Verse:Tdūrzů/Knench: Difference between revisions

|nativename = Kibri

|name = Cubrite

|fam5=[[Ancient Cubrite]]

|fam6=[[Old Cubrite]]

'''Cubrite''' (''Kibri'' /kɪbɹɪ/ or ''núm Kibr'' /nɨːm kɪbɐ/) is a Semitic language spoken in the Lõis timeline, spoken by the Cubrites, a minority in the British Isles and France and more common in Canada and the United States. <!--Standard Cubrite is based on the Criadosch (Cubrite ''Krirdox'' /kɹeːˈdɔɧ/ from Ancient Cubrite ''*κarjō ħadasō'' 'new city') dialect. -->Genetic studies have shown that the Cubrites are descendants of Celtic speakers who adopted a Canaanite language. The language descends from a close relative of Biblical Hebrew which was spoken in North Africa and preserves quite a few quasi-Biblical Hebrew words and phrases, but its grammar is far more analytic than its ancestor: it was completely restructured to use auxiliaries instead of the older prefix and suffix conjugations, and it is the only Lõisian Semitic language that has lost grammatical gender outside of Far East Semitic. Most modern Cubrites are Catholic; some (particularly in North America) are Muslim, Jewish or neopagan.

Cubrite has many Greek, Brythonic, Arabic, Romance and English loanwords.

=== Native Cubrite names ===

The first attested text in Modern Cubrite is a fragment of a gloss, translation and explanation of the Jewish Haggadah, dated to the 14th century. Non-rhoticity, gender loss, and the shift to auxiliaries were complete by this time, and Cubrite has had little change since except in vocabulary, accent, and the loss of grammatical mutation.

An in-universe theory holds that Cubrite played a key role in the evolution of nonrhoticity in Southern British English. However, this is not widely accepted, as the loss of rhoticity occurred earlier in Cubrite.

American accent of Cubrite should be diff but still nonrhotic. ''x'' should be a retroflex sibilant

Ancient Cubrite /l/ became /w/ in some places, especially before C or pausa.

''x'' is a retroflex sibilant in American Cubrite.

The following is Hrafn Leifsson's classification of Cubrite vowels:

Modern Cubrite has two orthographies: an English-like orthography and a French-like orthography. The orthography used on this page is an academic one devised by Icelandic linguist Hrafn Leifsson, detailed in his PhD thesis ''A comparative grammar of the British Isles languages''.

{{PAGENAME}} has lost the verbal inflections and triconsonantal morphology of Ancient Cubrite.

Nouns inflect for number and definiteness. Like in English, proper nouns don't take the definite article. Attributive adjectives agree with nouns in number. Cubrite has lost grammatical gender and the construct state, although animates still have natural gender.

{{PAGENAME}} has regularized all plurals to ''-r'' (from a merger of Ancient Cubrite ''-īm'' > ''*-ī'' and ''-ūδ''). ''-u'' nouns become ''-lr'' in the plural: ''þebu, þeblr'' 'a world, worlds'.

*Emphatic: ''ro'' = so X, very X indeed (inherited from Ancient Cubrite, which borrowed it from Celtic)

*Comparative/Superlative: ''-br''/''-pr'' = more X or most X (from *3abūr, infinitive absolute of 'to exceed'); comparandum takes ''prí'' 'than' (from Ancient Cubrite ''pirūðī'' 'when I see')

Cubrite has a pronoun system similar to European languages, except that there is no grammatical gender and ''se'' "that" is used as an inanimate or gender-neutral pronoun. There is a T-V distinction: the 2nd person plural ''tim'' is also used as a polite pronoun.

Finite forms of ''kaht'' 'to take' can be used as an auxiliary meaning 'to go ahead and VERB/to take the liberty to VERB/take the initiative to VERB'. Cubrite-influenced English dialects use ''take'' in a similar way: ''I took to buy spare parts myself, because my department wouldn't give me any.''

The auxiliary ''zum'' for the cautionary future comes from the Ancient Cubrite verb ''*zāmam'' 'to scheme'. It's used to:

{{PAGENAME}} has the faulty accusative (glossed as FA) particle ''ðə'' or ''ð' '', from Ancient Cubrite ''jūδ ha-''. It is  actually not used for direct objects, but only for constituents that are separated from their heads. It also replaces a (TAM-marking) "preposition" in front of a lexical verb, when no preposition is used.

Cubrite allows arbitrarily long chains of pseudo-auxiliaries:

Cubrite has a rich tense-aspect system which expresses imperfective/perfective as well as progressive and perfect.

Serial verbs are also very common in Cubrite:

Cubrite has the following vocabulary layers:

# Most of the common words are inherited from the Semitic common ancestor of Ancient Cubrite and Biblical Hebrew, however they often show drastic semantic drift or compounding. Example: ''šłúd'' 'a lot' comes from ''saȝudō'' 'feast'.

Although it is attested in Ancient Cubrite, the *CaCīCō verbal noun pattern is not as productive as the corresponding pattern in Mishnaic and Modern Hebrew.

** ''pnar'' 'wolf' comes from pre-Cubrite *pen harr 'son-of mountain'; a euphemism replacing Ancient Cubrite ''zēb''