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| '''Judeo-Chinese''' is a descendant of [[w:Middle Chinese|Middle Chinese]] adopted by Chinese Jews in [[Verse:Tumhan]], written in a version of the Hebrew alphabet. Like other Chinese varieties, it is a tonal language and is unintelligible to speakers of other Chinese lects.
| | #redirect [[Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin]] |
| ==Phonology==
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| ===Initials===
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| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
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| |-
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| |+'''Consonant phonemes'''
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| !rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
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| !colspan="2" | Labial
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| !colspan="2" | Dental
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| !rowspan="2" | Retroflex
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| !colspan="2" | Velar
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| !rowspan="2" | Laryngeal
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| |-
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| ! <small>broad</small>
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| ! <small>slender</small>
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| ! <small>broad</small>
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| ! <small>slender</small>
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| ! <small>slender</small>
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| ! <small>broad</small>
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| |-
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| !colspan="2" | Nasal
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| | {{IPA|mˠ}} || {{IPA|mʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|n̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|nʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|ŋʲ}} || {{IPA|ŋ}}
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| |-
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| !rowspan="3" | Stop
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| !<small>plain</small>
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| | {{IPA|t̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|tʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|kʲ}} || {{IPA|k}}
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| | {{IPA|ʔ}}
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| |-
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| !<small>aspirated</small>
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| | {{IPA|pˠʰ}} || {{IPA|pʲʰ}}
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| | {{IPA|t̪ˠʰ}} || {{IPA|tʲʰ}}
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| | {{IPA|kʲʰ}} || {{IPA|kʰ}}
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| |-
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | {{IPA|bˠ}} || {{IPA|bʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|d̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|dʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|gʲ}} || {{IPA|g}}
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| |-
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| !rowspan="3" | Affricate
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| !<small>plain</small>
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| | {{IPA|t̪sˠ}} || {{IPA|tsʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|tʂ}}
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| |-
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| !<small>aspirated</small>
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| | {{IPA|t̪sˠʰ}} || {{IPA|tsʲʰ}}
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| | {{IPA|tʂʰ}}
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| |-
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | {{IPA|d̪zˠ}} || {{IPA|dzʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|dʐ}}
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"|Fricative
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| !<small>voiceless</small>
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| | {{IPA|fˠ}} || {{IPA|fʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|sˠ}} || {{IPA|sʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|ʂ}}
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| | {{IPA|xʲ}} || {{IPA|x}}
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| | {{IPA|h}}
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| |-
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | {{IPA|vˠ}} || {{IPA|vʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|zˠ}} || {{IPA|zʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|ɣʲ}} || {{IPA|ɣ}}
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| |-
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| !colspan=2| Approximant
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| | {{IPA|l̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|lʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|ɻ}}
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| | {{IPA|j}} ||
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| |}
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| ===Rimes===
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| <poem>
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| (baxter) a, wa, ja, jwa > a, å, ja, jå?
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| "i" was ngaX
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| yes
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| actually a, å, ia, iå (i = palatalization)
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| ae, wae, jae > æ, œ, iæ
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| u, jo, ju > u, iœ, iu
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| (all this assumes the syllable is initial and thus stressed, perhaps there's reduction in unstressed syllables)
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| -j final codas: óigh bhféigh, there's a shitton of them
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| :D
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| oj, ajH > aj
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| woj, wajH > åj
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| so is there a vowel split based on tone?
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| ajH and aejH only occur with H
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| eaj, aejH > æj
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| æ = finnish æ?
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| could be
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| weaj, waejH > œj
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| jejH, jiejH, jwejH, jwiejH might have the same outcome as je, jie, jwe, jwie
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| those finals with -ji- are called chongniu finals
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| i could merge jiej completely with jej like mandarin does
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| or they could be different
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| i'll treat jiej like jij and jwiej like jwij
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| je(j), jwe(j) > /'ie, 'yø/
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| ej, wej > /ie, yø/
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| or maybe ie and üœ should be /e, ø/
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| joj, jwoj > /ej, øj/
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| here's something CRAZY
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| a literally-read irish sinolang
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| with /aoi/ as a rime
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| ij, jij, wij, jwij > /i, 'i, y, 'y/
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| i > /i/
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| j+j, jw+j > /'i, 'y/
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| maube all those y's shd really be uj's
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| -jew > -y'hudi 😀
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| aw, aew, jew, jiew, ew, uw, juw, jiw > /aw, æw, 'aw, 'ew, æw, u, 'u, ew/
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| :D
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| i like -y'hudi
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| actually sorry
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| aw, aw, iaw, iew, ew, u, iu, iew
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| om, am, eam, aem, jem, jiem, jaem, jom, em, im, jim
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| > um, om, am, am, iem, im, iam, iom, ium, em, im, jim
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| looks good
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| (similarly for -p rimes)
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| -ium 😀
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| an, wan, aen, waen, ean, wean > an, ån, æn, œn, en, øn
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| ann, uann, ainn, uainn, eann, uainn
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| in a literal irish version
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| jen, jwen, jon, jwon > ien, iøn, ion, iun
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| en, wen, on, won > en, øn, on, un
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| in, jin, win, jwin, j+n, jun > in, yn, un, iun, in, iun
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| y = hard /i/
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| ak, wak, jak, jwak > ak, åk, iak, iåk
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| aewk > ?
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| aoigh
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| auk?
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| that works
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| ok, wok, ik, wik > ok, uk, ik, uk
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| aek, waek, eak, waek > æk, œk, æk, œk
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| jaek, jwaek > iæk, iœk
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| jek jwek ek wek > iek iøk ek øk
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| uwk owk juwk jowk > uk ok iuk iok
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| i might do something with œ and ø
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| make them central vowels
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| maybe merge them to ə
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| or œ > a, ø > ə
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| œ > a is interesting
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| i have a æ e i o u ə in the end - like Rõktiap 😀
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| actually
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| å will also merge to o
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| </poem>
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| ===Tonality===
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| ==Orthography==
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| ==Grammar==
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| [[Category:Sinitic languages]][[Category:Jewish languages]][[Category:Tumhan]]
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