Lakovic languages: Difference between revisions
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===Numbers=== | ===Numbers=== | ||
check Æ tone reflexes | check Æ tone reflexes | ||
*first, breathy voice gives 3/1 vs 2/4 split | |||
*then final consonants and voicing gives various outcomes | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! *àtòn "one" | ! *àtòn "one" | ||
| doan || || dun || || || | | doan || || dun || || || tů3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *raþ "two" | ! *raþ "two" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! *sciw "three" | ! *sciw "three" | ||
| stiw || || sju || || || | | stiw || || sju || || || tjy4 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *mšàx "four" | ! *mšàx "four" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! *tax "six" | ! *tax "six" | ||
| tach || || dah || || || | | tach || || dah || || || tar1 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *àpòþ "seven" | ! *àpòþ "seven" | ||
| boath || || but || || || | | boath || || but || || || po3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *słàp "eight" | ! *słàp "eight" | ||
| łep || || xjeop || || || | | łep || || xjeop || || || læ̊1 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *ʔlòy "nine" | ! *ʔlòy "nine" | ||
| loay || || eoloe || || || | | loay || || eoloe || || || lø3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *θaf "ten" | ! *θaf "ten" | ||
| thaf || || tav || || || | | thaf || || tav || || || tå2 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *suyàw "eleven" | ! *suyàw "eleven" | ||
| săyew || || sjo || || || | | săyew || || sjo || || || sø3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *srüx "twelve" | ! *srüx "twelve" | ||
| srüch || || sryh || || || | | srüch || || sryh || || || ru2 | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 23:45, 1 July 2018
- Not to be confused with the Lahob languages.
| Lakovic | |
|---|---|
| Created by | – |
| Geographic distribution | Talma, Bjeheond, Etalocin |
| Linguistic classification | One of Tricin's primary language families |
| Proto-language | Proto-Lakovic |
| Subdivisions |
|
The Lakovic languages (/ləˈkoʊvɪk/ luh-KOHV-ik; Eevo: brits Lycóov; Rhythoed: fi imbrits Lăcoaf) are a language family native to Talma.
Todo
Other (short) suffixes?
Phylogeny
- Proto-Lakovic
- Old Windermere
- Classical Windermere
- a Scots analog
- Tergetian
- Ksieħ
- Western Bjeheondian
- Tumhanian
- Old Windermere
Proto-Lakovic phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ŋ /ŋ/ | |||||
| "Stop" | plain | p /p/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | ʔ /ʔ/ | |||
| spirant | f /f/ | þ /θ/ | x /x/ | |||||
| Fricative | s /s̻/ | š /s̺/ | ś /ɬ/ | h /h/ | ||||
| Affricate | c /ts̻/ | č /ts̺/ | ć /tɬ/ | |||||
| Approximant | w /w/ | r /r/ | l /l/ | y /j/ | ||||
Vowels
Proto-Lakovic had 6 vowels and register tone:
i ü u e o a = /i y u e o a/
ì ǜ ù è ò à = /i y u e o a/ + breathy voice
Phonotactics
Final consonant clusters were allowed, unlike in Windermere.
Stress
Stress was likely on the final syllable.
Proto-Lakovic morphology
Nouns
- direct case marker: id-
- indirect case marker: how-
Verbs and adjectives
Verbs and adjectives agreed with nouns in gender. For example:
- šmer toʔ = a good man (m);
- ʔama toʔs = a good mother (f)
Gender agreement was lost in most descendants, except in Tergetian and the West Bjeheondian languages.
TODO: triggers, aspects
Numbers
check Æ tone reflexes
- first, breathy voice gives 3/1 vs 2/4 split
- then final consonants and voicing gives various outcomes
| Proto-Lakovic | Talman | Western Bjeheondian | Tumhanian | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windermere Lăcoaf |
Tergetian | Tsjoen Tsjoen |
Häskä | Schong | Æ | |
| *àtòn "one" | doan | dun | tů3 | |||
| *raþ "two" | rath | rat | ra2 | |||
| *sciw "three" | stiw | sju | tjy4 | |||
| *mšàx "four" | smech | mpjeoh | zjær3 | |||
| *imǜc "five" | müets | mjoets | vu2 | |||
| *tax "six" | tach | dah | tar1 | |||
| *àpòþ "seven" | boath | but | po3 | |||
| *słàp "eight" | łep | xjeop | læ̊1 | |||
| *ʔlòy "nine" | loay | eoloe | lø3 | |||
| *θaf "ten" | thaf | tav | tå2 | |||
| *suyàw "eleven" | săyew | sjo | sø3 | |||
| *srüx "twelve" | srüch | sryh | ru2 | |||
Derivational morphology
- Breathy voice ablaut: nominalization (f)
- pì-~pù- = agentive (m)
Proto-Lakovic syntax
Proto-Lakovic had flexible word order, but the most common word order was VSO.