Roshterian: Difference between revisions

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*[ŋ] and [ɴ] are allophones of /n̪/ before velar and uvular consonants, respectively.
*[ŋ] and [ɴ] are allophones of /n̪/ before velar and uvular consonants, respectively.
*/r/ can be an alveolar flap [ɾ], an apical retroflex flap [ɽ], or trilled [r].
*/r/ can be an alveolar flap [ɾ], an apical retroflex flap [ɽ], or trilled [r].
*/ɳ ʈ ɖ ɭ/ can be realized as apical-postalveolar (like Hindi retroflexes) or subapical-palatal (like Tamil retroflexes). The apical realization dominates in casual speech, while the subapical realization occurs more in careful speech. After /ʂ/, /ʈ/ is always apical.
*/ɳ ʈ ɖ ɭ/ can be realized as apical-postalveolar (like Hindi retroflexes) or subapical-palatal (like Tamil retroflexes). The apical realization dominates in casual speech, while the subapical realization occurs in careful or formal speech. After /ʂ/, /ʈ/ is always apical.
**Colloquial Roshterian often merges /ɖ/ and /ɭ/.
**Colloquial Roshterian often merges /ɖ/ and /ɭ/.
*/ʂ/ is laminal post-alveolar [s̠] or sometimes [ɧ].
*/ʂ/ is laminal post-alveolar [s̠] or sometimes [ɧ].