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| | ''zarcoz'' "investigate" || ''-co'' (reciprocal) + ''-z'' (causitive) = (repetitive) | | | ''zarcoz'' "investigate" || ''-co'' (reciprocal) + ''-z'' (causitive) = (repetitive) |
| |} | | |} |
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| ====Negation and potential in verb-stems====
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| A dictionary-stem is '''positive'''; it can be made:
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| *'''negative''', by addition of ''-me'';
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| *'''impotential''', by addition of ''-e'' and then ''-me''.
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| Any of these three (kinds of) stems can be made '''potential''' by addition of ''-e'' and then ''-bil''. The ''-bil'' is not enclitic, but represents the verb ''bil-'' "know, be able"; the first syllable of the impotential ending represents an obsolete verb ''u-'' "be powerful, able" [[#References|Lewis]] [VIII,55].
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| So far then, there are six kinds of stems:
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| :{|class="wikitable"
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| |+ Paradigm for stems negative, impotential and potential
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| |-
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| ! ||English infinitive||English finite form
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| |-
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| |''gel-''||"come"||"come"
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| |-
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| |''gelme-''||"not come"||"do not come"
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| |-
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| |''geleme-''||"be unable to come"||"cannot come"
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| |-
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| |''gelebil-''||"be able to come"||"can come"
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| |-
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| |''gelmeyebil-''||"be able to not come"||"may not come"
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| |-
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| |''gelemeyebil-''||"able to be unable to come"||"may be unable to come"
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| |}
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| Such stems are not used for aorist forms, which have their own peculiar means of forming negatives and impotentials.
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| Note that ''-ebil'' is one of several verbs that can be compounded to enhance meaning. See [[#Auxiliary verbs|Auxiliary verbs]].
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| ===Bases of verbs=== | | ===Bases of verbs=== |