Volapűük nulíik: Difference between revisions
| Line 146: | Line 146: | ||
'''Nouns''' | '''Nouns''' | ||
The category of nouns encompasses all verbs that denotes concrete and abstract objects, persons, animals, plants, feelings and concepts. It is the basic category of words since each adjective, verb and so on is based on a nominal root and derived from it. | The category of nouns encompasses all verbs that denotes concrete and abstract objects, persons, animals, plants, feelings and concepts. It is the basic category of words since each adjective, verb and so on is based on a nominal root and derived from it. Nouns inflect for case, number and possession and may receive further conjunctive / modal particles | ||
Cases | Cases | ||
'''Volapȕük nulíik''' has a complexe set of cases. The complexity arises from a set of nine primary cases which exist on itself but can be combined with a set of prefixes of local, temporal or abstract function. This combination creates more than thirty different cases which not all can be named and not all are actually regarded as cases of their own. | |||
The basic cases and their suffixes are: | |||
{| | |||
| | |||
!Case !! Suffix !! Main function(s) | |||
|- | |||
|Nominative || -ø || Subject of transitive & intransitive verbs | |||
|- | |||
|Vocative || -ø/-ö || Form of a noun to call someone/something | |||
|- | |||
|Genitive || -á(-) || Relational case, direct object in negative sentences | |||
|- | |||
|Dative || -é(-) || Receiver of bitransitive verbs, [logical] subject of emotional verbs, locative: origin of movement | |||
|- | |||
|Accusative || -í(-) || Direct object of transitiv verbs | |||
|- | |||
|Locative || -ó(-) || Indicating position in a place, space etc. | |||
|- | |||
|Translative || -úu(-)/-ü(-) || Change of state | |||
|- | |||
|Essive || -ú(-) || Being in a changeable state | |||
|- | |||
|Exlative || -wé(-)/-wä(-) || Ending of a state | |||
|} | |||