Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions

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The consensus among linguists is that Dundulanyä does not have grammatical gender or noun classes; however, it should be noted that natural gender is shown on some nouns referring to humans, and furthermore there are some verbs that have a complementary distribution - most notably the existential "to be" - where one verb can only be used for inanimate subjects and another only for animate ones; in a few cases, the animate "class" is also split between humans and non-humans. None of this, however, is reflected in morphology.

Dundulanyä nouns are complex, due to the existence of multiple declension patterns. They are primarily categorized by whether they refer to nouns that undergo ablaut or not; secondarily, they are categorized by their stem type.~~<br/>~~

Dundulanyä nouns are complex, due to the existence of multiple declension patterns. They are primarily categorized by whether they refer to nouns that undergo ablaut or not; secondarily, they are categorized by their stem type.

'''Ablauting''' declensions are all unproductive (although some of the derivational suffixes that form ablauting nouns are still productive) and include the following ones:

* Root nouns

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* ''-a'' declension

* Zero-ending nouns with vowel suffixes (''-u'', ''-i'', ''-ṛ'').

Except for root nouns, ablauting nouns are formed by a root and a suffix, and ablaut alternates between them. Many such suffixes are derivational and productive, but some are no longer productive and limited to a small number of terms (such as ''-in-'' forming certain male kinship terms). In a few cases, the suffix may actually be an infix, such as the (non-productive) one in the word ''lorbhe'' "stele", ultimately from the root ''lobh-'' "to write" (cf. direct singular ''lorbhe'' but locative singular ''lūrabhob'', dative plural ''lūrābhumi'').~~<br/>~~

Except for root nouns, ablauting nouns are formed by a root and a suffix, and ablaut alternates between them. Many such suffixes are derivational and productive, but some are no longer productive and limited to a small number of terms (such as ''-in-'' forming certain male kinship terms). In a few cases, the suffix may actually be an infix, such as the (non-productive) one in the word ''lorbhe'' "stele", ultimately from the root ''lobh-'' "to write" (cf. direct singular ''lorbhe'' but locative singular ''lūrabhob'', dative plural ''lūrābhumi'').

'''Non-ablauting''' declensions are the following ones:

* ''-e'' declension (first consonant stem declension)

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 The consensus among linguists is that Dundulanyä does not have grammatical gender or noun classes; however, it should be noted that natural gender is shown on some nouns referring to humans, and furthermore there are some verbs that have a complementary distribution - most notably the existential "to be" - where one verb can only be used for inanimate subjects and another only for animate ones; in a few cases, the animate "class" is also split between humans and non-humans. None of this, however, is reflected in morphology.
-Dundulanyä nouns are complex, due to the existence of multiple declension patterns. They are primarily categorized by whether they refer to nouns that undergo ablaut or not; secondarily, they are categorized by their stem type.<br/>
+Dundulanyä nouns are complex, due to the existence of multiple declension patterns. They are primarily categorized by whether they refer to nouns that undergo ablaut or not; secondarily, they are categorized by their stem type.
 '''Ablauting''' declensions are all unproductive (although some of the derivational suffixes that form ablauting nouns are still productive) and include the following ones:
 * Root nouns
@@ Line 183: / Line 184: @@
 * ''-a'' declension
 * Zero-ending nouns with vowel suffixes (''-u'', ''-i'', ''-ṛ'').
-Except for root nouns, ablauting nouns are formed by a root and a suffix, and ablaut alternates between them. Many such suffixes are derivational and productive, but some are no longer productive and limited to a small number of terms (such as ''-in-'' forming certain male kinship terms). In a few cases, the suffix may actually be an infix, such as the (non-productive) one in the word ''lorbhe'' "stele", ultimately from the root ''lobh-'' "to write" (cf. direct singular ''lorbhe'' but locative singular ''lūrabhob'', dative plural ''lūrābhumi'').<br/>
+Except for root nouns, ablauting nouns are formed by a root and a suffix, and ablaut alternates between them. Many such suffixes are derivational and productive, but some are no longer productive and limited to a small number of terms (such as ''-in-'' forming certain male kinship terms). In a few cases, the suffix may actually be an infix, such as the (non-productive) one in the word ''lorbhe'' "stele", ultimately from the root ''lobh-'' "to write" (cf. direct singular ''lorbhe'' but locative singular ''lūrabhob'', dative plural ''lūrābhumi'').
 '''Non-ablauting''' declensions are the following ones:
 * ''-e'' declension (first consonant stem declension)