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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ('''PTD''') is the common ancestor to the [[Tie–Dye languages]]. The phonology is based on Australian/Tamil.
[[Sacred Swuntsim/Swadesh list]]
 
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''tiSxwəncim'') was the ancient [[Tsimulh languages|Tsimulh language]] spoken by the Swuntsim people. It is still used as a liturgical language among [[Verse:Tricin/Swuntsim people|religious Swuntsim]].
 
Descendants:
*Modern [[Swuntsim]]
*Naquian Swuntsim
==GMP==
Tsimulh low tone > breathy voice (vowels not devoiced yet; devoiced vowels are partly merged)
 
Two consecutive breathy vowels > just the first vowel drops.
 
Satemization
 
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Phonotactics===
Sacred Swuntsim lost Proto-Tsimulh tones.
Every syllable must be CV except possibly the final syllable which can be CVC. Non-initial and non-final consonants can be geminates.
===Consonants===


===Consonants===
{| class="bluetable" style=text-align:center
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
|-style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|  
! colspan="2"|  
!rowspan=2| Bilabial
! | Labial
!colspan=2| Alveolar
! | Dental
!rowspan=2| Palatal
! | Retroflex
!colspan=2| Velar
! | Palatal
!colspan=2| Uvular
! | Velar
!rowspan=2| Glottal
! | Uvular
|-
! <small>central</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>labialized</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>labialized</small>
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
!colspan=2| Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| m
| '''n''' /n/
| n
| '''rn''' /ɳ/
|  
| '''ny''' /ɲ/
|  
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
|  
|
|
|
|  
|  
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
!rowspan=3| Stop
! | <small>plain</small>
! <small>plain</small>
| '''p''' /p/
| p
| '''t''' /t/
| t
| '''rt''' /ʈ/
|  
| '''tj''' /c/
|  
| '''k''' /k/
| k
| '''q''' /q/
| kw
|
|
| ʔ
|-
|-
! | <small>prenasalized</small>
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''mp''' /ᵐp/
| b
| '''nt''' /ⁿt/
| d
| '''rnt''' /ᶯʈ/
|  
| '''ntj''' /ᶮc/
| '''nk''' /ᵑk/
| '''nq''' /ᶰq/
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill
|  
|  
| '''rr''' /r/
| g
| gw
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| '''ʀ''' /ʀ/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Approximant
! <small>ejective</small>
! | <small>central</small>
| pʼ
| tʼ
|
|  
|  
|colspan="2"| '''r''' /ɹ~ɻ/
| kʼ
| '''y''' /j/
| kwʼ
| '''w''' /w/
| qʼ
| qwʼ
|  
|  
|-
|-
! | <small>lateral</small>
!rowspan=3| Affricate
! <small>plain</small>
|
| c
| ξ
| č
|
|
|
|  
|  
| '''l''' /l/
| '''rl''' /ɭ/
| '''ly''' /ʎ/
| '''ʟ''' /ʟ/
|  
|  
|}
===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "| &nbsp;
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
! <small>voiced</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|  
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| z
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| j
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|
|
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
! style="" |Close
! <small>ejective</small>
| '''i''' /i/
| '''ii''' /iː/
|  
|  
| cʼ
| ξʼ
| čʼ
|  
|  
| '''u''' /u/
| '''uu''' /uː/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e''' /e/
| '''ee''' /eː/
|  
|  
|  
|  
| '''o''' /o/
| '''oo''' /oː/
|-
! style="" |Open
|  
|  
|  
|  
| '''a''' /a/
|-
| '''aa''' /aː/
!colspan=2| Fricative
|
| s
| σ
| š
|  
|  
| xw
| χ
| χw
| h
|-
!colspan=2| Approximant
|
|
|  
|  
| y
|
| w
| ȝ
| ȝw
|
|}
|}


Diphthongs: '''ai au''' /ai au/
===Vowels===
Clear vowels: ''i u ə a''
 
==Grammar==
Noun class system got weird - formal noun classes remain but the words semantically shift as in Sanskrit
 
===Nouns===
====Noun classes====
Sacred Swuntsim had a noun class system like the Bantu languages. There were 12 noun classes, which are numbered as follows:
#''ʔə-'', pl. ''cə-''
#''bu-'', pl. ''də-''
#''p-'', pl. ''əpi-''
#''s-'', pl. ''dus-''
#''ut-'', pl. ''pσə-''
#''ma-'', pl. ''əwə-''
#''č-'', pl. ''abi-''
#''gu-'', pl. ''N-''
#''σi-'', pl. ''wi-''
#''t-''
#''t’im-''
#''pda-''
 
====Cases====
*Nominative: ''-0''
*Genitive: ''-s''
 
===Verbs===
====Noun class prefixes====
*I = ''kwə-/kw-''
*you (sg) = ''xwə-/xw-''
*we = ''wə-''
*you (pl) = ''cu-''
*Noun class prefixes:
*#''ʔə-'', pl. ''cə-/c-''
*#''bu-'', pl. ''də-/d-''
*#''p-'', pl. ''əpi-/əp-''
*#''s-'', pl. ''dus-''
*#''ut-'', pl. ''pσə-/pσ-''
*#''ma-/mə-'', pl. ''əwə-/u-''
*#''k-/č-'', pl. ''abi-/əb-''
*#''gu-'', pl. ''N-''
*#''σi-/σ-'', pl. ''wi-''
*#''ti-/t-'', no plural
*#''t’im-'', no plural
*#''pda-/pdə-'' (common for abstract nouns), no plural


===Basic words===
====Tense affixes====
*"I": ''nkuurta''
''-s'' - past tense
*"thou": ''ungu''
===Numbers===
*"that": ''mpa''
[[Category:Tsimulh languages|*]]
*1: ''tjana'' > WbCl ''ßan''
*2: ''ayirr'' > WbCl ''eir''
*3: ''qapuurtu''
*4: ''nyaantju''
*5: ''tjengur''
*6: ''rtakiintu''
*7: ''ntaiqu''
*8: ''qanuwat''
*9: ''ngiyarntu''
*10: ''tjuraatu''
*"tree": ''ntjaati''
*"stone": ''parlarru''
*"child": ''ntaraalgu''
[[Category:Proto-Tie–Dye]][[Category:Tie–Dye languages|*]][[Category:Proto-languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Old_Swuntsim"