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| [[Tsrovesh/Lexicon]] | | {{Infobox language |
| | |image = |
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| | |creator = |
| | |name = {{SUBPAGENAME}} |
| | |nativename = ''Bri<sup>B2-</sup> dreabh<sup>C0+</sup>'' |
| | |pronunciation= |
| | |setting = [[Verse:Mwail]] |
| | |region = |
| | |familycolor=hmong-mien |
| | |fam1=[[Verse:Mwail/Keric languages|Keric]] |
| | |iso3= |
| | |official= |
| | |notice=IPA |
| | }} |
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| '''Tsrovesh''' (''croveš'') is a language of Southern Etalocin, inspired by Hebrew and Georgian. | | '''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (Standard Bri: ''Bri<sup>B2-</sup> dreabh<sup>C0+</sup>'' /ʙʲi<sup>B2-</sup> r̝aw<sup>C0+</sup>/) was the classical language of Mwail British Isles, belonging to the Keric family. By the year 4000, Bri served exclusively as a religious, ceremonial, and poetic language rather than a spoken one; it was a monosyllabic tonal language, with 24 tones realized via 24 different cantillation melodies. |
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| Most [[Verse:Tricin|Trician]] linguists classify it as an isolate.
| | The native Bri script is a right-to-left logography (lines of text go from up to down). |
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| <!--
| | == Phonology of Standard Bri == |
| | This describes the phonology taught as Standard Bri in the late 4th millennium. (It could be thought of as analogous to Tiberian Hebrew in the history of Hebrew.) |
| | === Initials === |
| | (The first member of each pair indicates a broad initial, the second a slender one) |
| | * Null: '''0''' /ʔ j/ |
| | * Stops: '''b''' /pˠ pʲ/ '''d''' /t̪ˠ tʲ/ '''g''' /k kʲ/ |
| | * Trills: '''br''' /ʙˠ ʙʲ/ '''dr''' /rˠ r̝/ '''gr''' /ʀ ʀʲ/ |
| | * Nasals: '''m''' /mˠ mʲ/ '''n''' /n̪ˠ nʲ/ '''ng''' /ŋ ŋʲ/ |
| | * Nasal trills: '''mbr''' /ⁿʙˠ ⁿʙʲ/ '''ndr''' /ⁿrˠ ⁿr̝/ '''ngr''' /ⁿʀ ⁿʀʲ/ |
| | * Approximants: '''zh''' /ɻ ʐ/ |
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| This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
| | === Rimes === |
| | Nuclei: /a e i o u ə/ '''a/ea ae/e aoi/i o/eo u/iu w/iw''' (The first member of each pair indicates a broad initial, the second a slender one) |
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| I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
| | Finals: 0 '''bh dh gh''' /0 w ð{{lowered}}ˠ j/ |
| II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
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| III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
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| | === Tones === |
| ==Introduction== | | The following lists the native names of the 24 tones/cantillation tropes: |
| | | {| class="wikitable" |
| <!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
| | |+Native names of tones |
| | | !|Proto-Keric initial phonation |
| <!-- Example categories/headings:
| | !|Deuterechesis |
| | | !A (null or resonant coda) |
| Goals
| | !B (glottal stop coda) |
| Setting
| | !C (fricative coda) |
| Inspiration
| | !D (voiceless stop coda) |
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| -->
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| <!-- ***Phonology*** -->
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| <!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
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| <!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
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| Vowel inventory
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| Consonant inventory
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| Syllable structure
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| Stress
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| Intonation
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| -->
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| ==Phonology==
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| ===Orthography===
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| Tsrovesh is most commonly written with the Clofabic alphabet.
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| ===Consonants===
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;" | |
| ! colspan="2" |
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| ! |Labial | |
| ! |Dental | |
| ! |Palatal | |
| ! |Velar | |
| ! |Glottal | |
| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal | |
| | '''m''' /m/
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| | '''n''' /n/
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| | [ŋ]
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| |- | | |- |
| ! rowspan="2" |Plosive | | !rowspan=2|Glottalized (0) |
| ! |<small>voiceless</small> | | !| Voiceless (-) |
| | '''p''' /p/ | | | ''dridh<sup>A0-</sup>'' |
| | '''t''' /t/ | | | ''bae<sup>B0-</sup>'' |
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| | | ''zhea<sup>C0-</sup>'' |
| | '''k''' /k/ | | | ''gogh<sup>D0-</sup>'' |
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| |- | | |- |
| ! |<small>voiced</small> | | !| Voiced (+) |
| | '''b''' /b/ | | | ''mbraoi<sup>A0+</sup>'' |
| | '''d''' /d/ | | | ''driwdh<sup>B0+</sup>'' |
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| | | ''ndreo<sup>C0+</sup>'' |
| | '''g''' /g/ | | | ''dwgh<sup>D0+</sup>'' |
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| |- | | |- |
| ! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative | | !rowspan=2|Modal (1) |
| ! |<small>voiceless</small> | | !| Voiceless (-) |
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| | | ''eodh<sup>A1-</sup>'' |
| | '''s''' /s/
| | | ''aoidh<sup>B1-</sup>'' |
| | '''š''' /ʃ/ | | | ''zhiu<sup>C1-</sup>'' |
| | '''x''' /x/ | | | ''grugh<sup>D1-</sup>'' |
| | '''h''' /h/ | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! |<small>voiced</small> | | !| Voiced (+) |
| | '''v''' /v/
| | | ''mea<sup>A1+</sup>'' |
| | '''z''' /z/ | | | ''zhobh<sup>B1+</sup>'' |
| | '''ž''' /ʒ/ | | | ''nebh<sup>C1+</sup>'' |
| | '''r''' /ɣ/ | | | ''gaedh<sup>D1+</sup>'' |
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| |- | | |- |
| ! rowspan="2" style="" |Affricate | | !rowspan=2|Breathy (2) |
| ! |<small>voiceless</small> | | !| Voiceless (-) |
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| | | ''gw<sup>A2-</sup>'' |
| | '''c''' /ts/ | | | ''bragh<sup>B2-</sup>'' |
| | '''č''' /tʃ/ | | | ''dre<sup>C2-</sup>'' |
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| | | ''dabh<sup>D2-</sup>'' |
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| |- | | |- |
| ! |<small>voiced</small> | | !| Voiced (+) |
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| | | ''ngeadh<sup>A2+</sup>'' |
| | '''dz''' /dz/
| | | ''begh<sup>B2+</sup>'' |
| | '''dž''' /dʒ/ | | | ''gaoibh<sup>C2+</sup>'' |
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| | | ''ndredh<sup>D2+</sup>'' |
| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
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| | '''l''' /l/ | |
| | '''y''' /j/ | |
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| |} | | |} |
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| ===Vowels=== | | ==== Notes on terminology ==== |
| | | Standard Bri has undergone three tone splits (or tonogeneses if one would view it that way): |
| The vowels are the same as in Israeli Hebrew or Georgian.
| | # The first tone split (no tone to 3 tones) was based on Proto-Bri initial phonation which was largely predictable from the Proto-Ker initial phonation. |
| | | # The second tone split (3 tones to 12 tones) was based on Proto-Ker final type. |
| ===Prosody===
| | # The third tone split (12 tones to 24 tones) was based on the initial phonation distinction that had arisen after prenasalized initials became voiced ones. |
| ====Stress====
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| ====Intonation====
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| ===Phonotactics===
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| Tsrovesh phonology is slightly less restrictive than Israeli Hebrew but much more so than Georgian. As in both languages, initial consonant clusters appear frequently in Tsrovesh, for example:
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| * ''Croveš'' (the name of the language)
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| * ''ldag'' (door)
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| * ''šmer'' (man)
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| * ''cnaxat'' (dream)
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| * ''gzin'' (to shine)
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| * ''vlo'' (to live)
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| * ''lvar'' (to play)
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| * ''tmežov'' (to find)
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| * ''tkešet'' (regardless)
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| * ''švili'' (for me)
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| Medial consonant clusters are also common:
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| * ''ertma'' (spider)
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| * ''detkvisi'' (limestone)
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| * ''opxram'' (reed)
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| Final clusters are prohibited, however.
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| ===Morphophonology===
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| ==Morphology==
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| ===Nouns===
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| Nouns have 6 cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental, and locative.
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| ===Verbs===
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| The present, past and future tenses are ''be-'', ''ki-'' and ''sa-'' respectively. The present tense is also used as a timeless tense.
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| '''''Kimezhov ma-shmer la-detkvisi.'''''
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| PAST-find NOM.DEF-man ACC.DEF limestone
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| ''The man who found the limestone.''
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| Verbs do not inflect for person but they do inflect for number (except for the copula): the plural suffix is ''-eba''.
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| The negative suffix is ''-tso'', and when fused with the plural it becomes ''-sia''. The negative form of the copula is ''tso'', which is the same in the plural.
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| Participial forms are used in the perfect and progressive aspects.
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| ==Syntax==
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| ===Constituent order===
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| Tsrovesh sentence structure is VSO and head-final, except for complementizer phrases and prepositional phrases. Tsrovesh is not zero-copula; the word for 'to live' is used as a copula. Word order is strict, and topicalization occurs with the suffix ''-eti''.
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| ===Noun phrase===
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| The adjective comes before the noun in Tsrovesh: | |
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| ''ha udvanit ertma'' = the happy spider
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| (udvanit = happy, ertma = spider) | |
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| But relative clauses are placed after the noun:
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| ''ertma, li-ves ha-shmer kikhaven'' = spider who the man killed
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| ===Verb phrase===
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| ===Sentence phrase===
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| ====Conjunctions====
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| ''et'' = and
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| ===Dependent clauses===
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| <!-- etc. etc. -->
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| ==Numbers==
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| azar, kin, tvagi, lutsmi, chorti, mevti, ushkni, voherbi, adorgi, ktela, ktela azareb, ktela kineb, ktela tvagib, ktela lutsmib, ...
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| 20 = ktela mekin
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| ==Example texts==
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| <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
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| <!-- Template area -->
| | In English, we have chosen to term the initial phonation that conditioned the second initial phonation-based tone split (which caused Bri to double its number of tones from a 12-tone stage) as ''deuterechesis'' (from Greek δεύτερος 'second' + ἤχησις 'sounding', because the latter word uses the root Greek uses for 'voiced' and 'voiceless' as in voiced and voiceless stops). For deuterechesis, voiceless consonants are denoted - and voiced ones are denoted +. |
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| [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
| | == Grammar == |
| [[Category:Languages]]
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| [[Category:Tricin]]
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