Linguifex

Kwenya Greek: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
IlL (talk | contribs)
Bots
143,283 edits
IlL (talk | contribs)
Bots
143,283 edits
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(103 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Kwenya''' (''Κοινη'') is a Finnic-influenced Hellenic language.
'''Kwenya''' (''kwenyá'', κοινή) is a Hellenic language spoken in Irta.
 
1-10: ir (m)/mia (f)/eon (n), dwi, trir (m/f)/tria (n), teottareol, peonta, eosta, eowta, ohta, eonnaa, deoka
11-20: eondyutru, dwidyutru, tridyutru, tettareodyutru, peontadyutru, eostadyutru, ... ikori (< hen deuterou, dyo deuterou, ... "one of the second, two of the second, ..." cf. Estonian üks·teist, kaks·teist, ...)
100: eokaton
1000: khilaa
 
<!--
 
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
 
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
 
-->


==Introduction==
==Introduction==


<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
== Diachronics ==
 
=== Proto-Kwenya ===
<!-- Example categories/headings:
Essentially OTL's Koine Greek, η οι = /e{{raised}} ø/
 
Goals
Setting
Inspiration


-->
=== Old Kwenya ===
η ω → iə uə


<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation
-->
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
*μ ν γγ = /m n ŋ/ (γκ γχ = /ŋk ŋkʰ/)
*μ ν γγ = /m n ŋ:/ (γκ γχ = /ŋ: ŋkʰ/)
*π τ κ = /p t k/
*π τ κ = /p t k/
*β δ = /b d/
*β δ = /β{{lowered}} ð{{lowered}}/
*φ θ χ = /pʰ tʰ kʰ/
*φ θ χ = /pʰ tʰ kʰ/
*σ γ = /s h/
*σ γ = /s h/
*ζ = /z/
*ζ = /z/
*ϝ ρ λ = /w r l/
*ϝ ρ/ς λ = /w ɾ l/


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
α ε ι ο υ η ω αι ει οι ου = /a ə i o wi ja u e i we u/
α ε ι ο υ η ω αι ει ευ ια ιο οι ου = /a ə i o wi ja wa e i ju ja jo we ɨ/ {{angbr|a ë i o wi ya wa e i yu ya yo we u}}


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Stress====
Always initial stress


====Intonation====
====Intonation====
Line 64: Line 34:
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
nom/acc/gen/voc + Finnic-style cases. No articles or gender due to Finnic influence.
Kwenya nouns have the following template:
 
STEM-case.number-(possessive suffix)
 
Kwenya lost gender.
====Cases====


Principal parts: nominative, accusative, genitive, vocative singular; nominative, accusative, genitive plural
====Possessive suffixes====
γλώσσαμου, γλώσσασου, γλώσσατου, γλώσσαμων, γλώσσασων, γλώσσατων = my language, ...


===Adjectives===
Adjectives have an attributive form and predicative forms that agree by number, animacy and gender. They also have past tense and imperative forms like verbs. also -wir, -ia, -wi < ύς-εία-ύ‎
{{col-begin}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''γλωσσα'' 'tongue, language' (1st decl.)
|+ καλος 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); present tense
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}}
!|male
|''γλωσσα''||''γλωσσαι''
|καλος<br/>kalor
|rowspan=2|καλοι<br/>kale
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}}
!|female
|''γλωσσα!''||''γλωσσαι!''
|καλη<br/>kalya
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}}
!|inanimate
|''γλωσσαν''||''γλωσσαρ''
|καλον<br/>kalon||καλα<br/>kala
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}}
!|attributive
|''γλωσσαρ'' ||''γλωσσων''
|colspan="2"|καλ(ο)-<br/>kal(o)-
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ καλος 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); past tense
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|''γλωσσανειρ'' ||''γλωσσαρειρ''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
!|male
|''γλωσσανδο'' ||''γλωσσωνενδο''
|καλοςων<br/>kalorun
|rowspan=2|καλοντες<br/>kalontër
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}}
!|female
|''γλωσσαξε'' ||''γλωσσωνεξε''
|καληρα<br/>kalyara
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}}
!|inanimate
|''γλωσσαρειτ'' ||''γλωσσωνειτ''
|καλονον<br/>kalonon||καλαντα<br/>kalanta
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}}
!|attributive
|''γλωσσαβαι'' ||''γλωσσωμβαι''
|colspan="2"|καλομοντ<br/>kalomont
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ καλος 'good' (1st decl.); imperative
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}}
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|''γλωσσαμπο'' ||''γλωσσαπο''
|-
!|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}}
|''γλωσσαδω'' ||''γλωσσωνδω''
|-
!|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}}
|''γλωσσαπρε'' ||''γλωσσωμπρε''
|-
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
|''γλωσσανειν'' ||''γλωσσαρειν''
|-
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
|''γλωσσαρχω'' ||''γλωσσωγχω''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}}
!|active
|''γλωσσαρμε'' ||''γλωσσωμμε''
|καλοστι!<br/>kalosti!||καλοστε!<br/>kalostë!
|}
|}
{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''οικορ'' 'house' (2nd decl. m.)
|+ ευγενης 'gentlemanly/ladylike' (3nd decl.)
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}}
!|male
|''οικορ''||''οικοι''
|ευγενης<br/>yuhënyar
|rowspan=2|ευγενεις<br/>yuhënir
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}}
!|female
|''οικε!''||''οικοι!''
|ευγενης<br/>yuhënyar
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}}
!|inanimate
|''οικον''||''οικουρ''
|ευγενες<br/>yuhënër||ευγενη<br/>yuhënya
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}}
!|attributive
|''οικου'' ||''οικων''
|colspan="2"|ευγεν(ο)-<br/>yuhën(o)-
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ευγενης 'gentlemanly/ladylike' (3nd decl.); past tense
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|''οικονειρ'' ||''οικουρειρ''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
!|male
|''οικουνδο'' ||''οικωνενδο''
|ευγενηςων<br/>yuhënyarun
|rowspan=2|ευγενειντες<br/>yuhënintër
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}}
!|female
|''οικουξε'' ||''οικοωνεξε''
|ευγενηςα<br/>yuhënyara
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}}
!|inanimate
|''οικουειτ'' ||''οικωνειτ''
|ευγενεςον<br/>yuhënëron||ευγενηντα<br/>yuhënyanta
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}}
!|attributive
|''οικουβαι'' ||''οικωμβαι''
|colspan="2"|ευγενομοντ<br/>yuhënomont
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ευγενης 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.); imperative
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}}
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|''οικομπο'' ||''οικουπο''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}}
!|active
|''οικουδω'' ||''οικωνδω''
|ευγενοστι!<br/>yuhënosti!||ευγενοστε!<br/>yuhënostë!
|-
!|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}}
|''οικουπρε'' ||''οικωμπρε''
|-
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
|''οικονειν'' ||''οικουρειν''
|-
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
|''οικουχω'' ||''οικωγχω''
|-
!|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}}
|''οικουμε'' ||''οικωμμε''
|}
|}
{{col-end}}
===Verbs===
Two voices: active, passive
Principal parts: present stem, past stem
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''δωρον'' 'gift' (2nd decl. n.)
|+ φαγων 'eat' - present active
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}}
!|male
|''δωρον''||''δωρα''
|φαγων<br/>phahun
|rowspan=2|φαγοντες<br/>phahontër
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}}
!|female
|''δωρον!''||''δωρα!''
|φαγουςα<br/>phahũra
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}}
!|inanimate
|''δωρον''||''δωρα''
|φαγον<br/>phahon||φαγοντα<br/>phahonta
|-
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}}
|''δωρου'' ||''δωρων''
|-
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
|''δωρονειρ'' ||''δωραειρ''
|-
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
|''δωρουνδο'' ||''δωρωνενδο''
|-
!|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}}
|''δωρουξε'' ||''δωρωνεξε''
|-
!|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}}
|''δωρουειτ'' ||''δωρωνειτ''
|-
!|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}}
|''δωρουβαι'' ||''δωρωμβαι''
|-
!|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}}
|''δωρομπο'' ||''δωραπο''
|-
!|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}}
|''δωρουδω'' ||''δωρωνδω''
|-
!|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}}
|''δωρουπρε'' ||''δωρωμπρε''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
!|attributive
|''δωρονειν'' ||''δωραειν''
|colspan="2"|φαγοντ<br/>phahont
|-
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
|''δωρουχω'' ||''δωρωγχω''
|-
!|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}}
|''δωρουμε'' ||''δωρωμμε''
|}
|}
{{col-break}}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
 
|+ ''πολιρ'' 'city' (3nd decl. m./f.)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ φαγων 'eat' - past active
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}}
!|male
|''πολιρ''||''πολερ''
|φαγας<br/>phahar
|rowspan=2|φαγαντες<br/>phahantër
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}}
!|female
|''πολι!''||''πολερ!''
|φαγαςα<br/>phahara
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}}
!|inanimate
|''πολιν''||''πολερ''
|φαγαν<br/>phahan||φαγαντα<br/>phahanta
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}}
!|attributive
|''πολιωρ'' ||''πολιων''
|colspan="2"|φαγας<br/>phahar
|-
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
|''πολινειρ'' ||''πολερειρ''
|-
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
|''πολιωνδο'' ||''πολιωνενδο''
|-
!|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}}
|''πολιωξε'' ||''πολιωνεξε''
|-
!|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}}
|''πολιωρειτ'' ||''πολιωνειτ''
|-
!|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}}
|''πολιωβαι'' ||''πολιωμβαι''
|-
!|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}}
|''πολιμπο'' ||''πολεπο''
|-
!|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}}
|''πολιωδω'' ||''πολιωνδω''
|-
!|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}}
|''πολιωπρε'' ||''πολιωμπρε''
|-
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
|''πολινειν'' ||''πολερειν''
|-
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
|''πολιωχω'' ||''πολιωγχω''
|-
!|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}}
|''πολιωμε'' ||''πολιωμμε''
|}
|}
{{col-end}}


===Adjectives===
 
{{col-begin}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{{col-break}}
|+ φαγων 'eat' - imperative active
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''καλορ'' 'good' (1st/2nd decl.)
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|Attributive
!|active
|colspan="2"|''καλ(ο)-''
|φαγε!<br/>phahë!||φαγετε!<br/>phahëtë!
|-
!|Predicative (male)
|''καλορ''||''καλοι''
|-
!|Predicative (female)
|''καλη''||''καλαι''
|-
!|Predicative (inanimate)
|''καλον''||''καλα''
|}
|}
{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''ευγενηρ'' 'polite' (3nd decl.)
|+ φαγων 'eat' - present passive
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|Attributive
!|male
|colspan="2"|''ευγεν(ο)-''
|φαγομενος<br/>phahomënor
|rowspan=2|φαγομενοι<br/>phahomëne
|-
|-
!|Predicative (male)
!|female
|''ευγενηρ''||''ευγενειρ''
|φαγομενη<br/>phahomënya
|-
|-
!|Predicative (female)
!|inanimate
|''ευγενηρ''||''ευγενειρ''
|φαγομενον<br/>phahomënon||φαγομενα<br/>phahomëna
|-
|-
!|Predicative (inanimate)
!|attributive
|''ευγενερ''||''ευγενη''
|colspan="2"|φαγομεν<br/>phahomën
|}
|}
{{col-end}}


===Verbs===
 
Uses just participles.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{{col-begin}}
|+ φαγων 'eat' - past passive
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''φαγων'' 'eat' - present active
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|male
!|male
|''φαγων''||''φαγοντερ''
|φαγομενοςων<br/>phahamënorun
|rowspan=2|φαγαμενοντες<br/>phahamënontër
|-
|-
!|female
!|female
|''φαγουρα''||''φαγουραι''
|φαγομενηςα<br/>phahamënyara
|-
|-
!|inanimate
!|inanimate
|''φαγον''||''φαγοντα''/''φαγα''
|φαγαμενονον<br/>phahamënonon||φαγαμεναντα<br/>phahamënanta
|-
!|attributive
|colspan="2"|φαγομενομοντ<br/>phahomënomont
|}
|}
{{col-break}}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
 
|+ ''φαγων'' 'eat' - past active
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ φαγων 'eat' - imperative passive
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|male
!|active
|''φαγαρ''||''φαγαντερ''
|φαγομεστι!<br/>phahomësti!||φαγομεστε!<br/>phahomëstë!
|-
!|female
|''φαγαρα''||''φαγαραι''
|-
!|inanimate
|''φαγαν''||''φαγαντα''
|}
|}
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}
===Numbers===
All numbers are indeclinable:
1-10: ën, dwi, trya, tëttar, pënta, ëksa, ëpta, ohta, ënnya, dëka
11-20: ëndyutrũ, dwidyutru, ..., ikori (< hen deuterou, dyo deuterou, ... "one of the second [ten], two of the second [ten], ..." cf. Estonian üks·teist, kaks·teist, ...)
100: ëkaton
1000: khilya


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
The unmarked word order is SOV, genitive-noun, adjective noun, noun-relative clause, noun-adposition.
Kwenya syntax is similar to Finnish.


===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Kwenya_Greek"