Verse:Tdūrzů/Knench/Sandbox: Difference between revisions

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*Historical unvoiced /k/ is always written '''c''' in native words and loans from classical languages. The sequence ''ci'' may be found in foreign words, for example ''cinetica'' [ˈkʰɪnɪcʰɪkʰə] 'kinetics'.

* Voiced and voiceless stops have shifted to unaspirated and aspirated, as in Icelandic

** /sk sc st sp/ are spelled ''~~sc sṫ~~/sti st sp''.

** /sk sc st sp/ are spelled ''sk sť/sti st sp''.

** preaspiration of postvocalic aspirated stops in coda or before a consonant; in natural speech, ''-t'' weakens all the way to [h] in this environment, as in ''~~scweatlo~~'' [ˈskwɛːh(t)ɫʊ~ˈskwɛːɬˠːʊ] 'light'. Thus some analyze /h/ as a phonemic consonant appearing in clusters such as /hp hl/ and word-finally. However, the 2nd person plural verb ending ''-t'' is always pronounced as [tʰ].

** preaspiration of postvocalic aspirated stops in coda or before a consonant; in natural speech, ''-t'' weakens all the way to [h] in this environment, as in ''skweatlo'' [ˈskwɛːh(t)ɫʊ~ˈskwɛːɬˠːʊ] 'light'. Thus some analyze /h/ as a phonemic consonant appearing in clusters such as /hp hl/ and word-finally. However, the 2nd person plural verb ending ''-t'' is always pronounced as [tʰ].

** Word-final ''c'' is never preaspirated.

**Consonant assimilations:

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* ''c ch g w ng'' = /kʰ χ k b~β~w ŋ/

**''w'' has many allophones:

*** [w] or [ʍ] when it follows a consonant, according as whether the consonant is aspirated or not: ''~~scweat~~'' [skwɛ:h] 'world', ''~~cweat~~'' [kʰʍɛ:h] 'flower'.

*** [w] or [ʍ] when it follows a consonant, according as whether the consonant is aspirated or not: ''skweat'' [skwɛ:h] 'world', ''kweat'' [kʰʍɛ:h] 'flower'.

*** [w] when not before a vowel: e.g. ''staw'' [staw] '(flowery) state, condition', ''o wṡich ~~wảs~~'' [~~ɔwˈʃɪχʍɔ:s~~] 'about all of you'. However, between words it may still be dropped: ''o wṡich ~~wảs~~'' [~~ɔˈʃɪχʍɔ:s~~].

*** [w] when not before a vowel: e.g. ''staw'' [staw] '(flowery) state, condition', ''o wṡich was'' [ɔwˈʃɪχʍas] 'about all of you'. However, between words it may still be dropped: ''o wṡich was'' [ɔˈʃɪχʍas].

*** [b] word-initially before a vowel and after /n/: ''weċer'' [ˈbɛtʃʰɪɾ] 'evening', ''~~inventiä~~'' [~~ˈɪmbɨncɪjə~~] '~~invention (musical form)~~'.

*** [b] word-initially before a vowel and after /n/: ''weċer'' [ˈbɛtʃʰɪɾ] 'evening', ''Anwir'' [ambir] 'Anbir'.

*** When not after a vowel but before a consonant, it becomes [χʷ], [ʍ] or silent: ''wċera'' /χʷtʃɛrə~ʍtʃɛɾə~tʃɛɾə/ 'yesterday'.

***''w'' as [v~f] is a feature of some dialects, which may be transcribed as ''vv'', ''vf'', or ''ff'' in eye dialects.

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-*Historical unvoiced /k/ is always written '''c''' in native words and loans from classical languages. The sequence ''ci'' may be found in foreign words, for example ''cinetica'' [ˈkʰɪnɪcʰɪkʰə] 'kinetics'.
 * Voiced and voiceless stops have shifted to unaspirated and aspirated, as in Icelandic
-** /sk sc st sp/ are spelled ''sc sṫ/sti st sp''.
+** /sk sc st sp/ are spelled ''sk sť/sti st sp''.
-** preaspiration of postvocalic aspirated stops in coda or before a consonant; in natural speech, ''-t'' weakens all the way to [h] in this environment, as in ''scweatlo'' [ˈskwɛːh(t)ɫʊ~ˈskwɛːɬˠːʊ] 'light'. Thus some analyze /h/ as a phonemic consonant appearing in clusters such as /hp hl/ and word-finally. However, the 2nd person plural verb ending ''-t'' is always pronounced as [tʰ].
+** preaspiration of postvocalic aspirated stops in coda or before a consonant; in natural speech, ''-t'' weakens all the way to [h] in this environment, as in ''skweatlo'' [ˈskwɛːh(t)ɫʊ~ˈskwɛːɬˠːʊ] 'light'. Thus some analyze /h/ as a phonemic consonant appearing in clusters such as /hp hl/ and word-finally. However, the 2nd person plural verb ending ''-t'' is always pronounced as [tʰ].
 **  Word-final ''c'' is never preaspirated.
 **Consonant assimilations:
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 * ''c ch g w ng'' = /kʰ χ k b~β~w ŋ/
 **''w'' has many allophones:
-*** [w] or [ʍ] when it follows a consonant, according as whether the consonant is aspirated or not: ''scweat'' [skwɛ:h] 'world', ''cweat'' [kʰʍɛ:h] 'flower'.
+*** [w] or [ʍ] when it follows a consonant, according as whether the consonant is aspirated or not: ''skweat'' [skwɛ:h] 'world', ''kweat'' [kʰʍɛ:h] 'flower'.
-*** [w] when not before a vowel: e.g. ''staw'' [staw] '(flowery) state, condition', ''o wṡich wảs'' [ɔwˈʃɪχʍɔ:s] 'about all of you'. However, between words it may still be dropped: ''o wṡich wảs'' [ɔˈʃɪχʍɔ:s].
+*** [w] when not before a vowel: e.g. ''staw'' [staw] '(flowery) state, condition', ''o wṡich was'' [ɔwˈʃɪχʍas] 'about all of you'. However, between words it may still be dropped: ''o wṡich was'' [ɔˈʃɪχʍas].
-*** [b] word-initially before a vowel and after /n/: ''weċer'' [ˈbɛtʃʰɪɾ] 'evening', ''inventiä'' [ˈɪmbɨncɪjə] 'invention (musical form)'.
+*** [b] word-initially before a vowel and after /n/: ''weċer'' [ˈbɛtʃʰɪɾ] 'evening', ''Anwir'' [ambir] 'Anbir'.
 *** When not after a vowel but before a consonant, it becomes [χʷ], [ʍ] or silent: ''wċera'' /χʷtʃɛrə~ʍtʃɛɾə~tʃɛɾə/ 'yesterday'.
 ***''w'' as [v~f] is a feature of some dialects, which may be transcribed as ''vv'', ''vf'', or ''ff'' in eye dialects.