Verse:Tdūrzů/Knench: Difference between revisions
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Numbers: | Numbers: | ||
0-10: afs, ódh (inanimate)/áth (animate), šnay, šluš, arbą, homiš, šeš, šewą, šmun, tešą, | 0-10: afs, ódh (inanimate)/áth (animate), šnay, šluš, arbą, homiš, šeš, šewą, šmun, tešą, ngaxr | ||
11-20: ódh/áth | 11-20: ódh/áth ngaxr, šnay ngaxr, šluš ngaxr, arbą ngaxr, homiš ngaxr, šeš ngaxr, šew ngaxr, hmun ngaxr, tešą ngaxr, ngaxrim | ||
40: stay ngaxrim | 40: stay ngaxrim | ||
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/a e ɪ ɔ ʊ ɛ̃ː iə əɪ äɤ iː ɑ̃ː ɛ̃ː ɪɤ̃ ɔ̃ː æː aw ɛw ɪw ɔw ʊw ɑː(ɹ) ɛː(ɹ) eː(ɹ) oʊ~oː(ɹ) ɜː(ɹ) ə(ɹ)/ = {{angbr|a e i o u á é í ó ú ą ę į ų aw ew iw ow uw ar er ir or ur ø/r}} | /a e ɪ ɔ ʊ ɛ̃ː iə əɪ äɤ iː ɑ̃ː ɛ̃ː ɪɤ̃ ɔ̃ː æː aw ɛw ɪw ɔw ʊw ɑː(ɹ) ɛː(ɹ) eː(ɹ) oʊ~oː(ɹ) ɜː(ɹ) ə(ɹ)/ = {{angbr|a e i o u á é í ó ú ą ę į ų aw ew iw ow uw ar er ir or ur ø/r}} | ||
Word-final /ə/ is pronounced [ɐ(ɹ)] and is transcribed as a syllabic ''r''. | Word-final /ə/ is pronounced [ɐ(ɹ)] and is transcribed as a syllabic ''r'', or ''ør'' after ''r''. | ||
The following is the traditional classification of vowels: | The following is the traditional classification of vowels: | ||
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*Nasal vowels: ą ę į ų | *Nasal vowels: ą ę į ų | ||
*L-colored vowels: aw ew iw ow uw | *L-colored vowels: aw ew iw ow uw | ||
*R-colored vowels: ar er ir or ur | *R-colored vowels: ar er ir or ur r | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
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{{PAGENAME}} has regularized all plurals to ־ר ''-ø'' (from a merger of Ancient Cubrite ''-īm'' and ''-ōδ''). It also lost grammatical gender. | {{PAGENAME}} has regularized all plurals to ־ר ''-ø'' (from a merger of Ancient Cubrite ''-īm'' and ''-ōδ''). It also lost grammatical gender. | ||
Words ending in a nasal vowel or an R-colored vowel add an intrusive R between the final vowel and the plural suffix: פדע ''pdą'' 'tree', פדערר '' | Words ending in a nasal vowel or an R-colored vowel add an intrusive R between the final vowel and the plural suffix: פדע ''pdą'' 'tree', פדערר ''pdąrør'' 'trees'. | ||
Some irregular plurals: בנוס, בלנוס ''benus, blenus'' = human | Some irregular plurals: בנוס, בלנוס ''benus, blenus'' = human | ||
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*Equative: ''de-'' = as X as; equally X; X enough (from BH די ''day'' 'enough') | *Equative: ''de-'' = as X as; equally X; X enough (from BH די ''day'' 'enough') | ||
*Excessive: ''ro-'' = too (inherited from Ancient Cubrite, which borrowed it from Celtic) | *Excessive: ''ro-'' = too (inherited from Ancient Cubrite, which borrowed it from Celtic) | ||
*Comparative/Superlative: ''- | *Comparative/Superlative: ''-ðr'' = more X or most X; comparandum takes פראָדﬞ ''proð'' 'than' (from Biblical Hebrew בראותי את ''*bi-rVʔōtī ʔet'' 'when I see ACC') | ||
Example: קרוא ''kkrú'' 'big', דגרוא ''degrú'' 'as big as'; ראָגרוא ''rogrú'' 'too big', קרואדﬞר ''kkrúðør'' 'bigger/biggest' | Example: קרוא ''kkrú'' 'big', דגרוא ''degrú'' 'as big as'; ראָגרוא ''rogrú'' 'too big', קרואדﬞר ''kkrúðør'' 'bigger/biggest' | ||
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:''His house is as big as a whale.'' | :''His house is as big as a whale.'' | ||
:'''''Sto hi ða ląsuth halkkbetho hi pø ro- | :'''''Sto hi ða ląsuth halkkbetho hi pø ro-múhr.''''' | ||
:''She did her homework too late.'' | :''She did her homework too late.'' | ||
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===Relativizer=== | ===Relativizer=== | ||
Relative clauses use the relativizer '' | Relative clauses use the relativizer ''ar'' (from a merger of אשר ''*ʔašir'' and ה- ''ha-''). ''Re'' is not used in relative clauses in present tense. | ||
*''Ni p'él þpuahaz | *''Ni p'él þpuahaz ar pø hadør i'' = I am eating the apple which is in my room. | ||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
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==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
===UDHR, Article 1=== | ===UDHR, Article 1=== | ||
:'''''Kol | :'''''Kol plenušiw bru'm lalest kø hofsr; hem sowr ngaw kovdaz ke tsrokkuthiw. Vru'm lifkudh pø þbín ke gulaliv, ke re ngalem laxt yax šuthif bø nøšóm ahwr.''''' | ||
:all human/PL-DEF.PL.M PASS.PRES-3PL be_born as free-M.PL; 3PL equal-PL on dignity-DEF.SG and right-DEF.F.PL. PASS.PRES-3PL entrust with understanding and conscience, and PRES on-3PL walk with one_another with spirit | :all human/PL-DEF.PL.M PASS.PRES-3PL be_born as free-M.PL; 3PL equal-PL on dignity-DEF.SG and right-DEF.F.PL. PASS.PRES-3PL entrust with understanding and conscience, and PRES on-3PL walk with one_another with spirit brotherhood. | ||
:''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood.'' | :''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood.'' | ||