Ancient Tevvic: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Tevvotanva
|name=Old Tevvic
|nativename=ťēvvó tâṇva
|nativename=ťēvvó tâṇa
|pronunciation=cɛːʋ.ˈʋɔ ˈtɑː.ɳʋə
|pronunciation=cɛːʋ.ˈʋɔ ˈtɑː.ɳɑ
|ethnicity=Tevvotanva
|ethnicity=Tevvics
|states=[[w:Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
|states=[[w:Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
Line 12: Line 12:
|script1=Latn
|script1=Latn
|ancestor=Proto-?
|ancestor=Proto-?
|ancestor2=Ancient Tevvotanva
|ancestor3=Middle Tevvotanva
|creator=[[User:Melinoë|Melinoë]]
|creator=[[User:Melinoë|Melinoë]]
|created=May, 2026
|created=May, 2026
|setting=
|setting=
|familycolor=Indo-European
|familycolor=Indo-European
|nation=India
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}
Line 27: Line 24:


==History==
==History==
===Pre-Modern===
===Modern===


==Development==
==Development==
===Ancient Tevvotanva===
*/x/ > /h/
*/x/ > /h/
*/r/ > /ɹ~ɻ/
*/r/ > /ɹ~ɻ/
*/VjV/ > /V:/
*unstressed /i, u, ɑ/ > /ə/, leaving /ʲ, ʷ/ on following consonant, with the last turning consonants retroflex. Approximants simply move place, to /j, w, ɻ/ or /ʎ, ɫ, ɭ/ respectively
*unstressed /i, u, ɑ/ > /ə/, leaving /ʲ, ʷ/ on following consonant, with the last turning consonants retroflex
**this palatal/labialization often affects the vowel and is then dropped
** this palatal/labialization often affects the vowel and is then dropped
*/ə/ lost where new clusters are easy
*/ə/ lost where new clusters are easy
*diphthongs simplify
*diphthongs simplify
*/VjV, VwV/ > /V:/
*coda nasals to nasalization where possible
*coda nasals to nasalization where possible
*word final /s/ > /h/
*word final /s/ > /h/
*word final /Vh{ʲ,ʷ}/ > /V{ʲ,ʷ}/
*word final /Vh{ʲ,ʷ}/ > /V{ʲ,ʷ}/
*/wu/ > /u/
*/wu/ > /u/
*nasal vowels break to /AV/, thus /ɛN/ > /jɛ/
*/ĩ, ũ, ɛ̃, ɔ̃, ɑ̃, ə̃/ > /ɨ, ɨ, ə, ə, ə, ɑ/
*overlong vowels to plain long
*overlong vowels to plain long
*/w, v/ > /ʋ/, /hw/ > /ʋ̥/
*/w, v/ > /ʋ/, /hw/ > /ʋ̥/
*/NC/ > /C:/ when of the same place, when not then place assimilation occurs, thus /nt/ > /t:/ but /mt/ > /nt/
*/{rt,tr,rc,cr}, {rd,dr,rɟ,ɟr}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rʃ,ʃr}, {rz,zr,rʒ,ʒr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ > /ʈ/ in some areas
*/{rt,tr,rc,cr}, {rd,dr,rɟ,ɟr}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rʃ,ʃr}, {rz,zr,rʒ,ʒr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ > /ʈ/ in some areas
 
*coda geminates to /Cʰ/
===Middle Tevvotanva===
 
===Modern Tevvotanva===


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 |  
! colspan=2 |  
! colspan=2 | labial
! labial
! colspan=2 | alveolar
! alveolar
! colspan=2 | velar
! retroflex
|-
! palatal
! broad
! velar
! slender
! broad
! slender
! broad
! slender
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | nasal
! colspan=2 | nasal
| m
| m
| mʲ
| n
| n
| ɳ
| ɲ
| ɲ
|
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 78: Line 64:
! unvoiced
! unvoiced
| p
| p
| pʲ
| t
| t
| tʲ
| ʈ
| c
| k
| k
| c
|-
|-
! voiced
! voiced
| b
| b
| bʲ
| d
| d
| dʲ
| ɖ
| g
| ɟ
| ɟ
| ɡ
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | fricative
! rowspan=2 | fricative
! unvoiced
! unvoiced
| f
| f
| fʲ
| s
| s
| ʂ
| ʃ
| ʃ
| x
| h
| ç
|-
|-
! voiced
! voiced
| v
|  
| vʲ
| z
| z
| ʐ
| ʒ
| ʒ
| ɣ
|  
| j
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | approximant
! colspan=2 | approximant
|  
| ʋ̥, ʋ
|  
| l
| ɾ, ɫ
| ɻ, ɭ
| ɾʲ, ʎ
| j, ʎ
| colspan=2 | j
| ɫ~ɰ
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 121: Line 103:
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 |  
! rowspan=3 |  
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | front
! colspan=4 | front
! colspan=4 | back
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | back
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | unround
! colspan=2 | unround
Line 137: Line 119:
| i
| i
| iː
| iː
| ɯ
| y
| ɯː
| yː
| u
| u
| uː
| uː
|-
|-
! Mid
! Mid
| e
| ɛ
| eː
| ɛː
| ɤ
| œ
| ɤː
| œː
| o
| ɔ
| oː
| ɔː
|-
|-
! Low
! Low
|  
|  
|
| (ə)
|  
|  
| ɑ
| ɑ
Line 159: Line 143:


===Prosody===
===Prosody===


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
Line 168: Line 150:
====Nouns====
====Nouns====
=====Masculines=====
=====Masculines=====
======a-stem======
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=A-stem masculine nouns|tall=yes}}
! rowspan=2 class=outer |
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|úlf}} ("wolf", acro.)
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|}} ("spear", meso.)
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|}} ("stomach", kin.)
|-
! singular
! plural
! singular
! plural
! singular
! plural
|-
! nominative
| úlf
| úlf<span style="color:red">oh</span>
|
|
|
|
|-
! vocative
| úlf
| úlf<span style="color:red">oh</span>
|
|
|
|
|-
! accusative
| úlf<span style="color:red">a</span>
| úlf<span style="color:red">ah</span>
|
|
|
|
|-
! allative
| úlf<span style="color:red">ōr</span>
| úlf<span style="color:red">vəh</span>
|
|
|
|
|-
! genitive
| úlf<span style="color:red"></span>
| úlf<span style="color:red">ə̄</span>
|
|
|
|
|-
! ablative
| úlf<span style="color:red">eť</span>
| úlf<span style="color:red">ah</span>
|
|
|
|
|-
! dative
| úlf<span style="color:red">ē</span>
| úlf<span style="color:red">ēuh</span>
|
|
|
|
|-
! instrumental
| úlf<span style="color:red">o</span>
| úlf<span style="color:red">əh</span>
|
|
|
|
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom|notes=}}
====Adjectives====
====Adjectives====
====Pronouns====
====Pronouns====
Line 260: Line 322:
|-
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| what is your name? <small>''(lit. "what name have you?")''</small>
| what is your name?
|-
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| my name is... <small>''(lit. "I have the name...")''</small>
| my name is...
|-
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
Line 281: Line 343:
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
!1
!1
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|êṇh}}
|-
|-
!2
!2
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|tvéh}}
|-
|-
!3
!3
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|ṭárh}}
|-
|-
!4
!4
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|ṣṭvár}}
|-
|-
!5
!5
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|pə́ṣ}}
|-
|-
!6
!6
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|sáhš}}
|-
|-
!7
!7
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|ṣvɨ́t}}
|-
|-
!8
!8
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|ẓdɨ́t}}
|-
|-
!9
!9
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|návɨt}}
|-
|-
!10
!10
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|tóhɨt}}
|-
|-
!11
!11
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|êṭṭḥɨt}}
|-
|-
!12
!12
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|tvêṭḥɨt}}
|-
|-
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 19:39, 28 May 2026


Old Tevvic
ťēvvó tâṇa
Pronunciation[cɛːʋ.ˈʋɔ ˈtɑː.ɳɑ]
Created byMelinoë
DateMay, 2026
Native toUttarakhand
EthnicityTevvics
Indo-European
  • ?
    • Tevvic
      • Old Tevvic
Early form
Proto-?
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.


Classification

History

Development

  • /x/ > /h/
  • /r/ > /ɹ~ɻ/
  • unstressed /i, u, ɑ/ > /ə/, leaving /ʲ, ʷ/ on following consonant, with the last turning consonants retroflex. Approximants simply move place, to /j, w, ɻ/ or /ʎ, ɫ, ɭ/ respectively
    • this palatal/labialization often affects the vowel and is then dropped
  • /ə/ lost where new clusters are easy
  • diphthongs simplify
  • /VjV, VwV/ > /V:/
  • coda nasals to nasalization where possible
  • word final /s/ > /h/
  • word final /Vh{ʲ,ʷ}/ > /V{ʲ,ʷ}/
  • /wu/ > /u/
  • /ĩ, ũ, ɛ̃, ɔ̃, ɑ̃, ə̃/ > /ɨ, ɨ, ə, ə, ə, ɑ/
  • overlong vowels to plain long
  • /w, v/ > /ʋ/, /hw/ > /ʋ̥/
  • /NC/ > /C:/ when of the same place, when not then place assimilation occurs, thus /nt/ > /t:/ but /mt/ > /nt/
  • /{rt,tr,rc,cr}, {rd,dr,rɟ,ɟr}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rʃ,ʃr}, {rz,zr,rʒ,ʒr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ > /ʈ/ in some areas
  • coda geminates to /Cʰ/

Phonology

labial alveolar retroflex palatal velar
nasal m n ɳ ɲ
stop unvoiced p t ʈ c k
voiced b d ɖ ɟ ɡ
fricative unvoiced f s ʂ ʃ h
voiced z ʐ ʒ
approximant ʋ̥, ʋ l ɻ, ɭ j, ʎ ɫ~ɰ
front back
unround round
short long short long short long
High i iː y yː u uː
Mid ɛ ɛː œ œː ɔ ɔː
Low (ə) ɑ ɑː

Prosody

Orthography

Morphology

Nominals

Nouns

Masculines
a-stem
A-stem masculine nouns
úlf ("wolf", acro.) [Term?] ("spear", meso.) [Term?] ("stomach", kin.)
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative úlf úlfoh
vocative úlf úlfoh
accusative úlfa úlfah
allative úlfōr úlfvəh
genitive úlf úlfə̄
ablative úlfeť úlfah
dative úlfē úlfēuh
instrumental úlfo úlfəh

Adjectives

Pronouns

Prepositions

Verbs

Syntax

Word order

Questions and answers

"To be"

Texts

UDHR Article 1

Original (English)

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.


The Cold Winter is Near

Tevvotanva English
  The cold winter is near, a blizzard will come.
Come in my warm house, o' friend.
Welcome! Come here, sing and dance, eat and drink!
That is my plan.
We have water, beer, and fresh milk from the cow.
Oh, and warm soup!

Vocabulary

Phrasebook


Numerals

1 êṇh
2 tvéh
3 ṭárh
4 ṣṭvár
5 pə́ṣ
6 sáhš
7 ṣvɨ́t
8 ẓdɨ́t
9 návɨt
10 tóhɨt
11 êṭṭḥɨt
12 tvêṭḥɨt

Colors

Colors in Old Tevvic · [Term?] (layout · text)
     lōyžáh, flêkah      fíumah, frúṇah, małgáh, áskāṭah      sóṭah
             rōdáh              túsṇah; aṇáh              fleváh
             hroníh              ṣaḷgóh              nîla
             áhmāṭah              hāzóh              métšaka
             šôṇa              šôṇa              pāṭalá

Time

Lexical comparison

Leipzig-Jakarta

See also

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