|
|
| (179 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{clade
| | '''Riqian''' (''Riqīmā'' /rikʷiːmaː/) is an extinct Talmic language, a close relative of [[Thensarian]]. |
| |label1=[[Thensarian|Noble Thensarian]]
| | ==Phonology== |
| |1={{clade
| | Linking and intrusive /ʕ/ is used between word-final /aː eː oː/ and a following vowel |
| |label1=Primitive Tígeł
| |
| |1={{clade
| |
| |label1=[[Old Tígeł]]
| |
| |1={{clade
| |
| |1=Modern [[Tígeł]]
| |
| |2=[[An D:Dhõnõḷai]]
| |
| |3=[[Bhadhagha]]
| |
| |4=Hyper-Old Tígeł
| |
| }}
| |
| }}
| |
| |label2=Gebochamic
| |
| |2={{clade
| |
| |1=[[Gebocham]]
| |
| |2=[[Bênôcian]]
| |
| }}
| |
| |3=[[Nurian]]
| |
| |4=[[Andarin]]
| |
| }}
| |
| }}
| |
| ==Swedishy Tígełic (read: Fóõ gib)==
| |
| '''An D:Dhõnõḷai''' /ɑn ˈɮɤnɤɭɑj/ | |
| | |
| *cémh > kjau
| |
| *tiothar > tjuthaḷ
| |
| *nág > nõg
| |
| *daó > do
| |
| *sailir > säliḷ
| |
| *stámh > stõu
| |
| *ródh > ḷadh > ladh
| |
| *loreth > loḷäth
| |
| *arbh > aḷv
| |
| *eór > jõḷ
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
| |
| !rowspan="2"| Labial
| |
| !colspan="2"| Dental
| |
| !colspan="2"| Retroflex
| |
| !rowspan="2"| Alveolo-palatal
| |
| !rowspan="2"| Palatal
| |
| !rowspan="2"| Velar
| |
| !rowspan="2"| Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>central</small>
| |
| !<small>lateral</small>
| |
| !<small>central</small>
| |
| !<small>lateral</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="2"|Nasal
| |
| | '''m''' m
| |
| | '''n''' n ||
| |
| | '''ṇ''' ɳ ||
| |
| |
| |
| | '''nj, ŋj''' ɲ
| |
| | '''ŋ''' ŋ
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2"|Stop
| |
| !<small>voiceless</small>
| |
| | '''p''' p
| |
| | '''t''' t ||
| |
| | '''ṭ''' ʈ ||
| |
| | '''tj, kj''' tɕ
| |
| |
| |
| | '''k''' k
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | '''b''' b
| |
| | '''d''' d ||
| |
| | '''ḍ''' ɖ ||
| |
| | '''dj, gj''' dʑ
| |
| |
| |
| | '''g''' g
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2"|Fricative
| |
| !<small>voiceless</small>
| |
| | '''f''' f
| |
| | '''s''' s || '''th''' ɬ
| |
| | '''ṣ''' ʂ || '''ṭh''' ꞎ
| |
| | '''sj, chj''' ɕ
| |
| | '''hj''' ç
| |
| | '''ch''' x
| |
| |rowspan="2"| '''h''' h
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | '''v''' v
| |
| | '''z''' z || '''dh''' ɮ
| |
| | '''ẓ''' ʐ || '''ḍh''' ɮ˞
| |
| | '''zj, ghj''' ʑ
| |
| |
| |
| | '''gh''' ɣ
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="2"| Approximant
| |
| | '''w''' w || || '''l''' l || || '''ḷ''' ɭ || || '''j''' j || ||
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Mutations:
| |
| bh ch dh fh gh mh ph sh th zh > v ch dh w gh w f h th 0
| |
| mb gc nd mhf ŋg bp nts dt > m g n v ŋ b z d
| |
| | |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Front
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Back
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
| |
| ! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
| |
| ! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
| |
| ! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | '''i''' /i/
| |
| | '''ü''' /y/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''u''' /u/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Mid
| |
| | '''e''' /e/
| |
| | '''ö''' /ø/
| |
| | '''õ''' /ɤ/
| |
| | '''o''' /o/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open
| |
| | '''ä''' /æ/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''a''' /ɑ/
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| glides: '''-i/-u''' /-j -w/ < Old Tígeł ''-gh/-mh''
| |
| | |
| ===Consonant reflexes===
| |
| ''ndr, tr, thr, dr, dhr, sr, zsr, r'' = /ɳ ʈ ꞎ ɖ ɮ˞ ʂ ʐ ɭ/
| |
| | |
| ===Vowel reflexes===
| |
| ====Long vowels====
| |
| *''aé'' > ''e''
| |
| *''é'' > ''ja''
| |
| *''á'' > ''õ''
| |
| *''aó'' > ''o''
| |
| *''aói, ói'' > ''ö''
| |
| *''úi'' > ''ü''
| |
| *''ó'' > ''a''
| |
| *''í'' > ''i''
| |
| *''eá, eó'' > ''jõ''
| |
| *''eí'' > ''i''
| |
| *''eío'' > ''jo''
| |
| *''eú'' > ''jö''
| |
| *''iú'' > ''ju''
| |
| *''aí'' > ''e''
| |
| *''ú'' > ''u''
| |
| | |
| ====Short vowels====
| |
| *''a, e, i, o, u'' > ''a, jä, i, õ, u''?
| |
| *''ao, eo, io, aio'' > ''o, jõ, ju, jo''?
| |
| *''ai, ei, oi/aoi, ui'' > ''ä, i, ö, ü''
| |
| | |
| ==Proto-Tigalic==
| |
| *Aramaization: h > 0 x, ɣ > ħ, ʕ; θ, ð > t, d; f > h (except before /l/ and /r/); begadkefat
| |
| *general y~u, ȳ~ū merger
| |
| *ʕ > ŋ
| |
| *p t k b d g m n ŋ h r l v j + creaky voice
| |
| *a e i o u ā ē ī ō ū ai au
| |
| | |
| ==Gebocham==
| |
| Uncanny-valley English with a Franco-Turkish flavor. Native name: ''Gebocham'' /dʒəbʌʃɑŋ/
| |
| *Vowels: æ ɪ i ʌ ə ʊ ʉ < a/ae ē/i ī ā/o/au e ō/u/y ū/ȳ
| |
| *Vowel harmony groups:
| |
| **high tense: i ʉ
| |
| **high lax: ɪ ʊ
| |
| **low: æ ʌ
| |
| **ə is neutral
| |
| *Rhotic vowels: [ɑɹ ɪɹ ɪɹ ɔɹ ɜɹ ʊɹ ʊɹ]
| |
| *"Nasal" vowels: [ɑŋ iŋ iŋ ɑŋ əŋ ɔŋ ɔŋ]
| |
| **All vowels may occur in open syllables e.g. dɹɪ
| |
| *Consonants: m n ŋ p t tʃ k ʔ b d dʒ g f s ʃ v z ʒ h ɹ l j
| |
| *I = /nʌ/
| |
| *thou = (m) /zɪɹ/, (f) /wɪɹ/
| |
| *he =
| |
| | |
| | |
| [[Category:Talmic languages|*]][[Category:Quihum languages]]
| |