Niemish: Difference between revisions

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*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌹𐍆𐌽𐌰𐌽#Gothic|lifnan]]'' → Post-Got. ''libnan''

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸𐌹𐍃#Gothic|blōþis]]'' → Post-Got. ''blōdis''

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃#Gothic|qiþus]]'' → Post-Got. ''qidus''

*Got. ''[[wikt:~~𐌷𐌿𐍃~~#Gothic|~~hūs~~]]'' → Post-Got. ''~~hūz~~''

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉#Gothic|áikklēsjō]]'' → Post-Got. ''áikkleizjū''

Not that medial ''b, d, g,'' /b, d, g/ had the allophonic values [β, ɣ, ð] between vowels.

''h'' did not voice to ''g''/g/ [ɣ] because it was a glottal fricative [h], not [x]. It remained unchanged except syllable-finally when it elided with compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel.

''g'' did not devoice to ''h'' /h/, but to a velar fricative [x], transcribed here as ''χ''.

===Development of Niemish proper===

====Development of nasal vowels====

Wherever a nasal consonant occurred word-finally or before a spirant in Post-Gothic, it disappeared in favour of nasalisation of the previous vowel. The length of the vowel was not affected.

Wherever a nasal consonant occurred word-finally or before a spirant in Post-Gothic, it disappeared in favour of nasalisation of the previous vowel. The length of the vowel was not affected:

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼#Gothic|dagam]]'' → Post-Got. ''daχam'' → ''dachą''

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌿𐌽𐍃#Gothic|uns]]'' → ''ųs''

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Nasals that formed the end of a root, as in ''[[wikt:𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃#Gothic|háims]]'' and ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|aljan]]'' were either not lost or more likely restored by analogy with forms with inflectional endings; the Niemish descendants of these words are ''[[Contionary:ham|ham]]'' and ''[[Contionary:älin|älin]]''.

Nasal vowels followed by a fricative in unstressed syllables lost their nasalisation:

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍃#Gothic|tug̃gōns]]'' → Post-Got. ''tug̃gūns'' → ''tungą̄s'' → ''tungas''

====S-palatalisation====

Much like Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages (and to an extent High German), Niemish changed ''s'' /s/ to ''sz'' /ʃ/ before /w, j/ and after /r, uː, iː/:

Much like Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages (and to an extent High German), Niemish changed ''s'', ''z'' /s, z/ to ''sz'', ''zsz'' /ʃ, ʒ/ before /w, j/ and after /r, uː, iː/:

*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barsaz#Proto-Germanic|*barsaz]]'' → ''barsz''

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃#Gothic|swarts]]'' → ''szwart''

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*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūs#Proto-Germanic|*mūs]]'' → ''musz''

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌴𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' → Post-Got. ''meis'' → ''mysz''

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉#Gothic|áikklēsjō]]'' → Post-Got. ''áikkleizjū'' → ''klizsza''

====Emergence of /ɨː/====

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*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌴𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' → Post-Got. ''meis'' → ''mysz''

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽#Gothic|wein]]'' → ''wyn''

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' → Post-Got. ''qeinū''<sup>1</sup> → ''~~qyna~~'' → ''kyna''

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' → Post-Got. ''qeinū''<sup>1</sup> → ''kʷyna'' → ''kyna''

@@ Line 163: / Line 163: @@
 *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌹𐍆𐌽𐌰𐌽#Gothic|lifnan]]'' → Post-Got. ''libnan''
-*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸𐌹𐍃#Gothic|blōþis]]'' → Post-Got. ''blōdis''
 *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃#Gothic|qiþus]]'' → Post-Got. ''qidus''
-*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌷𐌿𐍃#Gothic|hūs]]'' → Post-Got. ''hūz''
+*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉#Gothic|áikklēsjō]]'' → Post-Got. ''áikkleizjū''
+Not that medial ''b, d, g,'' /b, d, g/ had the allophonic values [β, ɣ, ð] between vowels.
+''h'' did not voice to ''g''/g/ [ɣ] because it was a glottal fricative [h], not [x]. It remained unchanged except syllable-finally when it elided with compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel.
+''g'' did not devoice to ''h'' /h/, but to a velar fricative [x], transcribed here as ''χ''.
 ===Development of Niemish proper===
 ====Development of nasal vowels====
-Wherever a nasal consonant occurred word-finally or before a spirant in Post-Gothic, it disappeared in favour of nasalisation of the previous vowel. The length of the vowel was not affected.
+Wherever a nasal consonant occurred word-finally or before a spirant in Post-Gothic, it disappeared in favour of nasalisation of the previous vowel. The length of the vowel was not affected:
 *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼#Gothic|dagam]]'' → Post-Got. ''daχam'' → ''dachą''
 *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌿𐌽𐍃#Gothic|uns]]'' → ''ųs''
@@ Line 177: / Line 181: @@
 Nasals that formed the end of a root, as in ''[[wikt:𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃#Gothic|háims]]'' and ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|aljan]]'' were either not lost or more likely restored by analogy with forms with inflectional endings; the Niemish descendants of these words are ''[[Contionary:ham|ham]]'' and ''[[Contionary:älin|älin]]''.
+Nasal vowels followed by a fricative in unstressed syllables lost their nasalisation:
+*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍃#Gothic|tug̃gōns]]'' → Post-Got. ''tug̃gūns'' → ''tungą̄s'' → ''tungas''
 ====S-palatalisation====
-Much like Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages (and to an extent High German), Niemish changed ''s'' /s/ to ''sz'' /ʃ/ before /w, j/ and after /r, uː, iː/:
+Much like Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages (and to an extent High German), Niemish changed ''s'', ''z'' /s, z/ to ''sz'', ''zsz'' /ʃ, ʒ/ before /w, j/ and after /r, uː, iː/:
 *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barsaz#Proto-Germanic|*barsaz]]'' → ''barsz''
 *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃#Gothic|swarts]]'' → ''szwart''
@@ Line 185: / Line 192: @@
 *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūs#Proto-Germanic|*mūs]]'' → ''musz''
 *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌴𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' → Post-Got. ''meis'' → ''mysz''
+*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉#Gothic|áikklēsjō]]'' → Post-Got. ''áikkleizjū'' → ''klizsza''
 ====Emergence of /ɨː/====
@@ Line 191: / Line 199: @@
 *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌴𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' → Post-Got. ''meis'' → ''mysz''
 *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽#Gothic|wein]]'' → ''wyn''
-*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' → Post-Got. ''qeinū''<sup>1</sup> → ''qyna'' → ''kyna''
+*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' → Post-Got. ''qeinū''<sup>1</sup> → ''kʷyna'' → ''kyna''