Linguifex

Ngolu: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
Imralu (talk | contribs)
577 edits
Nicomega (talk | contribs)
forumadmin, Administrators
2,092 edits
adding categories
 
(10 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{privatelang}}
'''Ngolu''' (pronounced /ŋɒˈluː/ or /ŋɔːˈluː/), also known as '''Iliaqu''' (/ˌɪljəˈʔuː/) or sometimes '''Qu''' /ʔuː/ (endonym: ''iliaqu'' IPA: [ìʎàʔú]) is a language isolate spoken throughout the known regions of the space habitat [[Qu]] by the Ngolu people, whose number is estimated to be around 100,000. As the Ngolu are almost entirely monolingual, and while voluntary travel to and from Qu remains impossible, the language is not in any danger of extinction. At this stage, little is known of dialect differences within Qu. There are estimated to be somewhere between 50 and 100 Iliaqu speakers on Earth who have simply mysteriously appeared in various locations. Small communities of Ngolu speakers been brought or have found their way together, the most well-known and well-studied of which is a group of about 15 living in and around Berlin, Germany.
'''Ngolu''' (pronounced /ŋɒˈluː/ or /ŋɔːˈluː/), also known as '''Iliaqu''' (/ˌɪljəˈʔuː/) or sometimes '''Qu''' /ʔuː/ (endonym: ''iliaqu'' IPA: [ìʎàʔú]) is a language isolate spoken throughout the known regions of the space habitat [[Qu]] by the Ngolu people, whose number is estimated to be around 100,000. As the Ngolu are almost entirely monolingual, and while voluntary travel to and from Qu remains impossible, the language is not in any danger of extinction. At this stage, little is known of dialect differences within Qu. There are estimated to be somewhere between 50 and 100 Iliaqu speakers on Earth who have simply mysteriously appeared in various locations. Small communities of Ngolu speakers been brought or have found their way together, the most well-known and well-studied of which is a group of about 15 living in and around Berlin, Germany.


Line 554: Line 555:
::{| cellpadding="2"
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
|-
| '''muja''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|na}}'''
| '''muja''' || '''<span style="color:blue">na</span>'''
|-
|-
| be.initiated.man || NOM.1s.ACS
| be.initiated.man || NOM.1s.ACS
Line 560: Line 561:
| "be an initiated man" || "I"
| "be an initiated man" || "I"
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | ''{{color|MediumBlue|I}} am an initiated man.'' — '''muja''' [ACS/SUB]
| colspan="2" | ''<span style="color:blue">I</span> am an initiated man.'' — '''muja''' [ACS/SUB]
|}
|}


Line 566: Line 567:
::{| cellpadding="2"
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
|-
| '''kka''' || '''loe''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|ju}}'''
| '''kka''' || '''loe''' || '''<span style="color:blue">ju</span>'''
|-
|-
| be.not || sleep || NOM.3s.ICS.DEF
| be.not || sleep || NOM.3s.ICS.DEF
Line 572: Line 573:
| "be not" || "sleep" || "the being"
| "be not" || "sleep" || "the being"
|-
|-
| colspan="3" | ''{{color|MediumBlue|S/he}} is not sleeping. / {{color|MediumBlue|S/he}} didn't sleep.''
| colspan="3" | ''<span style="color:blue">S/he</span> is not sleeping. / <span style="color:blue">S/he</span> didn't sleep.''
|}
|}


Line 578: Line 579:
::{| cellpadding="2"
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
|-
| '''ti''' || '''uo''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|ju}}'''
| '''ti''' || '''uo''' || '''<span style="color:blue">ju</span>'''
|-
|-
| be.PRF || deliberately.kill || NOM.3s.ICS.DEF
| be.PRF || deliberately.kill || NOM.3s.ICS.DEF
Line 584: Line 585:
| "have finished" || "deliberately kill" || "the being"
| "have finished" || "deliberately kill" || "the being"
|-
|-
| colspan="3" | ''{{color|MediumBlue|He}} killed / murdered something / someone''
| colspan="3" | ''<span style="color:blue">He</span> killed / murdered something / someone''
|}
|}


Line 590: Line 591:
::{| cellpadding="2"
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
|-
| '''te''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|zuo}}''' || '''kka''' || '''lalu'''
| '''te''' || '''<span style="color:blue">zuo</span>''' || '''kka''' || '''lalu'''
|-
|-
| be.good || NOM.C || be.not || (be).rain
| be.good || NOM.C || be.not || (be).rain
Line 596: Line 597:
| "be good" || "that" || "be not" || "rain"
| "be good" || "that" || "be not" || "rain"
|-
|-
| colspan="4" |  ''It's good {{color|MediumBlue|that}} it's not raining.''
| colspan="4" |  ''It's good <span style="color:blue">that</span> it's not raining.''
|}
|}


Line 602: Line 603:
::{| cellpadding="2"
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
|-
| '''zoua''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|kuo}}''' || '''tavi''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|ja}}'''
| '''zoua''' || '''<span style="color:blue">kuo</span>''' || '''tavi''' || '''<span style="color:blue">ja</span>'''
|-
|-
| be.difficult || NOM.TEMP.C || be.child || NOM.3s.ACS.DEF
| be.difficult || NOM.TEMP.C || be.child || NOM.3s.ACS.DEF
Line 609: Line 610:
|-
|-
| colspan="4" | ''He had a difficult childhood.
| colspan="4" | ''He had a difficult childhood.
(≈ {{color|MediumBlue|The time when}} {{color|MediumBlue|s/he}} was a child was difficult.)''
(≈ <span style="color:blue">The time when</span> <span style="color:blue">s/he</span> was a child was difficult.)''
|}
|}


Line 1,898: Line 1,899:
::{| cellpadding="2"
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
|-
| '''{{color|MediumBlue|uako}}''' || '''ja''' || '''une'''
| '''{{color|MediumBlue|uako}}''' || '''jus''' || '''une'''
|-
|-
| be.enemy || NOM.3s.DEF.MASC || GEN.1s.MASC
| be.enemy || NOM.3s.DEF.ICS || GEN.1s.ACS
|-
|-
| "be enemy" || "the man" || "my"
| "be enemy" || "the being" || "my"
|-
|-
| colspan="3" |''He{{color|MediumBlue|'s}} my {{color|MediumBlue|enemy}}.'' — ['''muja''']
| colspan="3" |''He{{color|MediumBlue|'s}} my {{color|MediumBlue|enemy}}.'' — [ACS/SUB]
|}
|}


Line 1,915: Line 1,916:
| '''{{color|MediumBlue|ko}}''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|uako}}''' || '''jus''' || '''une'''
| '''{{color|MediumBlue|ko}}''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|uako}}''' || '''jus''' || '''une'''
|-
|-
| be.similar || be.enemy.MUJA || NOM.3s.DEF.ANIM || GEN.1s.MASC
| be.similar || be.enemy.MUJA || NOM.3s.DEF.ICS || GEN.1s.ACS
|-
|-
| "be.like" || "be enemy" || "the being" || "my"
| "be.like" || "be enemy" || "the being" || "my"
|-
|-
| colspan="4" |''She{{color|MediumBlue|'s}} my {{color|MediumBlue|enemy}}.'' — ['''muja''']
| colspan="4" |''She{{color|MediumBlue|'s}} my {{color|MediumBlue|enemy}}.'' — [ACS/SUB]
|}
|}


Line 1,931: Line 1,932:
| '''ti''' || '''li''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|ko}}''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|bale}}''' || '''uji'''
| '''ti''' || '''li''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|ko}}''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|bale}}''' || '''uji'''
|-
|-
| be.PRF || begin || be.similar || be.MUJA.fist || GEN.3s.DEF.ANIM
| be.PRF || begin || be.similar || be.MUJA.fist || GEN.3s.DEF.ICS
|-
|-
| "be finished" || "start" || "be like" || "be a (man's) fist" || "of the being"
| "be former" || "start" || "be like" || "be a (man's) fist" || "of the being"
|-
|-
| colspan="4" |''She made {{color|MediumBlue|a fist}}.''
| colspan="4" |''She made {{color|MediumBlue|a fist}}.''
Line 2,053: Line 2,054:
====''Hai''====
====''Hai''====


'''Hai''' is used to introduce the apodosis of an irrealis conditional sentence. For examples, see [[Ngolu#Conditionals|Conditionals]].
'''Hai''' is used to introduce the protasis of an irrealis conditional sentence. For examples, see [[Ngolu#Conditionals|Conditionals]].


====''Haizuo''====
====''Haizuo''====


'''Haizuo''' is an emphatic form of '''hai'''. It introduces the apodosis of an irrealis conditional sentence. For examples, see [[Ngolu#Conditionals|Conditionals]].
'''Haizuo''' is an emphatic form of '''hai'''. It introduces the protasis of an irrealis conditional sentence. For examples, see [[Ngolu#Conditionals|Conditionals]].


====''I-''====
====''I-''====
Line 2,134: Line 2,135:
| "the thing which" || "be this" || "be fish"  
| "the thing which" || "be this" || "be fish"  
|-
|-
| colspan="3" | ''This, well, this is a fish!'' — ['''kali''']
| colspan="3" | ''This, well, this is a fish!'' — ['''muja''']
|}
|}


Line 2,398: Line 2,399:
| "be finished" || "eat" || "I" || "some things which" || "be food" || "using a thing which" || "be a knife"  
| "be finished" || "eat" || "I" || "some things which" || "be food" || "using a thing which" || "be a knife"  
|-
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:left" | ''I ate food with a knife.'' — ['''kali''']  
| colspan="7" style="text-align:left" | ''I ate food with a knife.'' — [ICS/DOM]  
|}
|}


Line 2,415: Line 2,416:
| "using a thing which" || "be a knife"  || "be finished" || "eat" || "I" || "some things which" || "be food"  
| "using a thing which" || "be a knife"  || "be finished" || "eat" || "I" || "some things which" || "be food"  
|-
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:left" | ''With a knife, I ate food.'' — ['''kali''']  
| colspan="7" style="text-align:left" | ''With a knife, I ate food.'' — [ICS/DOM]  
|}
|}


Line 2,432: Line 2,433:
| "using a thing which" || "be a knife"  || "be finished" || "I" || "eat" || "some things which" || "be food"  
| "using a thing which" || "be a knife"  || "be finished" || "I" || "eat" || "some things which" || "be food"  
|-
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:left" | ''With a knife, I ate food.'' — ['''kali''']  
| colspan="7" style="text-align:left" | ''With a knife, I ate food.'' — [ICS/DOM]  
|}
|}


Line 2,550: Line 2,551:
| '''{{color|MediumBlue|ahe}}''' || '''bo''' || '''xu''' || '''eni'''
| '''{{color|MediumBlue|ahe}}''' || '''bo''' || '''xu''' || '''eni'''
|-
|-
| be.indeed || be.wanted || NOM.3s.DEF.INAN || DAT.1s.ANIM
| be.indeed || be.wanted || NOM.3s.DEF.INAN || DAT.1s.ICS
|-
|-
| "be indeed" || "be wanted" || "the thing" || "to me"
| "be indeed" || "be wanted" || "the thing" || "to me"
|-
|-
| colspan="4" | ''I {{color|MediumBlue|do}} want it.'' — ['''kali''']
| colspan="4" | ''I {{color|MediumBlue|do}} want it.'' — [ICS/DOM]
|}
|}


Line 2,565: Line 2,566:
| '''{{color|MediumBlue|kka}}''' || '''ju''' || '''xua''' || '''uttia'''
| '''{{color|MediumBlue|kka}}''' || '''ju''' || '''xua''' || '''uttia'''
|-
|-
| be.not || NOM.3s.DEF.ANIM || LOC.3s.DEF.INAN.REL || be.tree
| be.not || NOM.3s.DEF.ANIM || LOC.3s.DEF.ICS.REL || be.tree
|-
|-
| "be not" || "she" || "at the thing which" || "be tree"
| "be not" || "she" || "at the thing which" || "be tree"
|-
|-
| colspan="4" | ''She{{color|MediumBlue|'s not}} at the tree.'' — ['''kali''']
| colspan="4" | ''She{{color|MediumBlue|'s not}} at the tree.''
|}
|}


Line 2,577: Line 2,578:
| '''{{color|MediumBlue|kka}}''' || '''mula''' || '''jas''' || '''ene'''
| '''{{color|MediumBlue|kka}}''' || '''mula''' || '''jas''' || '''ene'''
|-
|-
| be.not || be.liked || NOM.3s.DEF.MASC || DAT.1s.MASC
| be.not || be.liked || NOM.3s.DEF.ACS || DAT.1s.ACS
|-
|-
| "be not" || "be liked" || "he" || "to me"
| "be not" || "be liked" || "he" || "to me"
|-
|-
| colspan="4" | ''I {{color|MediumBlue|don't}} like him.'' — ['''kali''']
| colspan="4" | ''I {{color|MediumBlue|don't}} like him.'' — [ACS/SUB]
|}
|}


Line 2,646: Line 2,647:
| '''uo''' || '''xi''' || '''oko''' || '''lo''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|kka}}''' || '''ja''' || '''tehi''' || '''los''' || {{color|MediumBlue|'''ahe'''}} || '''ja''' || '''mbuja'''
| '''uo''' || '''xi''' || '''oko''' || '''lo''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|kka}}''' || '''ja''' || '''tehi''' || '''los''' || {{color|MediumBlue|'''ahe'''}} || '''ja''' || '''mbuja'''
|-
|-
| kill. deliberately || ACC.3s.DEF.INAN.REL || be.dog || ADV || be.not || NOM.3s.DEF.MASC.REL || be.Tehi || ADV || be.indeed || NOM.3s.DEF.MASC.REL || be.Mbuja
| kill. deliberately || ACC.3s.DEF.INAN.REL || be.dog || ADV || be.not || NOM.3s.DEF.ACS.REL || be.Tehi || ADV || be.indeed || NOM.3s.DEF.ACS.REL || be.Mbuja
|-
|-
| "kill deliberately" || "the thing which" || "be.dog" || "while" || "be not" || "the man who" || "be Tehi" || "while" || "be indeed" || "the man who" || "be Mbuja"
| "kill deliberately" || "the thing which" || "be.dog" || "while" || "be not" || "the one who" || "be Tehi" || "while" || "be indeed" || "the one who" || "be Mbuja"
|-
|-
| colspan="11" | ''{{color|MediumBlue|Not}} Tehi {{color|MediumBlue|but}} Mbuja killed the dog.''
| colspan="11" | ''{{color|MediumBlue|Not}} Tehi {{color|MediumBlue|but}} Mbuja killed the dog.'' — ['''muja''']
|}
|}


Line 3,220: Line 3,221:


===Speech Crime===
===Speech Crime===
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Ngolu"