Lahob languages: Difference between revisions
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Only the first- and second-person pronouns are reliably reconstructible in Proto-Lahob; it probably did not have common third person pronouns nor those differing in formality (which are found in Chlouvānem and, in a different way, in Coastal Tlengast) - the pronoun declension was apparently marginally productive and terms which were used as pronouns were sometimes analogically added to it — first of all, the development of Chlouvānem's 2SG formal equal pronoun ''ravi'' starting from the Lällshag borrowing ''rawe'' can be seen in texts from the early centuries of the Second Era; also using nouns instead of pronouns is not uncommon among Lahob languages, as do, without a change in declension, contemporary Chlouvānem, most of its descendants, as well as some Pwaɬasd-Ngos languages. | Only the first- and second-person pronouns are reliably reconstructible in Proto-Lahob; it probably did not have common third person pronouns nor those differing in formality (which are found in Chlouvānem and, in a different way, in Coastal Tlengast) - the pronoun declension was apparently marginally productive and terms which were used as pronouns were sometimes analogically added to it — first of all, the development of Chlouvānem's 2SG formal equal pronoun ''ravi'' starting from the Lällshag borrowing ''rawe'' can be seen in texts from the early centuries of the Second Era; also using nouns instead of pronouns is not uncommon among Lahob languages, as do, without a change in declension, contemporary Chlouvānem, most of its descendants, as well as some Pwaɬasd-Ngos languages. | ||
Like most modern Lahob languages - Chlouvānem is, this time, the exception - the Proto-Lahob second person pronouns distinguished natural gender both in the singular and in the plural; while both plural second person pronouns have vanished from Chlouvānem (though the feminine one's direct and genitive cases only are attested in Archaic Chlouvānem), the feminine singular is reflected as the formal superior and the masculine singular as the formal inferior.<br/> | Like most modern Lahob languages - Chlouvānem is, this time, the exception - the Proto-Lahob second person pronouns distinguished natural gender both in the singular and in the plural; while both plural second person pronouns have vanished from Chlouvānem (though the feminine one's direct and genitive cases only are attested in Archaic Chlouvānem), the feminine singular is reflected as the formal superior and the masculine singular as the formal inferior. Some Kenaywanic languages, as e.g. Łōpian, have also simplified the system by only retaining the originally masculine forms.<br/> | ||
The dual forms may not be reliably reconstructed (as anywhere in Proto-Lahob morphology) because Chlouvānem is the only attested Lahob language with a dual form (excluding a few of its daughter languages). | The dual forms may not be reliably reconstructed (as anywhere in Proto-Lahob morphology) because Chlouvānem is the only attested Lahob language with a dual form (excluding a few of its daughter languages). | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lahob !! rowspan=2 | [[Chlouvānem]] !! colspan=3 | Central Lahobic !! colspan=2 | Nayzehenyn | ! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lahob !! rowspan=2 | [[Chlouvānem]] !! colspan=3 | Central Lahobic !! colspan=2 | Nayzehenyn !! colspan=2 | Kenaywanic | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Proto-Central-Lahobic !! Łohof-aðá !! Sulutamilian<br/>Minwan !! Proto-Nayzehenyn !! Yełeshian Lawo | ! Proto-Central-Lahobic !! Łohof-aðá !! Sulutamilian<br/>Minwan !! Proto-Nayzehenyn !! Yełeshian Lawo !! Proto-Kenaywanic !! Łōpian | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *ʕiŋi, *ʕ- "I" | ! *ʕiŋi, *ʕ- "I" | ||
| lili || ''*oŋi'' || ngi || oni || ''*eŋ͡mi'' || em̃e | | lili || ''*oŋi'' || ngi || oni || ''*eŋ͡mi'' || em̃e || ''*emʲe'' || emь | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *kūri, *k- "you (masculine sg)" | ! *kūri, *k- "you (masculine sg)" | ||
| kūri || ''*kuri'' || kuy || kul || ''*kuri'' || kuy | | kūri || ''*kuri'' || kuy || kul || ''*kuri'' || kuy || ''*kurʲe'' || kirь | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *noni, *nəj- "you (feminine sg)" | ! *noni, *nəj- "you (feminine sg)" | ||
| nani || ''*noy'' || no || noa || ''*nay'' || ney | | nani || ''*noy'' || no || noa || ''*nay'' || ney || ''*none'' || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *majin, *m-/*maj- "we" | ! *majin, *m-/*maj- "we" | ||
| main || ''*mēn'' || men || min || ''*mɛy'' || me | | main || ''*mēn'' || men || min || ''*mɛy'' || me || ''*mᵞen'' || mъen | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *korin, *kro-/*koj- "you (masculine pl)" | ! *korin, *kro-/*koj- "you (masculine pl)" | ||
| — || ''*kōn'' || kon || kun || ''*kran'' || qan | | — || ''*kōn'' || kon || kun || ''*kran'' || qan || ''*korʲin'' || kerьn | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *nogin, *(ə)ŋg- "you (feminine pl)" | ! *nogin, *(ə)ŋg- "you (feminine pl)" | ||
| nagin || ''*olin'' || ðin || onen || ''*nawn'' || non | | nagin || ''*olin'' || ðin || onen || ''*nawn'' || non || ''*nokin'' || — | ||
|} | |} | ||