Soc'ul': Difference between revisions

← Older edit Newer edit →

@@ Line 209: / Line 209: @@
 === Nouns ===
-=== Verbs ===
+===Verbs===
+====Aspect and Mood====
+Verbs are marked for aspect and mood by particles preceding the verb.
+{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
+|+ Verb agreement prefixes
+|-
+! !! {{gcl|PFV}} !! {{gcl|PROG}} !! {{gcl|CONT}} !! {{gcl|SUBJ}} !! {{gcl|ABIL|abilitative}} !! {{gcl|RES|resultative}}
+|-
+!
+| en || miu || ji, laz || uc' || c'e || c'ez
+|-
+! {{gcl|INCH}}
+| r'uz || miur' || jir', lar' || r'uc' || c'er' || r'ez
+|-
+! {{gcl|TERM}}
+| coi || miuc || jiuc, lauc || cuc' || c'oc || coz
+|-
+! {{gcl|NEG}}/<br>{{gcl|Q}}
+| xen || miun || jin, lan || nuc' || c'en || nez
+|}
+*The perfective particle ''en'' is optional except in formal speech, and in non-formal speech can used to reset aspect-mood in embedded or sequential clauses or to contrast with other nearby markers.
+*The progressive and continuative particles are often used contrastively as imperfective nonpresent and imperfective present respectively.
+*All forms of the negation/question particle ''xen'' can be reduplicated to restrict it to use as a question particle to disambiguate.
+These particles can cooccur, and are often combined for more specific or otherwise combined meanings, but in serial verbs are only used before the first verb. All but ''en'' can also be used as standalone verbs (see [[Soc'ul'#Copula|Copula]]), but do not take any agreement.
+====Agreement====
+Verbs agree with the person and class of nouns as follows.
+{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
+|+ Verb agreement prefixes
+|-
+! !! >{{gcl|1}} !! >{{gcl|2}} !! >{{gcl|CL1}} !! >{{gcl|CL2}} !! >{{gcl|CL3}}/{{gcl|CL4}} !! >{{gcl|CL5}}
+|-
+! {{gcl|1}}
+| sec- || soc- || seic- || seh- || setn- || 'cu-
+|-
+! {{gcl|2}}
+| cor- || coz- || cor- || coh- || cox- || cu-
+|-
+! {{gcl|CL1}}
+| íús- || íúy- || aí- || íúh- || íún- || íū-
+|-
+! {{gcl|CL2}}
+| har- || hau- || z'ai- || ∅- || han- || hu-
+|-
+! {{gcl|CL3}}
+| in- || nau- || ixú- || nal'- || iy- || nu-
+|-
+! {{gcl|CL4}}
+| an'- || ñ'o- || ñ'ai- || ñ'ih- || añ'- || u-
+|-
+! {{gcl|CL5}}
+| us- || úu- || úi- || ba- || úx- || u-
+|}
+Intransitive verbs are marked with patient agreement of the agent's class.
+====Copula====
+The copula ''hazen'' inflects as follows.
+{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
+|+ Copulae
+|-
+! !! >{{gcl|1}} !! >{{gcl|2}} !! >{{gcl|CL1}} !! >{{gcl|CL2}} !! >{{gcl|CL3}}/{{gcl|CL4}} !! >{{gcl|CL5}}
+|-
+! {{gcl|1}}
+| syen || suén || syíún' || sehan' || setnayn || sun'
+|-
+! {{gcl|2}}
+| coren || cozen || coríún' || coban' || coriyn || cun'
+|-
+! {{gcl|CL1}}
+| íúsyen || íúzen || aíún' || íúban' || íúnen || íún'
+|-
+! {{gcl|CL2}}
+| haryen || huén || hazíún' || hazen || harin' || hun'
+|-
+! {{gcl|CL3}}
+| nasen || nuén || naíún' || nahlan' || nayn || nun'
+|-
+! {{gcl|CL4}}
+| an'yen || ñ'ón || ñ'aíún' || ñ'iban' || ñ'in' || un'
+|-
+! {{gcl|CL5}}
+| sén || uén || uaíún' || ban' || uinayn || un'
+|}
+If aspect-mood marking is used, the copula is optionally dropped.
 === Adjectives and Adverbs ===
 Adjectives are not their own class of words, but are derived from nouns or verbs. Most often they are derived by zero-marking before other nouns or verbs, or with particles. Some of these derived adjectives and adverbs have meanings that don't directly correspond to the word they are derived from; in most cases this is due to homophony in ancestral Wascotl words after dropping of the adjective suffix ''*-osc'', for example ''toc'' "knife" or "sharp" from Wascotl ''*tequ-(ati)'' and ''*tequ-osc'' respectively.