Lahob languages: Difference between revisions

Line 678:

==Basic cognates==

===Numbers 1-12===

<!-- ===Numbers 1-12===

All Lahob languages have a duodecimal numeral system. Here are the numbers from 1 to 12 (1012) in some of them. Note that there is no common word for "zero" (most of them use the word for "nothing"; Chlouvānem has the Ancient Kūṣṛmāṭhi borrowing ''ajrā''). Also note that the word for six in Chlouvānem is a borrowing of unknown origin; there's no cognate left for *weɬen.

{| class="wikitable"

Line 686:

! Łaȟoḇeyšer !! Łokow !! Yełeshian Lawo !! Shershan Lawo !! Tundra Pwaɬasd !! Ngos

|-

! *lejeʕa "one" ~~~~

! *lejeʕa "one" ( noeuva radiss: *jemibe > chl. emibe)

| leila || łêḇ || łö || łew || ła || le || li

|-

Line 721:

! *māmōwə "twelve"

| māmei || momuḇ || momü || mwamu || mômo || mumo || momo

|}

|} -->

~~<!--~~ ===Miscellaneous words===

===Miscellaneous words===

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lahob !! rowspan=2 | Chlouvānem !! colspan=3 | Central Lahobic !! colspan=3 | ~~Pwaɬasd-Ngos~~

! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lahob !! rowspan=2 | [[Chlouvānem]] !! colspan=2 | Central Lahobic !! colspan=2 | Nayzehenyn

|-

! Proto-Central-Lahobic !! ~~Łaȟoḇeyšer !! Łokow~~ !! Proto-~~Pwaɬasd-Ngos !! Tundra Pwaɬasd~~ !! ~~Ngos~~

! Proto-Central-Lahobic !! Łohof-aðá !! Proto-Nayzehenyn !! Yełeshian Lawo

|-

! *~~gistoros~~ "~~young~~"

! *ŋōntrom "head"

| ~~giṣṭaras~~ || *~~gistor~~ || ~~hišor || kürt~~ || *~~kitɬ-ʀ || gitɬěr~~ || ~~kitɬor~~

| lāṇṭam || ''*ŋanto'' || ngat || ''*ŋ͡montra'' || m̃ontła

|-

! *~~frātos~~ "~~wind~~"

! *ʕiken, PL. *ʕewkjinɨ "arm(s)"

| ~~prātas~~ || *~~fɔrt~~ || ~~foš || fosh~~ || *~~pʂoot-ʀ || pɬuděr~~ || ~~ɬotor~~

| liken, læcin || ''*oken, *ēkin'' || ohen, ehin || ''*ekin, *yɔɔkyen'' || ekin, yokyen

|-

! *~~košərūs~~ "~~nice, beautiful~~"

! *√ʕiŋ- "to live"

| ~~kaṣrūs~~ || *~~koʃro~~ || ~~košor || kushor~~ || *~~kʰoruur || korur "small"~~ || ~~kharur "small"~~

| √lil- || ''*oŋ-'' || ang- || ''*eŋ͡m-'' || em̃-

|-

! *~~kājtros~~ "~~snow (normal)~~"

! *√gʷʱi-, "to take care of"

| ~~kaiṭas "snow"~~ || *~~kɛytro~~ || ~~čêč || shesher~~ || *~~kaaʂ~~-ʀ || ~~gar || koɬor~~

| √bhi- || ''*g͡bi-'' || gbi- || ''*g͡bi-'' || gbi-

|-

! *~~tarîson~~ "~~stripe~~"

! *mwerkos "black"

| ~~tarṣan~~ || *~~tarsən~~ || ~~tažn || tarsen~~ || *~~tarɯsn̥ || dorěhn~~ || ~~tarɤ~~

| murkas || ''*ŋero'' || ngel || ''*ŋ͡mereko'' || m̃ereku

|-

! *~~sṝvo~~ "~~cloth, sheet~~"

! *ɣuŋjā "moon"

| ~~sṝva "cloth, sheet; large expanse; vast territory"~~ || *~~sorov || šorḇ~~ || ~~shorw~~ || *~~saaw-ʀ || saur~~ || ~~sowor~~

| huliā || ''*ruyà'' || uyá || ''*guyyɔ́'' || ožwé

|-

! *~~sōwogən~~ "~~ditch, trench, moat~~"

! *gistoros "young"

| ~~sågna "underground"~~ || *~~sowgən~~ || ~~suḇ "burrow" || sükn "burrow"~~ || *~~soown || sun "hole"~~ || ~~son "hole"~~

| giṣṭaras || ''*kitoro'' || kitol || ''*yestor'' || ehtu

|-

! *~~kʷʰuwam~~ "~~non-forested land; steppe~~"

! *tāmiro "stone"

| ~~phuvam "uncultivated land"~~ || *~~ʍowa || huḇ~~ || ~~kwow~~ || *~~kʷʰuum |~~| ~~pum~~ |~~| wum "tundra; north"~~

| tāmira || ''*tamiro'' || tamil || ''*tomur'' || tom̃

|-

! *~~fārni~~ "~~side~~"

! *liŋkajnet "family"

| ~~pāṇi~~ || *~~fɔrn~~ || ~~fožin || fören~~ || *~~fooʂn̥ || fukhhn "back"~~ || ~~foɬ "back"~~

| — || ''*ɬikēnet'' || łihet || ''*ɬeŋkɛyni'' || łenkey

|-

! *~~ʕūdwen~~ "~~cover~~"

! *frātos "wind"

| ~~lūdven "roof"~~ || *~~áyerkin~~ || ~~ešin "coat, fur" || erčin "coat, fur"~~ || *~~ootwen || uɬwen "fur, skin"~~ || ~~otɬen "fur, skin"~~

| prātas || ''*fato'' || fat || ''*fwɔt'' || fuwe

|-

! *~~kʰomos~~ "sun"

! *xadono "sun"

| ~~khamas "hot (to the touch)" || *xom || ȟom || kom || *kʰoʀ || kor || khar "day"~~

| hånna || ''*rolon'' || oðon || ''*kalona'' || kano

|-

|}

~~! *kawŋədot "cereal"~~

~~| koldas "wheat" || *kawŋgot || kaḇog "rye" || kongut "rye" || *kaaŋɤt-ʀ "barley" || gaděr || kontor~~

|-

~~! *ʕāj(ə)sjeg "elbow"~~

~~| laišē || *ayʃeg || ešiž || eshik || *ooyʂk-ʀ || uyɬkěr || eyɬkor~~

|-

~~! *ɟuʕden "lung"~~

~~| julden || *dʒoo̯din || žudin || chotin || *kooten || kuden || koten~~

|-

~~! *ʕoŋjā "night"~~

~~| laliā || *aŋɔy || anô || angö || *ɤŋooʀ || ěnur || ɤnor~~

|-

~~! *ʕoŋla "next"~~

~~| lalla "high, upper, next" || *antɬa || atł || natł || *ɤn̥tɬ-ʀ || ěhntɬěr || hnɤtɬor~~

|-

~~! *lanisí "braid"~~

~~| lañši || *ɬiʃí || łiš "sausage" || łish "chain" || *liis-ʀ || lir || yesor~~

|-

~~! *gegriso "lake"~~

~~| gērisa || *gegris || hetłi || kitł || *kekʂiʂ-ʀ || geɬir || kesiɬor~~

|-

~~! *jegarom "stomach"~~

~~| egåram || *yegor || ihor "belly" || ügür "belly" || *yikarm || igom || yekam~~

|-

~~! *tūlum "worm"~~

~~| tūlum || *toɬ || toł || toł || *tuulm || duɬěm || tum~~

|-

~~! *doŋawja "flint, silex"~~

~~| daloya || *doŋew || donv || tongew || *toŋaayʀ || donayr || taler~~

|-

~~! *dərónək "man"~~

~~| dralkam || *droŋk || žonk || tronk || *tɤruuk-ʀ || děɬkěr || tɤrukor~~

|-

~~! *dʱāno "hand"~~

~~| dhāna || *ðɔn || von || zon~~ || *~~tʰoon~~ || ~~tun~~ || ~~non~~

|-

! *~~tsuŋjeg "hunting companion"~~

~~| — |~~| *tsuŋedʒ |~~| sunž || sünch || *tʃuŋik-ʀ || ćungěr || čunikor~~

|-

~~! *√tɬewkj-o- "to grow (intr.)"~~

| √chlæc-a- "to grow (trans.), cultivate" || *tɬewtɬ (< **tɬewtʃ) || tłeḇt "field, plot" || tłötł "field, plot" || *tɬootʃ-ʀ || tɬućěr || tɬočor "seed"

|} ~~-->~~

==Notes==

@@ Line 678: / Line 678: @@
 ==Basic cognates==
-===Numbers 1-12===
+<!-- ===Numbers 1-12===
 All Lahob languages have a duodecimal numeral system. Here are the numbers from 1 to 12 (10<sub>12</sub>) in some of them. Note that there is no common word for "zero" (most of them use the word for "nothing"; Chlouvānem has the Ancient Kūṣṛmāṭhi borrowing ''ajrā''). Also note that the word for six in Chlouvānem is a borrowing of unknown origin; there's no cognate left for *weɬen.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 686: / Line 686: @@
 ! Łaȟoḇeyšer !! Łokow !! Yełeshian Lawo !! Shershan Lawo !! Tundra Pwaɬasd !! Ngos
 |-
-! *lejeʕa "one" <!-- noeuva radiss: *jemibe > chl. emibe -->
+! *lejeʕa "one" ( noeuva radiss: *jemibe > chl. emibe)
 | leila || łêḇ || łö || łew || ła || le || li
 |-
@@ Line 721: / Line 721: @@
 ! *māmōwə "twelve"
 | māmei || momuḇ || momü || mwamu || mômo || mumo || momo
-|}
+|} -->
-<!-- ===Miscellaneous words===
+===Miscellaneous words===
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lahob !! rowspan=2 | Chlouvānem !! colspan=3 | Central Lahobic !! colspan=3 | Pwaɬasd-Ngos
+! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lahob !! rowspan=2 | [[Chlouvānem]] !! colspan=2 | Central Lahobic !! colspan=2 | Nayzehenyn
 |-
-! Proto-Central-Lahobic !! Łaȟoḇeyšer !! Łokow !! Proto-Pwaɬasd-Ngos !! Tundra Pwaɬasd !! Ngos
+! Proto-Central-Lahobic !! Łohof-aðá !! Proto-Nayzehenyn !! Yełeshian Lawo
 |-
-! *gistoros <small>"young"</small>
+! *ŋōntrom <small>"head"</small>
-| giṣṭaras || *gistor || hišor || kürt || *kitɬ-ʀ || gitɬěr || kitɬor
+| lāṇṭam || ''*ŋanto'' || ngat || ''*ŋ͡montra'' || m̃ontła
 |-
-! *frātos <small>"wind"</small>
+! *ʕiken, <small>PL.</small> *ʕewkjinɨ<br/><small>"arm(s)"</small>
-| prātas || *fɔrt || foš || fosh || *pʂoot-ʀ || pɬuděr || ɬotor
+| liken, læcin || ''*oken, *ēkin'' || ohen, ehin || ''*ekin, *yɔɔkyen'' || ekin, yokyen
 |-
-! *košərūs <small>"nice, beautiful"</small>
+! *√ʕiŋ- <small>"to live"</small>
-| kaṣrūs || *koʃro || košor || kushor || *kʰoruur || korur <small>"small"</small> || kharur <small>"small"</small>
+| √lil- || ''*oŋ-'' || ang- || ''*eŋ͡m-'' || em̃-
 |-
-! *kājtros <small>"snow (normal)"</small>
+! *√gʷʱi-, <small>"to take care of"</small>
-| kaiṭas <small>"snow"</small> || *kɛytro || čêč || shesher || *kaaʂ-ʀ || gar || koɬor
+| √bhi- || ''*g͡bi-'' || gbi- || ''*g͡bi-'' || gbi-
 |-
-! *tarîson <small>"stripe"</small>
+! *mwerkos <small>"black"</small>
-| tarṣan || *tarsən || tažn || tarsen || *tarɯsn̥ || dorěhn || tarɤ
+| murkas || ''*ŋero'' || ngel || ''*ŋ͡mereko'' || m̃ereku
 |-
-! *sṝvo <small>"cloth, sheet"</small>
+! *ɣuŋjā <small>"moon"</small>
-| sṝva <br/><small>"cloth, sheet; large expanse; vast territory"</small> || *sorov || šorḇ || shorw || *saaw-ʀ || saur || sowor
+| huliā || ''*ruyà'' || uyá || ''*guyyɔ́'' || ožwé
 |-
-! *sōwogən <small>"ditch, trench, moat"</small>
+! *gistoros <small>"young"</small>
-| sågna <small>"underground"</small> || *sowgən || suḇ <small>"burrow"</small> || sükn <small>"burrow"</small> || *soown || sun <small>"hole"</small> || son <small>"hole"</small>
+| giṣṭaras || ''*kitoro'' || kitol || ''*yestor'' || ehtu
 |-
-! *kʷʰuwam <small>"non-forested land; steppe"</small>
+! *tāmiro <small>"stone"</small>
-| phuvam <small>"uncultivated land"</small> || *ʍowa || huḇ || kwow || *kʷʰuum || pum || wum <small>"tundra; north"</small>
+| tāmira || ''*tamiro'' || tamil || ''*tomur'' || tom̃
 |-
-! *fārni <small>"side"</small>
+! *liŋkajnet <small>"family"</small>
-| pāṇi || *fɔrn || fožin || fören || *fooʂn̥ || fukhhn <small>"back"</small> || foɬ <small>"back"</small>
+| — || ''*ɬikēnet'' || łihet || ''*ɬeŋkɛyni'' || łenkey
 |-
-! *ʕūdwen <small>"cover"</small>
+! *frātos <small>"wind"</small>
-| lūdven <small>"roof"</small> || *áyerkin || ešin <small>"coat, fur"</small> || erčin <small>"coat, fur"</small> || *ootwen || uɬwen <small>"fur, skin"</small> || otɬen <small>"fur, skin"</small>
+| prātas || ''*fato'' || fat || ''*fwɔt'' || fuwe
 |-
-! *kʰomos <small>"sun"</small>
+! *xadono <small>"sun"</small>
-| khamas <small>"hot (to the touch)"</small> || *xom || ȟom || kom || *kʰoʀ || kor || khar <small>"day"</small>
+| hånna || ''*rolon'' || oðon || ''*kalona'' || kano
-|-
+|}
-! *kawŋədot <small>"cereal"</small>
-| koldas <small>"wheat"</small> || *kawŋgot || kaḇog <small>"rye"</small> || kongut <small>"rye"</small> || *kaaŋɤt-ʀ <small>"barley"</small> || gaděr || kontor
-|-
-! *ʕāj(ə)sjeg <small>"elbow"</small>
-| laišē || *ayʃeg || ešiž || eshik || *ooyʂk-ʀ || uyɬkěr || eyɬkor
-|-
-! *ɟuʕden <small>"lung"</small>
-| julden || *dʒoo̯din || žudin || chotin || *kooten || kuden || koten
-|-
-! *ʕoŋjā <small>"night"</small>
-| laliā || *aŋɔy || anô || angö || *ɤŋooʀ || ěnur || ɤnor
-|-
-! *ʕoŋla <small>"next"</small>
-| lalla <small>"high, upper, next"</small> || *antɬa || atł || natł || *ɤn̥tɬ-ʀ || ěhntɬěr || hnɤtɬor
-|-
-! *lanisí <small>"braid"</small>
-| lañši || *ɬiʃí || łiš <small>"sausage"</small> || łish <small>"chain"</small> || *liis-ʀ || lir || yesor
-|-
-! *gegriso <small>"lake"</small>
-| gērisa || *gegris || hetłi || kitł || *kekʂiʂ-ʀ || geɬir || kesiɬor
-|-
-! *jegarom <small>"stomach"</small>
-| egåram || *yegor || ihor <small>"belly"</small> || ügür <small>"belly"</small> || *yikarm || igom || yekam
-|-
-! *tūlum <small>"worm"</small>
-| tūlum || *toɬ || toł || toł || *tuulm || duɬěm || tum
-|-
-! *doŋawja <small>"flint, silex"</small>
-| daloya || *doŋew || donv || tongew || *toŋaayʀ || donayr || taler
-|-
-! *dərónək <small>"man"</small>
-| dralkam || *droŋk || žonk || tronk || *tɤruuk-ʀ || děɬkěr || tɤrukor
-|-
-! *dʱāno <small>"hand"</small>
-| dhāna || *ðɔn || von || zon || *tʰoon || tun || non
-|-
-! *tsuŋjeg <small>"hunting companion"</small>
-| — || *tsuŋedʒ || sunž || sünch || *tʃuŋik-ʀ || ćungěr || čunikor
-|-
-! *√tɬewkj-o- <small>"to grow (intr.)"</small>
-| √chlæc-a- <small>"to grow (trans.), cultivate"</small> || *tɬewtɬ <small>(< **tɬewtʃ</small>) || tłeḇt <small>"field, plot"</small> || tłötł <small>"field, plot"</small> || *tɬootʃ-ʀ || tɬućěr || tɬočor <small>"seed"</small>
-|} -->
 ==Notes==