Lahob languages: Difference between revisions

Line 678:

==Basic cognates==

~~<!--~~ ===Numbers 1-12===

===Numbers 1-12===

All Lahob languages have a duodecimal numeral system. Here are the numbers from 1 to 12 (1012) in some of them. Note that there is no common word for "zero" (most of them use the word for "nothing"; Chlouvānem has the ~~Ancient Kūṣṛmāṭhi~~ borrowing ''ajrā''). ~~Also note that~~ the word for ~~six in Chlouvānem is~~ a ~~borrowing of unknown origin~~; ~~there~~'~~s no cognate left~~ for *~~weɬen~~.

All Lahob languages have a duodecimal numeral system. Here are the numbers from 1 to 12 (1012) in some of them. Note that there is no common word for "zero" (most of them use the word for "nothing"; Chlouvānem has the Lällshag borrowing ''ajrā''). The Proto-Lahob numerals for three and six are based on finger counting, being the word for "finger" and its dual form (some languages have innovated a newer word for finger with a later derivation, cf. Chl. ''pamuvis'', Yeł. Lawo ''kpim̃í''); Kenaywanic and Tłašnelek also have the root *den, "phalanx", for one – which is reflected in all languages' word for Ɛ, *wewʕe-den, or "one phalanx more [to twelve]". Some languages, notably Nayzehenyn ones, have three as a sub-base, and their word for twelve is "four fingers" or "four times three".

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lahob !! rowspan=2 | [[Chlouvānem]] !! colspan=4 | Central Lahobic !! colspan=2 | ~~Pwaɬasd-Ngos~~

! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lahob !! rowspan=2 | [[Chlouvānem]] !! colspan=3 | Central Lahobic !! colspan=2 | Nayzehenyn

|-

! ~~Łaȟoḇeyšer~~ !! ~~Łokow~~ !! ~~Yełeshian Lawo~~ !! ~~Shershan Lawo~~ !! ~~Tundra Pwaɬasd !! Ngos~~

! Proto-Central-Lahobic !! Łohof-aðá !! Sulutamilian Minwan !! Proto-Nayzehenyn !! Yełeshian Lawo

|-

! *~~lejeʕa~~ "one" ~~( noeuva radiss: *jemibe~~ > ~~chl. emibe)~~

! *jemibɨ "one"

| ~~leila~~ || ~~łêḇ~~ || łö || ~~łew~~ || ~~ła || le~~ || li

| emibe || ''*yempu'' || yew || empu || ''*imbo'' || im̃u

|-

! *doni "two"

! *doni "two"

| dani || ~~don~~ || ~~tun~~ || ~~don~~ || ~~don~~ || ~~don || tan~~

| dani || ''*doni'' || doy || dun || ''*done'' || dun

|-

! *~~pāmwi~~ "three"

! *pāmwəj "three"

| pāmvi || ~~pon~~ || ~~pong~~ || ~~pwang~~ || ~~pôŋ~~ || ~~bumb || puhm~~

| pāmvi || ''*faŋi'' || feng || fen || ''*pɔŋ͡me'' || kpem̃

|-

! *~~nexɬəte~~ "four"

! *nexɬə(te) "four"

| nęlte || ~~nitł~~ || ~~nitł~~ || ~~neyłit~~ || ~~nitłiw~~ || ~~nakhɬě || newtɬɤ~~

| nęlte || ''*netłet'' || nełe || netłe || ''*neetɬo'' || nitłu

|-

! *sjuŋko "five"

! *sjuŋko "five"

| šulka || ~~sunk~~ || ~~sungk~~ || ~~sung~~ || ~~suŋ~~ || ~~ɬuhn || ɬuhn~~

| šulka || ''*sunko'' || suk || sunku || ''*siŋka'' || sink

|-

! *~~weɬen~~ "six"

! *pāmujwā "six"

| ''(tulūɂa)'' || ~~witłi~~ || ~~witłi~~ || ~~leył~~ || ~~litłe || waɬěn~~ || ~~weɬɤn~~

| ''(tulūɂa)'' || ''*famowá'' || fangwá || famwá || ''*pɔmewɔ́'' || kpengbé

|-

! *cʰīko "seven"

! *cʰīko "seven"

| chīka || ~~šik~~ || ~~shik~~ || ~~šik~~ || ~~šik~~ || ~~kik || khik~~

| chīka || ''*siko'' || sik || siku || ''*ʃika'' || šika

|-

! *tītijo "eight"

! *tītijo "eight"

| tītya || ~~tič~~ || ~~shich~~ || ~~tsəš~~ || ~~siš~~ || ~~dide || tyete~~

| tītya || ''*tiso'' || tis || sisun || ''*titʃa'' || tiš

|-

! *mawɟo "nine"

! *mawɟo "nine"

| moja || ~~maḇuž~~ || ~~moch~~ || ~~mož~~ || ~~maš~~ || ~~mag || mok~~

| moja || ''*mōlo'' || moð || munu || ''*mɔdʒa'' || mož

|-

! *tofaʕdo "ten"

! *tofaʕdo "ten"

| tålda || ~~tof~~ || ~~tofuz || tos~~ || ~~tofs~~ || ~~toft~~ || ~~taf~~

| tålda || ''*tofad'' || tof || tofa || ''*tafoda'' || tor

|-

! *~~wewʕeden~~ "eleven"

! *wewʕe-den "eleven"

| vælden || ~~vaḇi~~ || ~~woshi~~ || ~~loḏi~~ || ~~lade~~ || ~~waděn || wotɤn~~

| vælden || ''*wālen'' || waðen || wane || ''*yɔwdin'' || wedin

|-

! *māmōwə "twelve"

! *māmōwə ～ *nexɬəpāmwəj "twelve"

| māmei || ~~momuḇ~~ || ~~momü~~ || ~~mwamu~~ || ~~mômo~~ || ~~mumo || momo~~

| māmei || ''*mamō'' || maw || mamu || ''*neetɬɔŋ͡me'' || nitłem̃

|} ~~-->~~

|}

===Miscellaneous words===

@@ Line 678: / Line 678: @@
 ==Basic cognates==
-<!-- ===Numbers 1-12===
+===Numbers 1-12===
-All Lahob languages have a duodecimal numeral system. Here are the numbers from 1 to 12 (10<sub>12</sub>) in some of them. Note that there is no common word for "zero" (most of them use the word for "nothing"; Chlouvānem has the Ancient Kūṣṛmāṭhi borrowing ''ajrā''). Also note that the word for six in Chlouvānem is a borrowing of unknown origin; there's no cognate left for *weɬen.
+All Lahob languages have a duodecimal numeral system. Here are the numbers from 1 to 12 (10<sub>12</sub>) in some of them. Note that there is no common word for "zero" (most of them use the word for "nothing"; Chlouvānem has the Lällshag borrowing ''ajrā''). The Proto-Lahob numerals for three and six are based on finger counting, being the word for "finger" and its dual form (some languages have innovated a newer word for finger with a later derivation, cf. Chl. ''pamuvis'', Yeł. Lawo ''kpim̃í''); Kenaywanic and Tłašnelek also have the root *den, "phalanx", for one – which is reflected in all languages' word for Ɛ, *wewʕe-den, or "one phalanx more [to twelve]".<br/>Some languages, notably Nayzehenyn ones, have three as a sub-base, and their word for twelve is "four fingers" or "four times three".
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lahob !! rowspan=2 | [[Chlouvānem]] !! colspan=4 | Central Lahobic !! colspan=2 | Pwaɬasd-Ngos
+! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lahob !! rowspan=2 | [[Chlouvānem]] !! colspan=3 | Central Lahobic !! colspan=2 | Nayzehenyn
 |-
-! Łaȟoḇeyšer !! Łokow !! Yełeshian Lawo !! Shershan Lawo !! Tundra Pwaɬasd !! Ngos
+! Proto-Central-Lahobic !! Łohof-aðá !! Sulutamilian Minwan !! Proto-Nayzehenyn !! Yełeshian Lawo
 |-
-! *lejeʕa "one" ( noeuva radiss: *jemibe > chl. emibe)
+! *jemibɨ <small>"one"</small>
-| leila || łêḇ || łö || łew || ła || le || li
+| emibe || ''*yempu'' || yew || empu || ''*imbo'' || im̃u
 |-
-! *doni "two"
+! *doni <small>"two"</small>
-| dani || don || tun || don || don || don || tan
+| dani || ''*doni'' || doy || dun || ''*done'' || dun
 |-
-! *pāmwi "three"
+! *pāmwəj <small>"three"</small>
-| pāmvi || pon || pong || pwang || pôŋ || bumb || puhm
+| pāmvi || ''*faŋi'' || feng || fen || ''*pɔŋ͡me'' || kpem̃
 |-
-! *nexɬəte "four"
+! *nexɬə(te) <small>"four"</small>
-| nęlte || nitł || nitł || neyłit || nitłiw || nakhɬě || newtɬɤ
+| nęlte || ''*netłet'' || nełe || netłe || ''*neetɬo'' || nitłu
 |-
-! *sjuŋko "five"
+! *sjuŋko <small>"five"</small>
-| šulka || sunk || sungk || sung || suŋ || ɬuhn || ɬuhn
+| šulka || ''*sunko'' || suk || sunku || ''*siŋka'' || sink
 |-
-! *weɬen "six"
+! *pāmujwā <small>"six"</small>
-| <small>''(tulūɂa)''</small> || witłi || witłi || leył || litłe || waɬěn || weɬɤn
+| <small>''(tulūɂa)''</small> || ''*famowá'' || fangwá || famwá || ''*pɔmewɔ́'' || kpengbé
 |-
-! *cʰīko "seven"
+! *cʰīko <small>"seven"</small>
-| chīka || šik || shik || šik || šik || kik || khik
+| chīka || ''*siko'' || sik || siku || ''*ʃika'' || šika
 |-
-! *tītijo "eight"
+! *tītijo <small>"eight"</small>
-| tītya || tič || shich || tsəš || siš || dide || tyete
+| tītya || ''*tiso'' || tis || sisun || ''*titʃa'' || tiš
 |-
-! *mawɟo "nine"
+! *mawɟo <small>"nine"</small>
-| moja || maḇuž || moch || mož || maš || mag || mok
+| moja || ''*mōlo'' || moð || munu || ''*mɔdʒa'' || mož
 |-
-! *tofaʕdo "ten"
+! *tofaʕdo <small>"ten"</small>
-| tålda || tof || tofuz || tos || tofs || toft || taf
+| tålda || ''*tofad'' || tof || tofa || ''*tafoda'' || tor
 |-
-! *wewʕeden "eleven"
+! *wewʕe-den <small>"eleven"</small>
-| vælden || vaḇi || woshi || loḏi || lade || waděn || wotɤn
+| vælden || ''*wālen'' || waðen || wane || ''*yɔwdin'' || wedin
 |-
-! *māmōwə "twelve"
+! *māmōwə ～ *nexɬəpāmwəj <small>"twelve"</small>
-| māmei || momuḇ || momü || mwamu || mômo || mumo || momo
+| māmei || ''*mamō'' || maw || mamu || ''*neetɬɔŋ͡me'' || nitłem̃
-|} -->
+|}
 ===Miscellaneous words===