Chlouvānem/Phonology: Difference between revisions

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{{IPA|/ɴ̆/}} is the second most common consonant in Chlouvānem (after {{IPA|/m/}}) and is considered its most representative sound as it has not been found in any other Calémerian language excluding its own descendants. It is conventionally described as a nasal uvular flap, though alternative transcriptions may be {{IPA|[ᴺɢ̆]}} (prenasalized uvular flap) or {{IPA|[ᴺʡ̆]}} (prenasalized epiglottal flap). Some linguists, noticing a distinct ingressive airstream, transcribe it as a nasal uvular implosive {{IPA|[ʛ̃]}}. This realization is consistent in virtually all Chlouvānem-speaking territories.

* ''lili'' "I" {{IPA|/ɴ̆iɴ̆i/}} - Std., Līl., Klš., Cam. {{IPA|[ɴ̆iɴ̆i]}}

==Pitch accent==

Contemporary standard Chlouvānem, in most of its pronunciations, is pronounced with a pitch accent system which is not phonemic and easily predictable. Due to this and for simplicity, it is not generally indicated in transcriptions.

Long vowels are pronounced with a high pitch:

: ''dhāḍa'' "language" {{IPA|[dʰäː˥ɖä˧]}}

: ''chlǣvānem'' "Chlouvānem" {{IPA|[c͡ɕʰɴ̆ɛː˥ʋäː˥ne˧m]}}

: ''pāsā'' "weather" {{IPA|[päː˥säː˥]}}

Non-final oral diphthongs (and {{IPA|/ɔə̯/}} also when final) are pronounced with high pitch on their first component, and slightly falling on the second:

: ''maita'' "river" {{IPA|[mæ˥ɪ̯˦tä˧]}}

: ''leiktas'' "surprise" {{IPA|[ɴ̆e˥ɪ̯˦ktä˧s]}}

: ''haloe'' "name" {{IPA|[ɦä˧ɴ̆ɔ˥ə̯˦]}}

However, pitch does not fall if the following syllable has another high pitch:

: ''lairē'' "sky" {{IPA|[ɴ̆æ˥ɪ̯˥ʀeː˥]}}

: ''meinā'' "mother" {{IPA|[me˥ɪ̯˥näː˥]}}

Long vowels followed by a tautosyllabic {{/ʀ ɴ̆ m n ɳ ɲ ɴ/}} carry high pitch to the sonorant, but without the slight fall:

: ''šermālgis'' "base, fundamental element" {{IPA|[ɕe˧ʀmäː˥ɴ̆˥ɡi˧s]}}

: ''āntimē'' "3SG is/stands on" {{IPA|[äː˥n˥ti˧meː˥]}}

: ''snīrṣmas'' "blanket" {{IPA|sniː˥ʀ˥ʂma˧s]}}

Final diphthongs (except for {{IPA|/ɔə̯/}}) start with normal pitch and end with higher pitch on the second component (which is allophonically slightly lengthened), though the pitch is not as high as for long vowels or other diphthongs. As the starting pitch is not high, it does not impede falling of pitch in a preceding diphthong:

: ''pudbhau'' "I slept" {{IPA|[pu˧dbʱɑ˧ʊ̯ˑ˦]}}

: ''junai'' "foot" {{IPA|[ɟ͡ʑu˧næ˧ɪ̯ˑ˦]}}

: ''maitai'' "rivers" {{IPA|[mæ˥ɪ̯˦tæ˧ɪ̯ˑ˦]}}

Breathy-voiced vowels and diphthongs, on the contrary, always carry low pitch. Breathy-voiced monophthongs are also two-thirds as long as long vowels (therefore about 140% as long as a short vowel).

: ''męlike'' "to give" {{IPA|[me̤ˑ˩ɴ̆i˧ke˧]}}

: ''pąnna'' "rope" {{IPA|[pɑ̤ˑ˩nnä˧]}}

: ''paranąiṣam'' "protagonist" {{IPA|[pä˧ʀäna̤˩ɪ̯˩ʂa˧m]}}

==Phonotactics==

@@ Line 284: / Line 284: @@
 {{IPA|/ɴ̆/}} is the second most common consonant in Chlouvānem (after {{IPA|/m/}}) and is considered its most representative sound as it has not been found in any other Calémerian language excluding its own descendants. It is conventionally described as a nasal uvular flap, though alternative transcriptions may be {{IPA|[ᴺɢ̆]}} (prenasalized uvular flap) or {{IPA|[ᴺʡ̆]}} (prenasalized epiglottal flap). Some linguists, noticing a distinct ingressive airstream, transcribe it as a nasal uvular implosive {{IPA|[ʛ̃]}}. This realization is consistent in virtually all Chlouvānem-speaking territories.
 * ''lili'' "I" {{IPA|/ɴ̆iɴ̆i/}} - Std., Līl., Klš., Cam. {{IPA|[ɴ̆iɴ̆i]}}
+==Pitch accent==
+Contemporary standard Chlouvānem, in most of its pronunciations, is pronounced with a pitch accent system which is not phonemic and easily predictable. Due to this and for simplicity, it is not generally indicated in transcriptions.
+Long vowels are pronounced with a high pitch:
+: ''dhāḍa'' "language" {{IPA|[dʰäː˥ɖä˧]}}
+: ''chlǣvānem'' "Chlouvānem" {{IPA|[c͡ɕʰɴ̆ɛː˥ʋäː˥ne˧m]}}
+: ''pāsā'' "weather" {{IPA|[päː˥säː˥]}}
+Non-final oral diphthongs (and {{IPA|/ɔə̯/}} also when final) are pronounced with high pitch on their first component, and slightly falling on the second:
+: ''maita'' "river" {{IPA|[mæ˥ɪ̯˦tä˧]}}
+: ''leiktas'' "surprise" {{IPA|[ɴ̆e˥ɪ̯˦ktä˧s]}}
+: ''haloe'' "name" {{IPA|[ɦä˧ɴ̆ɔ˥ə̯˦]}}
+However, pitch does not fall if the following syllable has another high pitch:
+: ''lairē'' "sky" {{IPA|[ɴ̆æ˥ɪ̯˥ʀeː˥]}}
+: ''meinā'' "mother" {{IPA|[me˥ɪ̯˥näː˥]}}
+Long vowels followed by a tautosyllabic {{/ʀ ɴ̆ m n ɳ ɲ ɴ/}} carry high pitch to the sonorant, but without the slight fall:
+: ''šermālgis'' "base, fundamental element" {{IPA|[ɕe˧ʀmäː˥ɴ̆˥ɡi˧s]}}
+: ''āntimē'' "3SG is/stands on" {{IPA|[äː˥n˥ti˧meː˥]}}
+: ''snīrṣmas'' "blanket" {{IPA|sniː˥ʀ˥ʂma˧s]}}
+Final diphthongs (except for {{IPA|/ɔə̯/}}) start with normal pitch and end with higher pitch on the second component (which is allophonically slightly lengthened), though the pitch is not as high as for long vowels or other diphthongs. As the starting pitch is not high, it does not impede falling of pitch in a preceding diphthong:
+: ''pudbhau'' "I slept" {{IPA|[pu˧dbʱɑ˧ʊ̯ˑ˦]}}
+: ''junai'' "foot" {{IPA|[ɟ͡ʑu˧næ˧ɪ̯ˑ˦]}}
+: ''maitai'' "rivers" {{IPA|[mæ˥ɪ̯˦tæ˧ɪ̯ˑ˦]}}
+Breathy-voiced vowels and diphthongs, on the contrary, always carry low pitch. Breathy-voiced monophthongs are also two-thirds as long as long vowels (therefore about 140% as long as a short vowel).
+: ''męlike'' "to give" {{IPA|[me̤ˑ˩ɴ̆i˧ke˧]}}
+: ''pąnna'' "rope" {{IPA|[pɑ̤ˑ˩nnä˧]}}
+: ''paranąiṣam'' "protagonist" {{IPA|[pä˧ʀäna̤˩ɪ̯˩ʂa˧m]}}
 ==Phonotactics==