|
Tag: Redirect target changed |
| (667 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| '''Judeo-Chinese''' is a descendant of [[w:Middle Chinese|Middle Chinese]] adopted by Chinese Jews in [[Verse:Tumhan]], written in a version of the Hebrew alphabet. Like other Chinese varieties, it is a tonal language and is unintelligible to speakers of other Chinese lects.
| | #redirect [[Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin]] |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| ===Initials===
| |
| tr thr dr nr > t th d n
| |
| tsy tshy dzy ny sy zy > ti thi di ni si zi
| |
| | |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
| |
| |-
| |
| |+'''Consonant phonemes'''
| |
| !rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
| |
| !colspan="2" | Labial
| |
| !colspan="2" | Dental
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Retroflex
| |
| !colspan="2" | Velar
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Laryngeal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! <small>broad</small>
| |
| ! <small>slender</small>
| |
| ! <small>broad</small>
| |
| ! <small>slender</small>
| |
| ! <small>slender</small>
| |
| ! <small>broad</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="2" | Nasal
| |
| | {{IPA|mˠ}} || {{IPA|mʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|n̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|nʲ}}
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|ŋʲ}} || {{IPA|ŋ}}
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="3" | Stop
| |
| !<small>plain</small>
| |
| | ||
| |
| | {{IPA|t̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|tʲ}}
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|kʲ}} || {{IPA|k}}
| |
| | {{IPA|ʔ}}
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>aspirated</small>
| |
| | {{IPA|pˠʰ}} || {{IPA|pʲʰ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|t̪ˠʰ}} || {{IPA|tʲʰ}}
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|kʲʰ}} || {{IPA|kʰ}}
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | {{IPA|bˠ}} || {{IPA|bʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|d̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|dʲ}}
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|gʲ}} || {{IPA|g}}
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="3" | Affricate
| |
| !<small>plain</small>
| |
| | ||
| |
| | {{IPA|t̪sˠ}} || {{IPA|tsʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|tʂ}}
| |
| | ||
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>aspirated</small>
| |
| | ||
| |
| | {{IPA|t̪sˠʰ}} || {{IPA|tsʲʰ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|tʂʰ}}
| |
| | ||
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | ||
| |
| | {{IPA|d̪zˠ}} || {{IPA|dzʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|dʐ}}
| |
| | ||
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2"|Fricative
| |
| !<small>voiceless</small>
| |
| | {{IPA|fˠ}} || {{IPA|fʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|sˠ}} || {{IPA|sʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|ʂ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|xʲ}} || {{IPA|x}}
| |
| | {{IPA|h}}
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | {{IPA|vˠ}} || {{IPA|vʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|zˠ}} || {{IPA|zʲ}}
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|ɣʲ}} || {{IPA|ɣ}}
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2| Approximant
| |
| | ||
| |
| | {{IPA|l̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|lʲ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|ɻ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|j}} ||
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Rimes===
| |
| <poem>
| |
| (baxter) a, wa, ja, jwa > a, å, ja, jå?
| |
| "i" was ngaX
| |
| | |
| yes
| |
| actually a, å, ia, iå (i = palatalization)
| |
| ae, wae, jae > æ, œ, iæ
| |
| u, jo, ju > u, iœ, iu
| |
| (all this assumes the syllable is initial and thus stressed, perhaps there's reduction in unstressed syllables)
| |
| | |
| -j final codas: óigh bhféigh, there's a shitton of them
| |
| | |
| :D
| |
| oj, ajH > aj
| |
| woj, wajH > åj
| |
| | |
| so is there a vowel split based on tone?
| |
| ajH and aejH only occur with H
| |
| eaj, aejH > æj
| |
| | |
| æ = finnish æ?
| |
| could be
| |
| weaj, waejH > œj
| |
| jejH, jiejH, jwejH, jwiejH might have the same outcome as je, jie, jwe, jwie
| |
| those finals with -ji- are called chongniu finals
| |
| i could merge jiej completely with jej like mandarin does
| |
| or they could be different
| |
| i'll treat jiej like jij and jwiej like jwij
| |
| je(j), jwe(j) > /'ie, 'yø/
| |
| ej, wej > /ie, yø/
| |
| or maybe ie and üœ should be /e, ø/
| |
| joj, jwoj > /ej, øj/
| |
| | |
| here's something CRAZY
| |
| a literally-read irish sinolang
| |
| with /aoi/ as a rime
| |
| ij, jij, wij, jwij > /i, 'i, y, 'y/
| |
| i > /i/
| |
| j+j, jw+j > /'i, 'y/
| |
| maube all those y's shd really be uj's
| |
| -jew > -y'hudi 😀
| |
| aw, aew, jew, jiew, ew, uw, juw, jiw > /aw, æw, 'aw, 'ew, æw, u, 'u, ew/
| |
| | |
| :D
| |
| i like -y'hudi
| |
| actually sorry
| |
| aw, aw, iaw, iew, ew, u, iu, iew
| |
| om, am, eam, aem, jem, jiem, jaem, jom, em, im, jim
| |
| > um, om, am, am, iem, im, iam, iom, ium, em, im, jim
| |
| | |
| looks good
| |
| (similarly for -p rimes)
| |
| | |
| -ium 😀
| |
| an, wan, aen, waen, ean, wean > an, ån, æn, œn, en, øn
| |
| | |
| ann, uann, ainn, uainn, eann, uainn
| |
| in a literal irish version
| |
| jen, jwen, jon, jwon > ien, iøn, ion, iun
| |
| en, wen, on, won > en, øn, on, un
| |
| in, jin, win, jwin, j+n, jun > in, yn, un, iun, in, iun
| |
| y = hard /i/
| |
| | |
| ak, wak, jak, jwak > ak, åk, iak, iåk
| |
| aewk > ?
| |
| | |
| aoigh
| |
| auk?
| |
| | |
| that works
| |
| ok, wok, ik, wik > ok, uk, ik, uk
| |
| aek, waek, eak, waek > æk, œk, æk, œk
| |
| jaek, jwaek > iæk, iœk
| |
| jek jwek ek wek > iek iøk ek øk
| |
| uwk owk juwk jowk > uk ok iuk iok
| |
| i might do something with œ and ø
| |
| make them central vowels
| |
| maybe merge them to ə
| |
| or œ > a, ø > ə
| |
| | |
| œ > a is interesting
| |
| i have a æ e i o u ə in the end - like Rõktiap 😀
| |
| actually
| |
| å will also merge to o
| |
| </poem>
| |
| | |
| ===Tonality===
| |
| ==Orthography==
| |
| | |
| ==Grammar==
| |
| [[Category:Sinitic languages]][[Category:Jewish languages]][[Category:Tumhan]]
| |