Umbrean: Difference between revisions

m Direction: AWB, replaced: {{cd| → {{term| (18)
 
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''Negation'':
''Negation'':


Negation is done though the VAT vowel, it changes from the +, positive or affirmative coloumn, to the -, negative or negation coloumn of the same sort along with agreeing like the vowel normally is.
Negation is done though the VAT vowel, it changes from the +, positive or affirmative coloumn, to the -, negative or negation coloumn of the same sort along with agreeing like the vowel normally is, along with a suffix prior to it. -ŋ- prior to the VAT vowel, unless the final consonant prior is plosive velar, k or g, in which it is -m- instead.


:{| {{style|center}}
:{| {{style|center}}
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And thirdly they are used to modify the verb in the phrase.
And thirdly they are used to modify the verb in the phrase.


To get the subject or object back into the clause one uses the Postpositions Kwë and Tlë, both highly irregular, before the participle with the noun in their proper case.
To get the subject or object back into the clause one simply puts the noun infront of the participle in postpositional case, similar to "The '''man''' eating woman".


Active voice cannot be used in participles.
Active voice cannot be used in participles.
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''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Gerund|Examples]]''
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Gerund|Examples]]''
===Infinitives===


===Modal Forms===
===Modal Forms===
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<sup>1</sup> vowels are omitable if the phonotactic allows it
<sup>1</sup> vowels are omitable if the phonotactic allows it
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Modal Verbs|Examples]]''


===Sequence of tenses===
===Sequence of tenses===
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| y-uu-o
| y-uu-o
|}
|}
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Declension|Examples]]''


===Possession===
===Possession===
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Inalienable possession refer to possession that is static through time, your arm will always be your arm, parents will always be parents even if disowned. In this case both are in indefiniate state but the same case.
Inalienable possession refer to possession that is static through time, your arm will always be your arm, parents will always be parents even if disowned. In this case both are in indefiniate state but the same case.


In both cases the possessed comes before the possessor in the word order.
In both cases the possessed comes after the possessor in the word order.
 
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Possession|Examples]]''


==Adjective==
==Adjective==
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|}
|}


 
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Adjective|Examples]]''
 
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=2 | Forms
|-
! Form
! Suffix
|-
| Negative
| -öššw
|-
| Equative
| -yž
|-
| Positive
| -oovj
|}


===Predicate===
===Predicate===
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! colspan=11 | Demonstrative Determiner
! colspan=11 | Demonstrative Determiner
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
! colspan=11 | {{red|mag}} - {{green|liv}} - {{purple|art}} - {{blue|non}}
! colspan=11 | {{red|mag}} - {{green|liv}} - {{purple|art}} - {{blue|non}} <br> {{yellow|mag - liv}} - {{cyan|art - non}}
|-  
|-  
! colspan=1 | Case↓
! colspan=1 | Case↓
! colspan=1 | This
! colspan=3 | This
! colspan=1 | That
! colspan=3 | That
! colspan=1 | Yon  
! colspan=3 | Yon  
|-
! Sg.
! Pc.
! Pl.
! Sg.
! Pc.
! Pl.
! Sg.
! Pc.
! Pl.
|-
|-
! Int
! Int
<!-- This -->
<!-- This -->
| {{red|tlet}} <br> {{green|tlež}} <br> {{purple|tlezj}} <br> {{blue|tledj}}
| {{red|tlet}} <br> {{green|tlež}} <br> {{purple|tlezj}} <br> {{blue|tledj}}
| {{yellow|tljëv}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëv}}
| tliizz
| {{red|zzliit}} <br> {{green|zzliž}} <br> {{purple|zzliizj}} <br> {{blue|zzliidj}}
| {{red|zzliit}} <br> {{green|zzliž}} <br> {{purple|zzliizj}} <br> {{blue|zzliidj}}
| {{red|tslyt}} <br> {{green|tslyž}} <br> {{purple|tslyzj}} <br> {{blue|tslydj}}
| {{red|tslyt}} <br> {{green|tslyž}} <br> {{purple|tslyzj}} <br> {{blue|tslydj}}
Line 2,222: Line 2,226:
! Erg
! Erg
| {{red|tletsw}} <br> {{green|tležžw}} <br> {{purple|tlezzw}} <br> {{blue|tledzw}}
| {{red|tletsw}} <br> {{green|tležžw}} <br> {{purple|tlezzw}} <br> {{blue|tledzw}}
| {{yellow|tljëz}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëz}}
| tliizw
| {{red|zzliitsw}} <br> {{green|zzliižžw}} <br> {{purple|zzliizzw}} <br> {{blue|zzliidzw}}
| {{red|zzliitsw}} <br> {{green|zzliižžw}} <br> {{purple|zzliizzw}} <br> {{blue|zzliidzw}}
| {{red|tslytsw}} <br> {{green|tslyžžw}} <br> {{purple|tslyzzw}} <br> {{blue|tslydzw}}
| {{red|tslytsw}} <br> {{green|tslyžžw}} <br> {{purple|tslyzzw}} <br> {{blue|tslydzw}}
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! Acc
! Acc
| {{red|tlesn}} <br> {{green|tležwn}} <br> {{purple|tlezjn}} <br> {{blue|tlezn}}
| {{red|tlesn}} <br> {{green|tležwn}} <br> {{purple|tlezjn}} <br> {{blue|tlezn}}
| {{yellow|tljëvm}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëvm}}
| tliizn
| {{red|zzliisn}} <br> {{green|zzliižwn}} <br> {{purple|zzliizjn}} <br> {{blue|zzliizn}}
| {{red|zzliisn}} <br> {{green|zzliižwn}} <br> {{purple|zzliizjn}} <br> {{blue|zzliizn}}
| {{red|tslysn}} <br> {{green|tslyžwn}} <br> {{purple|tslyzjn}} <br> {{blue|tslyzn}}
| {{red|tslysn}} <br> {{green|tslyžwn}} <br> {{purple|tslyzjn}} <br> {{blue|tslyzn}}
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! Pst
! Pst
| {{red|tletsw}} <br> {{green|tledžw}} <br> {{purple|tledzw}} <br> {{blue|tledzw}}
| {{red|tletsw}} <br> {{green|tledžw}} <br> {{purple|tledzw}} <br> {{blue|tledzw}}
| {{yellow|tljëdw}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëdw}}
| tliidz
| {{red|zzliitsw}} <br> {{green|zzliidžw}} <br> {{purple|zzliidzw}} <br> {{blue|zzliidzw}}
| {{red|zzliitsw}} <br> {{green|zzliidžw}} <br> {{purple|zzliidzw}} <br> {{blue|zzliidzw}}
| {{red|tslytsw}} <br> {{green|tslydžw}} <br> {{purple|tslydzw}} <br> {{blue|tslydzw}}
| {{red|tslytsw}} <br> {{green|tslydžw}} <br> {{purple|tslydzw}} <br> {{blue|tslydzw}}
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====Compound demonstratives====
====Compound demonstratives====
There exist also compound demonstratives, they are composed of demonstrative pronoun + postposition. Key thing to remember is that the demonstrative pronoun takes the gender of the noun it acts upon, wether determiner or pronoun, and the postposition takes the same gender, but the demonstrative pronoun takes the neccisery case marking of the postposition
There exist also compound demonstratives, they are composed of demonstrative pronoun + postposition. Key thing to remember is that the demonstrative pronoun takes the gender of the noun it acts upon, wether determiner or pronoun, and the postposition takes the same gender, but the demonstrative pronoun takes the neccisery case marking of the postposition


{| {{style|center}}
{| {{style|center}}
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| Demonstrative<br>Pronoun
| Demonstrative<br>Pronoun
| Postposition
| Postposition
|-
! Pronoun
|}
|}


This only expands the determiners and not the pronouns except a few handful cases


{| {{style|center}}
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Compound Demonstratives|Examples]]''
!
! Determiner
! Pronoun
|-
! Motion Toward
| DP<sub>(int)</sub> + ëŋŋ
|-
! Motion Away
| DP<sub>(int)</sub> + öŋŋ
|}


===Gender mixture===
===Gender mixture===
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| tšwat || tšwlat
| tšwat || tšwlat
|-
|-
! rowspan="8"|3rd
! rowspan="10"|3rd
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=4| Object
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=5| Object
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Animal
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Magical
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Magical
| tsjaš
| tsjaš
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| džwazd || džwlazd
| džwazd || džwlazd
|-
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=3|Person
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=4|Person
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1|General
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1|General
| ŋŋo
| ŋŋo
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| miit || mliit
| miit || mliit
| mmat || mlat
| mmat || mlat
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1| Sick one
|-
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=2|General
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=2|General
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|}
|}


 
{| {{style|center}}
abdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsštstuvyzžüëö
! colspan=2 | First person inclusive dual
 
|-
==Conditional Sentence==
! Case
! Pro-noun
|-
! Int
|-
! Erg
|-
! Acc
|-
! Pst
|}
 
abdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsštstuvyzžüëö
 
==Conditional Sentence==
{{see|sub|Conditional Sentence}}
{{see|sub|Conditional Sentence}}


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! Likely
! Likely
<!-- Condition -->
<!-- Condition -->
| Past Initio
| Causum
| Indicative
| Indicative
| Base
| Base
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| Abilative
| Abilative
<!-- Result-->
<!-- Result-->
| Initio
| Futurm Consequenta
| Subjunctive
| Subjunctive
| Hypothetical
| Hypothetical
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| Base
| Base
<!-- Result-->
<!-- Result-->
| Ingressus
| Consequentum
| Subjunctive
| Subjunctive
| Hypothetical
| Hypothetical
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==Accusative Absolute==
==Accusative Absolute==
Accusative Absolute is similar to latins {{lg|Ablative Absolute}}, a participle plus a noun describing things around the verb. It always occure in the begining before the subject or agent.
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Accusative Absolute|Examples]]''


==Modality==
==Modality==
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This is achived by putting the noun into intransitive construction state with the proper number vowel and then use it as an ordinary verb.
This is achived by putting the noun into intransitive construction state with the proper number vowel and then use it as an ordinary verb.
Adjectives for noun predicates, "''He is a '''green''' dog''", is used like an adjective predicate present adverbial participle.
Relative clause for noun predicates, "''He is the man '''that I saw yesterday'''''", is used adverbial participle.


''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Noun Copula|Examples]]''
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Noun Copula|Examples]]''
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==Question==
==Question==
===Polarity questions===
Polarity
===Content Question===
Questions are formed by inverting the position of the Agent and the Object if its transitive, otherwise it remains the same with the Subject. The question word and particles does the rest to signify it is a question.
Questions are formed by inverting the position of the Agent and the Object if its transitive, otherwise it remains the same with the Subject. The question word and particles does the rest to signify it is a question.


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|-
|-
! Right
! Right
| {{cd|Pjodwia}}
| {{term|Pjodwia}}
| {{cd|Amodwia}}
| {{term|Amodwia}}
| {{cd|Migna}}
| {{term|Migna}}
|-
|-
! Left
! Left
| {{cd|Bjana}}
| {{term|Bjana}}
| {{cd|Bjuma}}
| {{term|Bjuma}}
| {{cd|Bfignina}}
| {{term|Bfignina}}
|-
|-
! Up
! Up
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
|-
|-
! Down
! Down
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
|-
|-
! Forward
! Forward
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
|-
|-
! Backward
! Backward
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
|}
|}


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|-
|-
| -
| -
| Time when done<br />happen
| Time when or place<br /> where done happen
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
| Noun
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|-
|-
|  
|  
| Used to do verb
| Instrumental Used to do verb
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
| Noun
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|  
|  
| Part of
| Part of
| Verb
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
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| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
| -(o)ŋ
| -ŋ
| living thing
| living thing
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
| -(y)nn
| -nn
| Female of
| Female of
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
| -(ö)mm
| -mm
| Male of
| Male of
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
| -dwa
| -tjidw
| Dominion of, domain of
| Dominion of, domain of
| Noun
| Noun
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| Language of
| Language of
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
|-
| -nits
| Producer of
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|
|
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|
|
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
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| Adj
| Adj
|-
|-
|
| -lo
|
| for the purpose of
| Verb
| Adj
|-
| -lë
| not for the purpose of
| Verb
| Verb
| Adj
| Adj
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| colspan=6 | Infinitive
| colspan=6 | Infinitive
|}
|}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=6 | Relative Phrase
|-
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Verb'''<sub>participle</sub>
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
|-
| colspan=1 | {{Green|'''Ergative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{red|'''Accusative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{purple|'''Postpositional'''}}<br>case
|}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=2 | Postpositional <br> Phrase
|-
| Noun <br> Phrase
| Postpostition
|}
[[Category: Umbrean]]
[[Category: Umbrean]]
[[Category:Languages]]