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Λαι βαζήα: ἱναι, πάζι ιντυκόσον θαλόςκαι δαώνι,
Λαι βαζήα: ἱναι, πάζι ιντυκόσον θαλόςκαι δαώνι,


λαι πας μαπαιλώ ήια λαι βυλόνι λαι θαυίσι
λαι παςμα παιλώ ήια λαι βυλόνι λαι θαυίσι


– ἱα μαζήυα πασθαδάς.
– ἱα μαζήυα πασθαδάς.
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''– ναι Παιναζόυθαι Άωβύαἰ, Υλόψα θόυρροξ''
''– ναι Παιναζόυθαι Άωβύαἰ, Υλόψα θόυρροξ''


=== Transliteration ===
=== Transliteration ===
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''– nai Painazóųthai Aōbyai, Ylópsa Thóųrrhox''
''– nai Painazóųthai Aōbýai, Ylópsa Thóųrrhox''




Line 44: Line 45:


== Gloss ==
== Gloss ==
{| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center; margin:auto;"
  |+ Line #1
  |+ Line #1
  |- <!-- Nυσσα -->
  |- <!-- Nυσσα -->
Line 58: Line 59:
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center; margin:auto;"
  |+ Line #2
  |+ Line #2
  |- <!-- Nυσσα -->
  |- <!-- Nυσσα -->
Line 72: Line 73:
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center; margin:auto;"
  |+ Line #2
  |+ Line #3
  |- <!-- Nυσσα -->
  |- <!-- Nυσσα -->
  | Λαι || βαζήα: || ἱναι, || πάζι || ιντυκόσον || θαλόςκαι || δαώνι,
  | Λαι || βαζήα: || ἱναι, || πάζι || ιντυκόσον || θαλόςκαι || δαώνι,
Line 81: Line 82:
  | /lε || ba'ze.a || 'hinε || 'pazi || inty'koson || θa'loskε || d(a)'o:ni/
  | /lε || ba'ze.a || 'hinε || 'pazi || inty'koson || θa'loskε || d(a)'o:ni/
  |-
  |-
  | Lai || bazḗ-a:        || hí-nai⇇, || pázi  || in-tykós-on || thalós-kai← || ←daṓn-i,
  | Lai || bazḗ-a:        || hí-nai⇇, || pázi  || in-tykós-on || thalóz̊-kai← || ←daṓn-i,
|-
| and || understand-PAT: || 3s-GEN⇇, || future || PERF-(grow/sprout)-LOC || fallowland-ACT← || ←leaf-PL,
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center; margin:auto;"
|+ Line #4
|- <!-- Nυσσα -->
| λαι || παςμα || παιλώ || ήια || λαι || βυλόνι || λαι || θαυίσι:
|- <!-- Nyssa -->
| lai || pai̧ma || pailṓ  || ḗia || lai || bylóni || lai || thavísi:
|- <!-- /nys:a/ -->
| /lε || paj̊ma || pε'lo: || i:.a || lε || by'loni || lε || θa'viz̊i/
|-
| lai || pai̧-ma    || pailṓ  || ḗi-a || lai || bylón-i || lai || thavís-i:
  |-
  |-
  | and || understand-PAT: || 3s-GEN    || future || PERF-(grow/sprout)-LOC || fallowland-ACT← || ←leaf-PL,
  | and || like-STAT← || ←go || sun-PL₂ || and || moon-PL || and || year-PL
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center; margin:auto;"
  |+ Line #2
  |+ Line #5
|- <!-- Nυσσα -->
| – ἱα || μαζήυα || πασθαδάς.
|- <!-- Nyssa -->
| – hía || mazḗva || pai̧thadás.
|- <!-- /nys:a/ -->
| /'hi.a || ma'zeva  || paj̊θa'daz̊/
|-
| – hía  || ma-zḗva || pai̧-thadás
|-
| – 3s || STAT-breath || like-long_ago
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center; margin:auto;"
|+ Line #6
  |- <!-- Nυσσα -->
  |- <!-- Nυσσα -->
  | λαι πας μαπαιλώ ήια λαι βυλόνι λαι θαυίσι
  | ''– ναι'' || ''Παιναζόυθαι'' || ''Άωβύαἰ'', ||  ''Υλόψα'' || ''θόυρροξ''
  |- <!-- Nyssa -->
  |- <!-- Nyssa -->
  | lai pai̧ma pailṓ ēia lai bylóni lai thavísi:
  | ''– nai'' || ''Painazóųthai'' || ''Aōbýai, '' ||  ''Ylópsa'' || ''Thóųrrhox''
  |- <!-- /nys:a/ -->
  |- <!-- /nys:a/ -->
  | /'paxa || 'yðεj̊mε || a'θaj̊se/
  | /nai/ || /pεna'zuthε/ || /(a).ō'by.ε/, || /y'lopsa/ || /'θur:oks/
  |-
  |-
  | pácha   || ýdei̧-mai← || ←athái̧-sē.
  | nai←   || ←Pai-nazón-thai←        || ←Aō-býas-i  || Ylópsa || Thóųrrhox
  |-
  |-
  | despite || later-STAT← || ←die-1p.INCL
  | GEN← || ←CAUS-(tame/familiar)-PAT← || ←dog-wild-PL ||colspan=2| [personal name]
|}
|}
λαι πας μαπαιλώ ήια λαι βυλόνι λαι θαυίσι
– ἱα μαζήυα πασθαδάς.
''– ναι Παιναζόυθαι Άωβύαἰ, Υλόψα θόυρροξ''


lai pai̧ma pailṓ ēia lai bylóni lai thavísi:
== Gloss-glossary ==
hía mazḗva pai̧thadás.
:'''ACT''' – actor
''– nai Painazóųthai Aōbyai, Ylópsa Thóųrrhox''
:'''CAUS''' – causative
:'''GEN''' – genitive
:'''INCL''' – inclusive
:'''LOC''' – locative
:'''PAT''' – patient
:'''(PATfoc)''' – patient focus
:'''PERF''' – perfective
:'''PL''' – plural
:'''PL₂''' – plural #2 (used mostly where the normal plural doesn't make phonetic sense)
:'''STAT''' – stative
 
== Grammar notes ==
While the above gloss should go a long way towards familiarising foreigners with the Nessanese language, some important things to note include:
* There is little clear distinction between verbs and nouns morphologically speaking.
:: ''painazón = tame smthing; one who tames''
:* An exception: a(n)- is generally a clear verb marker as it marks transitivity.
* Word order tends to be VSO (the syntactic pivot tends to follow the verb).
* The verb, or noun in its role, will focus one of its arguments. This makes that argument the syntactic pivot.
* The syntactic pivot (subject)'s case is generally unmarked.
* Modifiers ''follow'' their heads.
:: ''aō-býas = dog-wild = a wild dog''.
* Noun cases are generally preposed or prefixed, ''but'' they can be joined onto the preceding word. This can be for 3 reasons:
:* Phonology: because the preceding word is more likely to be phonologically affected by the following consononant, e.g.: ''painazón thai-aōbýas ⇒ painazóų thai-aōbýas ⇒ painazóųthai aōbýas'',
:* Semantics: because the speaker is attempting to indicate some sort of special relationship between the phrases,
:* Style: because the speaker felt like it.
:: This is an optional process.
 
=== Pass the Particle Parcel ===
The latter "particle passing" is indicated with arrows. For example, ''later-STAT← ←die-1p.INCL'' indicates that the STAT particle has been given to ''later'' by ''die''; the prefix ultimately applies to ''die'' though. And finally, ''⇇'' indicates that a particle applies to an entire clause.


=== Infinitives and Imperatives ===
A verb phrase that is an argument to another verb (e.g., I want to '''eat''') may focus patients instead of the actor. The patient voice is also often used for imperatives.
=== Noun cases and Verb focus ===
The language has the following noun cases:
* '''Actor''' – kai-
* '''Patient''' – thai-
* '''Locative''' – -on
* '''Oblique''' – ho-
* '''Instrumental''' – (h)e-


The correlate with the following focus/voice affixes verbs use:
* '''Actor''' – a(n)- (transitive), mai- (stative or active)
* '''Patient''' – -a, -en-
* '''Locative''' – -on
* '''Oblique''' – -i
* '''Instrumental''' – (h)e-


=== Other verbal particles ===
* pai- is a causative marker.
* The perfective aspect particle is ''-(i)n-'', which goes after any other prefixes and before the root.


== Gloss ==
== Gloss (OLD: DO NOT INCLUDE) ==




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Lai bazḗa: hínai, pázi intykóson thalóskai daóni, lai pai̧ma pailṓ ēia lai bylóni lai thavísi: híama zḗva pai̧thadás.
Lai bazḗa: hínai, pázi intykóson thalóskai daóni, lai pai̧ma pailṓ ēia lai bylóni lai thavísi: híama zḗva pai̧thadás.


daóni > dōni?
daóni > dōni? (Pailo < paNaw)


Ēthái̧pē painenónąsē pai̧ chyíllē henoų́sē kaipḗ, pácha ýdei̧ maiathái̧sē.
Ēthái̧pē painenónąsē pai̧ chyíllē henoų́sē kaipḗ, pácha ýdei̧ maiathái̧sē.
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