Auscarish: Difference between revisions
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Stress is not important in Auscarish. It varies from dialect to dialect. | Stress is not important in Auscarish. It varies from dialect to dialect. | ||
== | ==Derivation== | ||
===Nouns=== | ====Nouns==== | ||
Nouns can derive from verbs. For -lo verbs, the suffix -ći is added. For -le verbs, the suffix -fi is added. If the verb is irregular, both form are correct. For example: | Nouns can derive from verbs. For -lo verbs, the suffix -ći is added. For -le verbs, the suffix -fi is added. If the verb is irregular, both form are correct. For example: | ||
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* viri (equal) - virige (equality) | * viri (equal) - virige (equality) | ||
===Verbs=== | ====Verbs==== | ||
Some verbs are derived from nouns. For example: | Some verbs are derived from nouns. For example: | ||
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There is no rule for forming verbs from nouns. | There is no rule for forming verbs from nouns. | ||
===Adverbs=== | ====Adverbs==== | ||
Adverbs are usually formed by doubling the adjective. For example: | Adverbs are usually formed by doubling the adjective. For example: | ||
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(Eś) '''yedirid''' utedigan. - They protested by not eating | (Eś) '''yedirid''' utedigan. - They protested by not eating | ||
== | ==Verbs== | ||
There are two verb types in Auscarish: -le verbs and -lo verbs. | There are two verb types in Auscarish: -le verbs and -lo verbs. | ||
=== | ===Time agreement=== | ||
The Auscarish language has 3 tenses: present, perfect and future. | The Auscarish language has 3 tenses: present, perfect and future. | ||
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The past continuous tense can be formed by: the verb ele in the perfect tense + the verb without -le/lo | The past continuous tense can be formed by: the verb ele in the perfect tense + the verb without -le/lo | ||
===-le verbs=== | |||
Form: | Form: | ||
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IMPORTANT: In both verb types, the prefixes of the future/perfect tenses vary according to the first letter of the verb. Also, if the verb's last letter before -le/-lo is a vowel, then the buffer consonant (-j-) is added before conjugating in the present tense. | IMPORTANT: In both verb types, the prefixes of the future/perfect tenses vary according to the first letter of the verb. Also, if the verb's last letter before -le/-lo is a vowel, then the buffer consonant (-j-) is added before conjugating in the present tense. | ||
Example conjugation: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===-lo verbs=== | |||
Form: | Form: | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===Irregular verbs=== | |||
The most common irregular verb is ele (to be): | The most common irregular verb is ele (to be): | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=== | ===Moods=== | ||
====Imperative==== | |||
The imperative voice is formed by using the suffix -o. Irregular verbs that undergo a root change can be conjugated in both ways. For example: | |||
* lomle (to go) - lomo! (go!) | |||
* matle (to wait, irregular verb, conj. as mattle) - mato/matto! (wait!) | |||
For third person singular/plural: | |||
* Andrea lom'''o'''! (Shall/let Andrea go) | |||
* Eś matt'''o'''! (Shall/let them wait) | |||
For first person singular/plural: | |||
* Ti lom'''o'''! (Let's go!) | |||
* En s'''o'''! (Let me do!) | |||
For negatives, "mu" is used: | |||
* Mu lom'''o''' (Don't go!) | |||
* Mu matt'''o''' (Don't wait!) | |||
====Conditional==== | |||
The word zim is used before the main verb and the suffix -(j)ol used after the verb root to indicate a conditional state that will cause something else to happen. Irregular verbs except ele (to be) are conjugated the same as regular verbs. Ele is conjugated normally. F | |||
* Daqen '''zim''' karkal'''ol''' qte tegüle. (The bomb would explode if you touch it.) | |||
For negative sentences, "mu" is used: | |||
* '' | * '''Zim''' '''mu''' ev'''ol''' defim qte waqam evët? (Wouldn't there be gods if there were no humans?) | ||
===Passive voice=== | |||
Add ni ... before a conjugated (3rd person) verb. Examples: | |||
* ille (to see) - ila (he/she/it sees) - ni ila (is seen) | |||
* benkle (to speak) - benka (he/she/it speaks) - ni benka (is spoken) | |||
===Zuwattaynasep conjugation=== | |||
Zuwattaynasep conjugations express wish, ability and necessity. | |||
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==Indefinite articles== | ==Nouns== | ||
In Auscarish, nouns have no gender. | |||
===Nominalization=== | |||
====For adjectives and nouns==== | |||
Adjectives become nouns and nouns change their meanings. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! meaning !! suffix !! example | |||
|- | |||
| the one which is x || -(t)eh || Nawö oku'''teh'''. (I like the red one.) | |||
|- | |||
| the one which is from x || -hake || Awskar'''hake'''m popa of Awskar. (Auscarians live in Auscaria) | |||
|- | |||
| the one which is in/on/at x || -gef || Kexat'''gef''' e cor nak sunaw'''gef''' e qolnak. (The one in the exercise is difficult but the one in the exam is easy.) | |||
|- | |||
| the one with x (in it) || -get || Ehövat'''get''' e bag lav köt 'ekalat'''get'''. (The one with coffee in it is better than the one with chocolate in it.) | |||
|- | |||
| the one which is to x || -tog || Ürec'an Vayej'''tog''' jü! (We will miss the one to the Vayej!) | |||
|- | |||
| the one which is owned by multiple x's || -samsa || Aday'''samsa''' e bag lav köt essateh. (The one which the candidates own is better than the other.) | |||
|- | |||
| the one which is owned by x || -sam || Aday'''sam''' e bag lav köt essateh. (The one which the candidate owns is better than the other.) | |||
|} | |||
===Indefinite articles=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
If the word is in more than one class, the article of one which comes before on the list is used. These articles come after adjectives and before nouns. | If the word is in more than one class, the article of one which comes before on the list is used. These articles come after adjectives and before nouns. For example: | ||
i racam - a car | |||
tesi - blue | |||
tesi i racam - a blue car (not i tesi racam) | |||
==Pronouns== | |||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Languages]] | ||