Atlantic: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language

|name = ~~Lingua Sine Nomine~~

|name = Rumonian

|nativename = nimba ~~siny nomi~~

|nativename = nimba rumoniha

|pronunciation = {{IPA|[ˈnimba ~~ˈsiɲ ˈnɔmi~~]}}

|pronunciation = {{IPA|[ˈnimba ruˈmɔnixa]}}

|states (state) = TBD

|region = TBD

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|nation = TBD

}}

A [[w:Romance language|Romance]] ~~conlang, so far without a name,~~ aesthetically inspired by selected sound changes in various other Romance languages, most notably [[w:Sicilian language|Sicilian]], [[w:Romansh language|Romansh]], [[w:French language|French]], and various dialects of [[w:Lombard language|Lombard]], especially [[w:lmo:Lombard alpin|Alpine ones(LMO)]]. It also includes some features taken by my now-abandoned former romlang projects, [[Wendlandish]] and [[Atlantic]], as well as some unique features, such as intervocalic voiceless stops leniting to voiceless fricatives instead of voiced stops.

'''Rumonian''' (natively ''rumonih'' {{IPA|[ruˈmɔnix]}} or ''nimba rumoniha'' {{IPA|[ˈnimba ruˈmɔnixa]}}) is a [[w:Romance language|Romance]] language aesthetically inspired by selected sound changes in various other Romance languages, most notably [[w:Sicilian language|Sicilian]], [[w:Romansh language|Romansh]], [[w:French language|French]], and various dialects of [[w:Lombard language|Lombard]], especially [[w:lmo:Lombard alpin|Alpine ones(LMO)]]. It also includes some features taken by my now-abandoned former romlang projects, [[Wendlandish]] and [[Atlantic]], as well as some unique features, such as intervocalic voiceless stops leniting to voiceless fricatives instead of voiced stops.

It aims to be an extremely conservative Romance language in its morphology, with many irregularities directly deriving from Latin, and with little analogical levelling; for example, the different ways to build the perfect are maintained almost without change for nearly every inherited verb except for those in the productive first conjugation. The development of the various synthetic tenses is however almost identical to that of Portuguese, except for the innovative future and conditional which are respectively different and non-existant in ~~the Unnamed Romlang~~. It also maintains neuter nouns as distinct from the other two genders.

It aims to be an extremely conservative Romance language in its morphology, with many irregularities directly deriving from Latin, and with little analogical levelling; for example, the different ways to build the perfect are maintained almost without change for nearly every inherited verb except for those in the productive first conjugation. The development of the various synthetic tenses is however almost identical to that of Portuguese, except for the innovative future and conditional which are respectively different and non-existant in Rumonian. It also maintains neuter nouns as distinct from the other two genders.

It is not meant to fit with existing Romance languages in the sense I purposely took as inspirations various features from all over the Romance-speaking world, and therefore does not fit in any subgrouping.

==Development==

===Vocalic changes===

The vocalic system ~~of the Lingua Sine Nomine~~ was formed through an evolution that, while with many common elements with other Romance languages, was unique in having kept long and short {{IPA|/a/}} distinct, the latter shifting to {{IPA|/ɑ/}} and later merging with surviving instances of {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. Otherwise, the development of vowels was much like Sicilian, as the table below hints:

The Rumonian vocalic system was formed through an evolution that, while with many common elements with other Romance languages, was unique in having kept long and short {{IPA|/a/}} distinct, the latter shifting to {{IPA|/ɑ/}} and later merging with surviving instances of {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. Otherwise, the development of vowels was much like Sicilian, as the table below hints:

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Latin !! Early ~~LSN~~ !! Modern ~~LSN~~ !! Example !! Cognates

! Latin !! Early Rumonian !! Modern Rumonian !! Example !! Cognates

|-

! A, Ā

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TBA

In standard ~~Lingua Sine Nomine~~, voiced stops are allophonically geminated after a stressed vowel, e.g. in ''pubric'' "public" {{IPA|/ˈpubrik/ [ˈpubːrik]}} or ''abidihu'' "I decline" {{IPA|/ˈabidiχu/ [ˈabːidiχu]}}.

In standard Rumonian, voiced stops are allophonically geminated after a stressed vowel, e.g. in ''pubric'' "public" {{IPA|/ˈpubrik/ [ˈpubːrik]}} or ''abidihu'' "I decline" {{IPA|/ˈabidiχu/ [ˈabːidiχu]}}.

==Orthography==

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In order to write the same sounds before the opposite pair of letters, the following letters or digraphs are used:

* Palatal sound + '''a, o, u''' → '''ch, j, x'''

* Velar sound + '''i, e''' → '''qu, gu'''; the sequences {{IPA|/χi χe/}} do not exist in ~~the Lingua Sine Nomine~~.

* Velar sound + '''i, e''' → '''qu, gu'''; the sequences {{IPA|/χi χe/}} do not exist in Rumonian.

===Epenthesis===

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===Verbs===

Verbs generally have six moods: three finite (indicative, subjunctive, imperative) and three non-finite ones (infinitive, participle, gerundive). Unlike other Romance languages, ~~the Unnamed Romlang~~ did not develop a conditional mood.

Verbs generally have six moods: three finite (indicative, subjunctive, imperative) and three non-finite ones (infinitive, participle, gerundive). Unlike other Romance languages, Rumonian did not develop a conditional mood.

The indicative and subjunctive are composed of various simple tenses plus other compound ones, while the other moods only have a few forms (the imperative) in a single tense, or have a simple tense and a compound one. The indicative simple tenses are present, imperfect, past (from the Latin perfect), and past perfect. The subjunctive only has three: present, imperfect (from the Latin past perfect subj.), and future (from Latin future perfect ind.) - the origin of the various tenses is therefore the same as in other languages like Portuguese.

Verbs in ~~the Unnamed Romlang~~ are typically cited with three or four principal parts: the infinitive, the 1sg present indicative, the 1sg past indicative, and the past participle; unlike Latin, but like other Romance languages, the infinitive and not the 1sg present indicative is used as citation form. The 1sg present indicative is mostly needed in cases where the root had a short E in Latin which is stressed (and kept or broken) in the 1sg present indicative form, but unstressed in the infinitive (where it therefore became /i/). An example is the verb ''apilyori'' "to call, to be called" ← APPELLĀRE, whose 1sg present indicative form is ''apialyu'' ← APPELLŌ (cf. ''cinsiri'' "to think" (← CĒNSĒRE) and ''cinsi'' "I think" (← CĒNSEŌ), where this does not happen due to the different original vowel).

Verbs in Rumonian are typically cited with three or four principal parts: the infinitive, the 1sg present indicative, the 1sg past indicative, and the past participle; unlike Latin, but like other Romance languages, the infinitive and not the 1sg present indicative is used as citation form. The 1sg present indicative is mostly needed in cases where the root had a short E in Latin which is stressed (and kept or broken) in the 1sg present indicative form, but unstressed in the infinitive (where it therefore became /i/). An example is the verb ''apilyori'' "to call, to be called" ← APPELLĀRE, whose 1sg present indicative form is ''apialyu'' ← APPELLŌ (cf. ''cinsiri'' "to think" (← CĒNSĒRE) and ''cinsi'' "I think" (← CĒNSEŌ), where this does not happen due to the different original vowel).

Only the first conjugation is still productive, and it is also the one with the fewest irregular verbs (most verbs in it have the same root in all principal parts).

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 }}
 {{Infobox language
-|name          = Lingua Sine Nomine
+|name          = Rumonian
-|nativename    = nimba siny nomi
+|nativename    = nimba rumoniha
-|pronunciation = {{IPA|[ˈnimba ˈsiɲ ˈnɔmi]}}
+|pronunciation = {{IPA|[ˈnimba ruˈmɔnixa]}}
 |states (state) = TBD
 |region        = TBD
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 |nation        = TBD
 }}
-A [[w:Romance language|Romance]] conlang, so far without a name, aesthetically inspired by selected sound changes in various other Romance languages, most notably [[w:Sicilian language|Sicilian]], [[w:Romansh language|Romansh]], [[w:French language|French]], and various dialects of [[w:Lombard language|Lombard]], especially [[w:lmo:Lombard alpin|Alpine ones<small><sup>(LMO)</sup></small>]]. It also includes some features taken by my now-abandoned former romlang projects, [[Wendlandish]] and [[Atlantic]], as well as some unique features, such as intervocalic voiceless stops leniting to voiceless fricatives instead of voiced stops.
+'''Rumonian''' (natively ''rumonih'' {{IPA|[ruˈmɔnix]}} or ''nimba rumoniha'' {{IPA|[ˈnimba ruˈmɔnixa]}}) is a [[w:Romance language|Romance]] language aesthetically inspired by selected sound changes in various other Romance languages, most notably [[w:Sicilian language|Sicilian]], [[w:Romansh language|Romansh]], [[w:French language|French]], and various dialects of [[w:Lombard language|Lombard]], especially [[w:lmo:Lombard alpin|Alpine ones<small><sup>(LMO)</sup></small>]]. It also includes some features taken by my now-abandoned former romlang projects, [[Wendlandish]] and [[Atlantic]], as well as some unique features, such as intervocalic voiceless stops leniting to voiceless fricatives instead of voiced stops.
-It aims to be an extremely conservative Romance language in its morphology, with many irregularities directly deriving from Latin, and with little analogical levelling; for example, the different ways to build the perfect are maintained almost without change for nearly every inherited verb except for those in the productive first conjugation. The development of the various synthetic tenses is however almost identical to that of Portuguese, except for the innovative future and conditional which are respectively different and non-existant in the Unnamed Romlang. It also maintains neuter nouns as distinct from the other two genders.
+It aims to be an extremely conservative Romance language in its morphology, with many irregularities directly deriving from Latin, and with little analogical levelling; for example, the different ways to build the perfect are maintained almost without change for nearly every inherited verb except for those in the productive first conjugation. The development of the various synthetic tenses is however almost identical to that of Portuguese, except for the innovative future and conditional which are respectively different and non-existant in Rumonian. It also maintains neuter nouns as distinct from the other two genders.
+It is not meant to fit with existing Romance languages in the sense I purposely took as inspirations various features from all over the Romance-speaking world, and therefore does not fit in any subgrouping.
 ==Development==
 ===Vocalic changes===
-The vocalic system of the Lingua Sine Nomine was formed through an evolution that, while with many common elements with other Romance languages, was unique in having kept long and short {{IPA|/a/}} distinct, the latter shifting to {{IPA|/ɑ/}} and later merging with surviving instances of {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. Otherwise, the development of vowels was much like Sicilian, as the table below hints:
+The Rumonian vocalic system was formed through an evolution that, while with many common elements with other Romance languages, was unique in having kept long and short {{IPA|/a/}} distinct, the latter shifting to {{IPA|/ɑ/}} and later merging with surviving instances of {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. Otherwise, the development of vowels was much like Sicilian, as the table below hints:
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! Latin !! Early LSN !! Modern LSN !! Example !! Cognates
+! Latin !! Early Rumonian !! Modern Rumonian !! Example !! Cognates
 |-
 ! <small>A, Ā</small>
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 TBA
-In standard Lingua Sine Nomine, voiced stops are allophonically geminated after a stressed vowel, e.g. in ''pubric'' "public" {{IPA|/ˈpubrik/ [ˈpubːrik]}} or ''abidihu'' "I decline" {{IPA|/ˈabidiχu/ [ˈabːidiχu]}}.
+In standard Rumonian, voiced stops are allophonically geminated after a stressed vowel, e.g. in ''pubric'' "public" {{IPA|/ˈpubrik/ [ˈpubːrik]}} or ''abidihu'' "I decline" {{IPA|/ˈabidiχu/ [ˈabːidiχu]}}.
 ==Orthography==
@@ Line 82: / Line 84: @@
 In order to write the same sounds before the opposite pair of letters, the following letters or digraphs are used:
 * Palatal sound + '''a, o, u''' → '''ch, j, x'''
-* Velar sound + '''i, e''' → '''qu, gu'''; the sequences {{IPA|/χi χe/}} do not exist in the Lingua Sine Nomine.
+* Velar sound + '''i, e''' → '''qu, gu'''; the sequences {{IPA|/χi χe/}} do not exist in Rumonian.
 ===Epenthesis===
@@ Line 178: / Line 180: @@
 ===Verbs===
-Verbs generally have six moods: three finite (indicative, subjunctive, imperative) and three non-finite ones (infinitive, participle, gerundive). Unlike other Romance languages, the Unnamed Romlang did not develop a conditional mood.
+Verbs generally have six moods: three finite (indicative, subjunctive, imperative) and three non-finite ones (infinitive, participle, gerundive). Unlike other Romance languages, Rumonian did not develop a conditional mood.
 The indicative and subjunctive are composed of various simple tenses plus other compound ones, while the other moods only have a few forms (the imperative) in a single tense, or have a simple tense and a compound one. The indicative simple tenses are present, imperfect, past (from the Latin perfect), and past perfect. The subjunctive only has three: present, imperfect (from the Latin past perfect subj.), and future (from Latin future perfect ind.) - the origin of the various tenses is therefore the same as in other languages like Portuguese.
-Verbs in the Unnamed Romlang are typically cited with three or four principal parts: the infinitive, the 1sg present indicative, the 1sg past indicative, and the past participle; unlike Latin, but like other Romance languages, the infinitive and not the 1sg present indicative is used as citation form. The 1sg present indicative is mostly needed in cases where the root had a short <small>E</small> in Latin which is stressed (and kept or broken) in the 1sg present indicative form, but unstressed in the infinitive (where it therefore became /i/). An example is the verb ''apilyori'' "to call, to be called" ← <small>APPELLĀRE</small>, whose 1sg present indicative form is ''apialyu'' ← <small>APPELLŌ</small> (cf. ''cinsiri'' "to think" (← <small>CĒNSĒRE</small>) and ''cinsi'' "I think" (← <small>CĒNSEŌ</small>), where this does not happen due to the different original vowel).
+Verbs in Rumonian are typically cited with three or four principal parts: the infinitive, the 1sg present indicative, the 1sg past indicative, and the past participle; unlike Latin, but like other Romance languages, the infinitive and not the 1sg present indicative is used as citation form. The 1sg present indicative is mostly needed in cases where the root had a short <small>E</small> in Latin which is stressed (and kept or broken) in the 1sg present indicative form, but unstressed in the infinitive (where it therefore became /i/). An example is the verb ''apilyori'' "to call, to be called" ← <small>APPELLĀRE</small>, whose 1sg present indicative form is ''apialyu'' ← <small>APPELLŌ</small> (cf. ''cinsiri'' "to think" (← <small>CĒNSĒRE</small>) and ''cinsi'' "I think" (← <small>CĒNSEŌ</small>), where this does not happen due to the different original vowel).
 Only the first conjugation is still productive, and it is also the one with the fewest irregular verbs (most verbs in it have the same root in all principal parts).