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Umbrean: Difference between revisions

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''Negation'':
''Negation'':


Negation is done though the VAT vowel, it changes from the +, positive or affirmative coloumn, to the -, negative or negation coloumn of the same sort along with agreeing like the vowel normally is.
Negation is done though the VAT vowel, it changes from the +, positive or affirmative coloumn, to the -, negative or negation coloumn of the same sort along with agreeing like the vowel normally is, along with a suffix prior to it. -ŋ- prior to the VAT vowel, unless the final consonant prior is plosive velar, k or g, in which it is -m- instead.


:{| {{style|center}}
:{| {{style|center}}
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|}
|}


{| {{style|center|width:600px;|collapsible collapsed}}
 
! colspan=3 | Examples
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#VAT|Verb Examples]]''
|-
 
| width=33% |
 
{| {{style|center}}
! Active
|-
| fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw
|-
| fššed-yss tsümj ǧlov-ëssw
|-
| wolf-{{sc|erg.s.indf}} {{sc|1s.acc}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.act.pst.prf}}
|-
| A wolf bit me
|}
| width=34% |
{| {{style|center}}
! Anti-Passive
|-
| fššedy ǧlovets
|-
| fššed-y ǧlov-ets
|-
| wolf-{{sc|int.s.indf}} bite-{{sc|1.neg.ind.antip.prs.cont}}
|-
| A wolf is not biting <br> wolves don't bite
|}
|
{| {{style|center}}
! Passive
|-
| tswë ǧlovukwš
|-
| tswë ǧlov-ukwš
|-
| {{sc|1s.int}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.pas.past/prs.term}}
|-
| I stopped being bitten <br> I am stopping being bitten
|}
|-
| Example of active voice where the wolf is in ergative case and the speaker is in accusative case. Notice how the verbs VAT vowel is conjugated according to the object/Patient and not the subject.
| Anti-passive voice, notice how the VAT vowel conjugates into a negative sense and only goes with the subject but also that it can take on a general or undefined meaning.
| Passive voice, notice positive VAT and subject agreement
|}
====Mood====
====Mood====


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|}
|}


 
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Mood|Examples]]''




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the initial ë disappears if it begins with a vowel.
the initial ë disappears if it begins with a vowel.
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Circumstantial Voice|Examples]]''


===Participle===
===Participle===
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And thirdly they are used to modify the verb in the phrase.
And thirdly they are used to modify the verb in the phrase.


To get the subject or object back into the clause one uses the Postpositions Kwë and Tlë, both highly irregular, before the participle with the noun in their proper case.
To get the subject or object back into the clause one simply puts the noun infront of the participle in postpositional case, similar to "The '''man''' eating woman".


Active voice cannot be used in participles.
Active voice cannot be used in participles.


To form a participle the conjugated verb is taken with the addition of a vowel which is depended on the tense in question and a consonant which depends on the gender of the subject that is being relativized, doesn't matter which of the two uses, and the voice in question.
To form a participle the conjugated verb is taken with the addition of a vowel which is depended on the tense in question and a consonant which depends on the gender of the subject that is being relativized, doesn't matter which of the two uses, and the voice in question. The vowel may be omitted when phonotactics allows it.


:{|{{style|center}}
:{|{{style|center}}
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|}
|}


''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Adjectival Participle|Examples]]''
====Adverbial====
The adverbial participle is formed in a similar manner to the adjectival participle but there are differenses.


 
The verb is conjugated but the VAT vowel is replaced with a different set. and the ending changes only according to the voice.
:{| {{style|center}}
!
! Base
! Passive<br>Present<br>1p/2p<br>Liv
! Anti-Passive<br>Present<br>3p<br>Mag
|-
! Conjugation
| rowspan=2 | Ödz
| Ödzešš
| Ödzots
|-
! Participle
| Ödzeššët
| Ödzetsëlj
|}
 
====Adverbial====
The adverbial participle is formed in a similar manner to the adjectival participle but there are differenses.
 
The verb is conjugated but the VAT vowel is replaced with a different set. and the ending changes only according to the voice.


{| {{style|center}}
{| {{style|center}}
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|-
|-
! Passive
! Passive
| -yn || -aam
| -(y)n || -(aa)m
|-
|-
! Anti-passive
! Anti-passive
| -im || -ën
| -(im) || -(ë)n
|-
|-
! Circumstantial
! Circumstantial
| -yŋ || -iiŋ
| -(y)ŋ || -(ii)ŋ
|}
|}
The vowel in the voice-polarity suffix is not used in present tempus or where phonotactics allows it's omition


The adverbial participle can be used in several manners and each manner usually requires a specific set of tempuses to be used
The adverbial participle can be used in several manners and each manner usually requires a specific set of tempuses to be used
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#*Tells what outcome the verb has.
#*Tells what outcome the verb has.
#'''Concession'''
#'''Concession'''
#*Ingressus, Present & Initio
#*Ingressus, Present & Initio, Futurum Termius
#*The verb happened despite the action or state of the participle.
#*The verb happened despite the action or state of the participle.
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Adverbial Participle|Examples]]''


===Supine===
===Supine===
The supine describes actions done for the purpose of something ora result of the action. In english it is often the infitive form of the verb, "We walked over to Ronald '''To help him'''".
The supine describes actions done for the purpose of something or a result of the action. In english it is often the infitive form of the verb, "We walked over to Ronald '''To help him'''". Important to notice is that the supine, unlike adverbial participles, can inherently take an object if it neccesitates it.
 
Can also mark the purpose of a noun if used infront of them.


Supines don't take conjugational affixation but rather these to mark positive or negative, to do or not to do it.
Supines don't take conjugational affixation but rather these to mark positive or negative, to do or not to do it.
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| -lüü
| -lüü
|}
|}
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Supine|Examples]]''


===Gerund===
===Gerund===
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|}
|}


:{| {{style|center}}
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Gerund|Examples]]''
!
 
! Base
===Infinitives===
! Passive Present<br>1p/2p
! Anti-Passive<br>Present<br>1p/2p
|-
! Conjugation
| rowspan=2 | Ödz
| Ödzešš
| Ödzots
|-
! Noun Clause
| Ödzeššël
| Ödzotsël
|}


===Modal Forms===
===Modal Forms===
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<sup>1</sup> vowels are omitable if the phonotactic allows it
<sup>1</sup> vowels are omitable if the phonotactic allows it
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Modal Verbs|Examples]]''


===Sequence of tenses===
===Sequence of tenses===
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{{see|sub|Ditransitive verbs}}
{{see|sub|Ditransitive verbs}}


{{lg|Ditransitive Verbs}} in the umbrean language are arranged in the fashion of '''{{cyan|O<sub>1</sub>}}{{yellow|S}}{{purple|O<sub>2</sub>}}V.''' The first object is the recipient, direct object, and the second object is the theme (indirect object) and the Subject is the Donor.
{{lg|Ditransitive Verbs}} in the umbrean language are arranged in the fashion of '''{{yellow|S}}{{purple|O<sub>1</sub>}}V{{cyan|O<sub>2</sub>}}.''' The first object is the theme, indirect object, and the second object is the recipient (direct object) and the Subject is the Donor.  
 
'''{{yellow|S}}{{purple|O<sub>T</sub>}}V{{cyan|O<sub>R</sub>}}.'''


English Examples: "I give him a book" vs "I gave a book to him", "He asked me a question" vs "He asked a question to me"
English Examples: "I give him a book" vs "I gave a book to him", "He asked me a question" vs "He asked a question to me"
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{| {{style|center}}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=2 | Declensions
! colspan=5 | Declensions
|-
! rowspan=2 | Dec
! colspan=4 | Gender
|-
|-
! Name
! Mag
! Vowels
! Liv
! Art
! Non
|-
|-
| 1st
! 1st
| a-ee-u
| a-ee-u
| y-o-öö
| ee-i-ë
| ü-uu-e
|-
|-
| 2nd
! 2nd
|
| ii-o-e
| ii-o-e
| o-a-üü
|-
|-
| 3rd
! 3rd
| y-o-öö
|
|-
|
| 4th
| ee-i-ë
|-
| 5th
| ü-uu-e
|-
| 6th
| o-a-üü
|-
| 7th
| y-uu-o
| y-uu-o
|}
|}
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Declension|Examples]]''


===Possession===
===Possession===
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Inalienable possession refer to possession that is static through time, your arm will always be your arm, parents will always be parents even if disowned. In this case both are in indefiniate state but the same case.
Inalienable possession refer to possession that is static through time, your arm will always be your arm, parents will always be parents even if disowned. In this case both are in indefiniate state but the same case.


In both cases the possessed comes before the possessor in the word order.
In both cases the possessed comes after the possessor in the word order.
 
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Possession|Examples]]''


==Adjective==
==Adjective==
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|}
|}


 
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Adjective|Examples]]''
 
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=2 | Forms
|-
! Form
! Suffix
|-
| Negative
| -öššw
|-
| Equative
| -yž
|-
| Positive
| -oovj
|}


===Predicate===
===Predicate===
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| -itj || -osj || -ymj
| -itj || -osj || -ymj
|}
|}
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Postpositions|Examples]]''
==Word Order==


==Deixis, Proforms & Anaphora==
==Deixis, Proforms & Anaphora==
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====Interogative Pronouns====
====Interogative Pronouns====
The pronouns are similar to english with a few addition, it distinguishes between an item, a living thing, an animal and a sapient being.
The pronouns are similar to english with a few addition, it distinguishes between an item, a living thing, an animal and a sapient being.
{| {{style|center}}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=7 | Interrogative pronouns
! colspan=7 | Interrogative pronouns
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| flat || fljat || flwat
| flat || fljat || flwat
|}
|}
There is a hierarchy of choice which you ask for depending on level of knowledge, the higher it is in the hierarchy the more specific it must be that kind of entity.
High > ''Person'' '''>''' ''Animal'' '''>''' ''Living'' '''>''' ''Thing'' > Low
===Demonstratives===
===Demonstratives===
Demonstratives are highly contextual. They refer to a specific entity of some sort that is deduced from what is said and done around.
Demonstratives are highly contextual. They refer to a specific entity of some sort that is deduced from what is said and done around.
*'''This''': Refers to an entity close to the speaker
*'''That''': Refers to an entity close to the listener
*'''Yon''': Refers to an entity neither close to the speaker nor listener
====Demonstratives Determiner====
====Demonstratives Determiner====
{| {{style|center}}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=11 | Demonstrative Determiner
! colspan=11 | Demonstrative Determiner
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
! colspan=11 | {{red|mag}} - {{green|liv}} - {{purple|art}} - {{blue|non}}
! colspan=11 | {{red|mag}} - {{green|liv}} - {{purple|art}} - {{blue|non}} <br> {{yellow|mag - liv}} - {{cyan|art - non}}
|-  
|-  
! colspan=1 | Case↓
! colspan=1 | Case↓
! colspan=1 | This
! colspan=3 | This
! colspan=1 | That
! colspan=3 | That
! colspan=1 | Yon  
! colspan=3 | Yon  
|-
! Sg.
! Pc.
! Pl.
! Sg.
! Pc.
! Pl.
! Sg.
! Pc.
! Pl.
|-
|-
! Int
! Int
<!-- This -->
<!-- This -->
| {{red|tlet}} <br> {{green|tlež}} <br> {{purple|tlezj}} <br> {{blue|tledj}}
| {{red|tlet}} <br> {{green|tlež}} <br> {{purple|tlezj}} <br> {{blue|tledj}}
| {{yellow|tljëv}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëv}}
| tliizz
| {{red|zzliit}} <br> {{green|zzliž}} <br> {{purple|zzliizj}} <br> {{blue|zzliidj}}
| {{red|zzliit}} <br> {{green|zzliž}} <br> {{purple|zzliizj}} <br> {{blue|zzliidj}}
| {{red|tslyt}} <br> {{green|tslyž}} <br> {{purple|tslyzj}} <br> {{blue|tslydj}}
| {{red|tslyt}} <br> {{green|tslyž}} <br> {{purple|tslyzj}} <br> {{blue|tslydj}}
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! Erg
! Erg
| {{red|tletsw}} <br> {{green|tležžw}} <br> {{purple|tlezzw}} <br> {{blue|tledzw}}
| {{red|tletsw}} <br> {{green|tležžw}} <br> {{purple|tlezzw}} <br> {{blue|tledzw}}
| {{yellow|tljëz}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëz}}
| tliizw
| {{red|zzliitsw}} <br> {{green|zzliižžw}} <br> {{purple|zzliizzw}} <br> {{blue|zzliidzw}}
| {{red|zzliitsw}} <br> {{green|zzliižžw}} <br> {{purple|zzliizzw}} <br> {{blue|zzliidzw}}
| {{red|tslytsw}} <br> {{green|tslyžžw}} <br> {{purple|tslyzzw}} <br> {{blue|tslydzw}}
| {{red|tslytsw}} <br> {{green|tslyžžw}} <br> {{purple|tslyzzw}} <br> {{blue|tslydzw}}
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! Acc
! Acc
| {{red|tlesn}} <br> {{green|tležwn}} <br> {{purple|tlezjn}} <br> {{blue|tlezn}}
| {{red|tlesn}} <br> {{green|tležwn}} <br> {{purple|tlezjn}} <br> {{blue|tlezn}}
| {{yellow|tljëvm}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëvm}}
| tliizn
| {{red|zzliisn}} <br> {{green|zzliižwn}} <br> {{purple|zzliizjn}} <br> {{blue|zzliizn}}
| {{red|zzliisn}} <br> {{green|zzliižwn}} <br> {{purple|zzliizjn}} <br> {{blue|zzliizn}}
| {{red|tslysn}} <br> {{green|tslyžwn}} <br> {{purple|tslyzjn}} <br> {{blue|tslyzn}}
| {{red|tslysn}} <br> {{green|tslyžwn}} <br> {{purple|tslyzjn}} <br> {{blue|tslyzn}}
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! Pst
! Pst
| {{red|tletsw}} <br> {{green|tledžw}} <br> {{purple|tledzw}} <br> {{blue|tledzw}}
| {{red|tletsw}} <br> {{green|tledžw}} <br> {{purple|tledzw}} <br> {{blue|tledzw}}
| {{yellow|tljëdw}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëdw}}
| tliidz
| {{red|zzliitsw}} <br> {{green|zzliidžw}} <br> {{purple|zzliidzw}} <br> {{blue|zzliidzw}}
| {{red|zzliitsw}} <br> {{green|zzliidžw}} <br> {{purple|zzliidzw}} <br> {{blue|zzliidzw}}
| {{red|tslytsw}} <br> {{green|tslydžw}} <br> {{purple|tslydzw}} <br> {{blue|tslydzw}}
| {{red|tslytsw}} <br> {{green|tslydžw}} <br> {{purple|tslydzw}} <br> {{blue|tslydzw}}
|}
|}
====Demonstrative Pronouns====
=====Affection=====
Determiners don't only refer to physical distance but can refer to emotional distance.
*'''This''': Refers to an entity the speaker is very affectionate toward, children, close family, good friends typicly. May include things one has laboured for long and developed emotional attatchment to.
*'''That''': Refers to an entity the speaker is neutral toward. Such Possessions, bought items, distant family members, general people.
*'''Yon''': Refers to an entity the speaker is emotional distant to or even disdain, people one dislike or items of bad association.
 
 
=====Definiteness=====
Nouns can occure definite and indefinite form with a determiner with slight meaning
 
{| {{style|center}}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=10 | Demonstrative Pronouns
!
! width=200px | Definite
! width=200px | Indefinete
|-
! This
| ''The thing close to me that can be seen or whichs location is well known''
| ''The thing that is somewhere near me but cannot be seen by you or both of us''
|-
! That
| ''The thing close to you that can be seen or whichs location is well known''
| ''The thing that is somewhere near you but cannot be seen by me or both of us''
|-
! Yon
| ''The thing far from us that can be seen or whichs location is well known''
| ''The thing that is far from us and beyond sight'' or ''The thing that is somewhere around and cannot be seen by us''
|}
 
====Demonstrative Pronouns====
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=10 | Demonstrative Pronouns
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
! colspan=10 | {{red|mag}} - {{green|liv}} - {{purple|art}} - {{blue|non}} <br> {{yellow|mag - liv}} - {{cyan|art - non}}
! colspan=10 | {{red|mag}} - {{green|liv}} - {{purple|art}} - {{blue|non}} <br> {{yellow|mag - liv}} - {{cyan|art - non}}
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| džlwidts
| džlwidts
|}
|}
====Compound demonstratives====
There exist also compound demonstratives, they are composed of demonstrative pronoun + postposition. Key thing to remember is that the demonstrative pronoun takes the gender of the noun it acts upon, wether determiner or pronoun, and the postposition takes the same gender, but the demonstrative pronoun takes the neccisery case marking of the postposition
{| {{style|center}}
! Determiner
| Demonstrative<br>Pronoun
| Postposition
|}
This only expands the determiners and not the pronouns except a few handful cases
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Compound Demonstratives|Examples]]''


===Gender mixture===
===Gender mixture===
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The gender of the deixis is picked by the closest word or the one wishes to focus on more.
The gender of the deixis is picked by the closest word or the one wishes to focus on more.
==Quantifiers==
===Determiner===


==Personal Pronouns==
==Personal Pronouns==
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| tšwat || tšwlat
| tšwat || tšwlat
|-
|-
! rowspan="8"|3rd
! rowspan="10"|3rd
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=4| Object
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=5| Object
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Animal
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Magical
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Magical
| tsjaš
| tsjaš
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| džwazd || džwlazd
| džwazd || džwlazd
|-
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=3|Person
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=4|Person
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1|General
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1|General
| ŋŋo
| ŋŋo
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| miit || mliit
| miit || mliit
| mmat || mlat
| mmat || mlat
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1| Sick one
|-
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=2|General
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=2|General
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|}
|}


{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=2 | First person inclusive dual
|-
! Case
! Pro-noun
|-
! Int
|-
! Erg
|-
! Acc
|-
! Pst
|}


abdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsštstuvyzžüëö
abdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsštstuvyzžüëö
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! Likely
! Likely
<!-- Condition -->
<!-- Condition -->
| Past Initio
| Causum
| Indicative
| Indicative
| Base
| Base
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| Abilative
| Abilative
<!-- Result-->
<!-- Result-->
| Initio
| Futurm Consequenta
| Subjunctive
| Subjunctive
| Hypothetical
| Hypothetical
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| Base
| Base
<!-- Result-->
<!-- Result-->
| Ingressus
| Consequentum
| Subjunctive
| Subjunctive
| Hypothetical
| Hypothetical
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==Accusative Absolute==
==Accusative Absolute==
Accusative Absolute is similar to latins {{lg|Ablative Absolute}}, a participle plus a noun describing things around the verb. It always occure in the begining before the subject or agent.
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Accusative Absolute|Examples]]''


==Modality==
==Modality==
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This is achived by putting the noun into intransitive construction state with the proper number vowel and then use it as an ordinary verb.
This is achived by putting the noun into intransitive construction state with the proper number vowel and then use it as an ordinary verb.


:{| {{style|center}}
Adjectives for noun predicates, "''He is a '''green''' dog''", is used like an adjective predicate present adverbial participle.
|
 
|-
Relative clause for noun predicates, "''He is the man '''that I saw yesterday'''''", is used adverbial participle.
|
 
|-
 
| {{sc|2.sg}} <{{sc|acc.const.sg}}>Idiot-{{sc|1/2.sg.ind.prs.ctn}}
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Noun Copula|Examples]]''
|-
|
|}


'''Adpositional Predicate'''
'''Adpositional Predicate'''
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*<sup>2</sup>: is only used if it ends in a vowel
*<sup>2</sup>: is only used if it ends in a vowel


:{| {{style|center}}
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Adposition Copula|Examples]]''
| mǧö mtomöökwlë
|-
| mǧö mto>möökw<l-ë
|-
| {{sc|2.sg}} <{{sc|acc.const.sg}}>Idiot-{{sc|1/2.sg.ind.prs.ctn}}
|-
| You're an idiot
|}


'''Locative Predicate'''
'''Locative Predicate'''
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Adjectival predicates are achived through using the adjective as a verb all on its own and have it declined according to the noun.
Adjectival predicates are achived through using the adjective as a verb all on its own and have it declined according to the noun.


''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Adjective Copula|Examples]]''


'''Existential'''
'''Existential'''
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'''tswümj''': v.t.a
'''tswümj''': v.t.a
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Existencial Copula|Examples]]''


==Question==
==Question==
===Polarity questions===
Polarity
===Content Question===
Questions are formed by inverting the position of the Agent and the Object if its transitive, otherwise it remains the same with the Subject. The question word and particles does the rest to signify it is a question.
Questions are formed by inverting the position of the Agent and the Object if its transitive, otherwise it remains the same with the Subject. The question word and particles does the rest to signify it is a question.


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|-
|-
! Right
! Right
| {{cd|Pjodwia}}
| {{term|Pjodwia}}
| {{cd|Amodwia}}
| {{term|Amodwia}}
| {{cd|Migna}}
| {{term|Migna}}
|-
|-
! Left
! Left
| {{cd|Bjana}}
| {{term|Bjana}}
| {{cd|Bjuma}}
| {{term|Bjuma}}
| {{cd|Bfignina}}
| {{term|Bfignina}}
|-
|-
! Up
! Up
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
|-
|-
! Down
! Down
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
|-
|-
! Forward
! Forward
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
|-
|-
! Backward
! Backward
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
|}
|}


Line 3,160: Line 3,192:
|-
|-
| -
| -
| Time when done<br />happen
| Time when or place<br /> where done happen
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
| Noun
Line 3,180: Line 3,212:
|-
|-
|  
|  
| Used to do verb
| Instrumental Used to do verb
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
| Noun
Line 3,224: Line 3,256:
|  
|  
| Part of
| Part of
| Verb
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
Line 3,232: Line 3,264:
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
| -(o)ŋ
| -ŋ
| living thing
| living thing
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
| -(y)nn
| -nn
| Female of
| Female of
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
| -(ö)mm
| -mm
| Male of
| Male of
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
| -dwa
| -tjidw
| Dominion of, domain of
| Dominion of, domain of
| Noun
| Noun
Line 3,260: Line 3,292:
| Language of
| Language of
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
|-
| -nits
| Producer of
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
Line 3,266: Line 3,303:
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|}
|-
 
|
===To Adjective===
|
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
| Noun
! colspan=4 | To Adjective
| Noun
|-
|-
! colspan=4 | From Verb
|
|
| Noun
| Noun
|}
 
===To Adjective===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 | To Adjective
|-
! colspan=4 | From Verb
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
Line 3,301: Line 3,348:
| Adj
| Adj
|-
|-
|
| -lo
|
| for the purpose of
| Verb
| Adj
|-
| -lë
| not for the purpose of
| Verb
| Verb
| Adj
| Adj
Line 3,549: Line 3,601:
|-
|-
! 8
! 8
| Eight ||  
| Eight || dël
| Eighth ||
| Eighth ||
| One Eighth ||
| One Eighth ||
Line 3,555: Line 3,607:
|-
|-
! 9
! 9
| Nine ||  
| Nine || atlit
| Nineth ||
| Nineth ||
| One Nineth ||
| One Nineth ||
Line 3,561: Line 3,613:
|-
|-
! 10
! 10
| Ten ||  
| Ten || ekkim
| Tenth ||
| Tenth ||
| One Tenth ||
| One Tenth ||
Line 3,567: Line 3,619:
|-
|-
! 11
! 11
| Eleven ||  
| Eleven || slletw
| Eleventh ||
| Eleventh ||
| One Eleventh ||
| One Eleventh ||
Line 3,716: Line 3,768:
*Adjectives ()
*Adjectives ()
**
**
==Sentence Order==
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=6 | Intransitive
|-
| colspan=2 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 colspan=2 | '''Verb'''<br>phrase
|-
| colspan=2 | {{blue|'''Intransitive'''}}<br>case
|-
! colspan=6 | Transitive
|-
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 colspan=2 | '''Verb'''<br>phrase
|-
| colspan=1 | {{Green|'''Ergative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{red|'''Accusative'''}}<br>case
|-
! colspan=6 | Ditransitive
|-
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Verb'''<br>phrase
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
|-
| colspan=1 | {{Green|'''Ergative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{red|'''Accusative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{purple|'''Postpositional'''}}<br>case
|}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=6 | Noun Phrase
|-
| Postpositional<br>Clause
| Number
| Determiner
| Adjective
| Relative<br>Clause
| Noun
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Verb'''<sub>gerund</sub>
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
|-
| colspan=1 | {{Green|'''Ergative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{red|'''Accusative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{purple|'''Postpositional'''}}<br>case
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
| colspan=6 | Infinitive
|}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=6 | Relative Phrase
|-
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Verb'''<sub>participle</sub>
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
|-
| colspan=1 | {{Green|'''Ergative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{red|'''Accusative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{purple|'''Postpositional'''}}<br>case
|}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=2 | Postpositional <br> Phrase
|-
| Noun <br> Phrase
| Postpostition
|}
[[Category: Umbrean]]
[[Category: Umbrean]]
[[Category:Languages]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Umbrean"