Ancient Tevvic: Difference between revisions

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|nativename=ťēvvó tâṇva
|nativename=ťēvvó tâṇva
|pronunciation=cɛːʋ.ˈʋɔ ˈtɑː.ɳʋə
|pronunciation=cɛːʋ.ˈʋɔ ˈtɑː.ɳʋə
|ethnicity=Tevvotanva
|ethnicity=Tevvics
|states=[[w:Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
|states=[[w:Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
Line 12: Line 12:
|script1=Latn
|script1=Latn
|ancestor=Proto-?
|ancestor=Proto-?
|ancestor2=Ancient Tevvotanva
|ancestor3=Middle Tevvotanva
|creator=[[User:Melinoë|Melinoë]]
|creator=[[User:Melinoë|Melinoë]]
|created=May, 2026
|created=May, 2026
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==History==
==History==
===Pre-Modern===
===Modern===


==Development==
==Development==
===Ancient Tevvotanva===
*/x/ > /h/
 
*/r/ > /ɹ~ɻ/
===Middle Tevvotanva===
*/ɣ/ > /j, w, g/ depending on environment.
 
*/VjV/ > /V:/
===Modern Tevvotanva===
*unstressed /i, u, ɑ/ > /ə/, leaving /ʲ, ʷ/ on following consonant, with the last turning consonants retroflex
** this palatal/labialization often affects the vowel and is then dropped
*/ə/ lost where new clusters are easy
*diphthongs simplify
*coda nasals to nasalization where possible
*word final /s/ > /h/
*word final /Vh{ʲ,ʷ}/ > /V{ʲ,ʷ}/
*/wu/ > /u/
*nasal vowels break to /AV/, thus /ɛN/ > /jɛ/
*overlong vowels to plain long
*/w, v/ > /ʋ/, /hw/ > /ʋ̥/
*/{rt,tr,rc,cr}, {rd,dr,rɟ,ɟr}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rʃ,ʃr}, {rz,zr,rʒ,ʒr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ > /ʈ/ in some areas


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 |  
! colspan=2 |  
! colspan=2 | labial
! labial
! colspan=2 | alveolar
! alveolar
! colspan=2 | velar
! retroflex
|-
! palatal
! broad
! velar
! slender
! broad
! slender
! broad
! slender
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | nasal
! colspan=2 | nasal
| m
| m
| mʲ
| n
| n
| ɳ
| ɲ
| ɲ
|
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 63: Line 64:
! unvoiced
! unvoiced
| p
| p
| pʲ
| t
| t
| tʲ
| ʈ
| c
| k
| k
| c
|-
|-
! voiced
! voiced
| b
| b
| bʲ
| d
| d
| dʲ
| ɖ
| g
| ɟ
| ɟ
| ɡ
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | fricative
! rowspan=2 | fricative
! unvoiced
! unvoiced
| f
| f
| fʲ
| s
| s
| ʂ
| ʃ
| ʃ
| x
| h
| ç
|-
|-
! voiced
! voiced
| v
|  
| vʲ
| z
| z
| ʐ
| ʒ
| ʒ
| ɣ
|  
| j
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | approximant
! colspan=2 | approximant
|  
| ʋ̥, ʋ
|  
| l
| ɾ, ɫ
| ɻ, ɭ
| ɾʲ, ʎ
| j, ʎ
| colspan=2 | j
| ɫ~ɰ
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! rowspan=3 |  
! rowspan=3 |  
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | front
! colspan=4 | front
! colspan=4 | back
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | back
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | unround
! colspan=2 | unround
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| i
| i
| iː
| iː
| ɯ
| y
| ɯː
| yː
| u
| u
| uː
| uː
|-
|-
! Mid
! Mid
| e
| ɛ
| eː
| ɛː
| ɤ
| œ
| ɤː
| œː
| o
| ɔ
| oː
| ɔː
|-
|-
! Low
! Low
|  
|  
|
| (ə)
|  
|  
| ɑ
| ɑ
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===Prosody===
===Prosody===


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
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====Nouns====
====Nouns====
=====Masculines=====
=====Masculines=====
======a-stem======
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=A-stem masculine nouns|tall=yes}}
! rowspan=2 class=outer |
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|úlfah}} ("wolf", acro.)
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|hēzáh}} ("spear", meso.)
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|ṇaháh}} ("stomach", kin.)
|-
! singular
! plural
! singular
! plural
! singular
! plural
|-
! nominative
| úlf<span style="color:red">ah</span>
| úlf<span style="color:red">oh</span>
| hēz<span style="color:red">áh</span>
| hēz<span style="color:red">óh</span>
| ṇah<span style="color:red">áh</span>
| ṇah<span style="color:red">óh</span>
|-
! vocative
| úlf
| úlf<span style="color:red">oh</span>
| hêz
| hēz<span style="color:red">óh</span>
| ṇáh
| ṇah<span style="color:red">óh</span>
|-
! accusative
| úlf<span style="color:red">va</span>
| úlf<span style="color:red">vah</span>
| hēz<span style="color:red">vá</span>
| hēz<span style="color:red">váh</span>
| ṇah<span style="color:red">vá</span>
| ṇah<span style="color:red">váh</span>
|-
! allative
| úlf<span style="color:red">ōr</span>
| úlf<span style="color:red">ałḥ</span>
| hēz<span style="color:red">ôr</span>
| hēz<span style="color:red">áłḥ</span>
| ṇah<span style="color:red">ôr</span>
| ṇah<span style="color:red">áłh</span>
|-
! genitive
| úlf<span style="color:red">ah</span>
| úlf<span style="color:red">vō</span>
| hēz<span style="color:red">áh</span>
| hēz<span style="color:red">vô</span>
| ṇag<span style="color:red">áh</span>
| ṇag<span style="color:red">vô</span>
|-
! ablative
| úlf<span style="color:red">eť</span>
| úlf<span style="color:red">vah</span>
|
|
|
|
|-
! dative
| úlf<span style="color:red">ē</span>
| úlf<span style="color:red">ēuh</span>
|
|
|
|
|-
! instrumental
| úlf<span style="color:red">o</span>
| úlf<span style="color:red">yeh</span>
|
|
|
|
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom|notes=}}
====Adjectives====
====Adjectives====
====Pronouns====
====Pronouns====
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|-
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| what is your name? <small>''(lit. "what name have you?")''</small>
| what is your name?
|-
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| my name is... <small>''(lit. "I have the name...")''</small>
| my name is...
|-
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
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{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
!1
!1
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|êṇah}}
|-
|-
!2
!2
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|tvéh}}
|-
|-
!3
!3
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|ṭárah}}
|-
|-
!4
!4
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|ṣṭvár}}
|-
|-
!5
!5
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|pváṣ}}
|-
|-
!6
!6
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|sáhš}}
|-
|-
!7
!7
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|ṣvút}}
|-
|-
!8
!8
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|aẓdvút}}
|-
|-
!9
!9
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|návt}}
|-
|-
!10
!10
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|tóhat}}
|-
|-
!11
!11
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|êṇṭḥvat}}
|-
|-
!12
!12
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|tvêṭḥvat}}
|-
|-
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 05:05, 28 May 2026


Tevvotanva
ťēvvó tâṇva
Pronunciation[cɛːʋ.ˈʋɔ ˈtɑː.ɳʋə]
Created byMelinoë
DateMay, 2026
Native toUttarakhand
EthnicityTevvics
Indo-European
  • ?
    • Tevvic
      • Tevvotanva
Early form
Proto-?
Official status
Official language in
India
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.


Classification

History

Development

  • /x/ > /h/
  • /r/ > /ɹ~ɻ/
  • /ɣ/ > /j, w, g/ depending on environment.
  • /VjV/ > /V:/
  • unstressed /i, u, ɑ/ > /ə/, leaving /ʲ, ʷ/ on following consonant, with the last turning consonants retroflex
    • this palatal/labialization often affects the vowel and is then dropped
  • /ə/ lost where new clusters are easy
  • diphthongs simplify
  • coda nasals to nasalization where possible
  • word final /s/ > /h/
  • word final /Vh{ʲ,ʷ}/ > /V{ʲ,ʷ}/
  • /wu/ > /u/
  • nasal vowels break to /AV/, thus /ɛN/ > /jɛ/
  • overlong vowels to plain long
  • /w, v/ > /ʋ/, /hw/ > /ʋ̥/
  • /{rt,tr,rc,cr}, {rd,dr,rɟ,ɟr}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rʃ,ʃr}, {rz,zr,rʒ,ʒr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ > /ʈ/ in some areas

Phonology

labial alveolar retroflex palatal velar
nasal m n ɳ ɲ
stop unvoiced p t ʈ c k
voiced b d ɖ ɟ ɡ
fricative unvoiced f s ʂ ʃ h
voiced z ʐ ʒ
approximant ʋ̥, ʋ l ɻ, ɭ j, ʎ ɫ~ɰ
front back
unround round
short long short long short long
High i iː y yː u uː
Mid ɛ ɛː œ œː ɔ ɔː
Low (ə) ɑ ɑː

Prosody

Orthography

Morphology

Nominals

Nouns

Masculines
a-stem
A-stem masculine nouns
úlfah ("wolf", acro.) hēzáh ("spear", meso.) ṇaháh ("stomach", kin.)
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative úlfah úlfoh hēzáh hēzóh ṇaháh ṇahóh
vocative úlf úlfoh hêz hēzóh ṇáh ṇahóh
accusative úlfva úlfvah hēzvá hēzváh ṇahvá ṇahváh
allative úlfōr úlfałḥ hēzôr hēzáłḥ ṇahôr ṇaháłh
genitive úlfah úlfvō hēzáh hēzvô ṇagáh ṇagvô
ablative úlfeť úlfvah
dative úlfē úlfēuh
instrumental úlfo úlfyeh

Adjectives

Pronouns

Prepositions

Verbs

Syntax

Word order

Questions and answers

"To be"

Texts

UDHR Article 1

Original (English)

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.


The Cold Winter is Near

Tevvotanva English
  The cold winter is near, a blizzard will come.
Come in my warm house, o' friend.
Welcome! Come here, sing and dance, eat and drink!
That is my plan.
We have water, beer, and fresh milk from the cow.
Oh, and warm soup!

Vocabulary

Phrasebook


Numerals

1 êṇah
2 tvéh
3 ṭárah
4 ṣṭvár
5 pváṣ
6 sáhš
7 ṣvút
8 aẓdvút
9 návt
10 tóhat
11 êṇṭḥvat
12 tvêṭḥvat

Colors

Colors in Old Tevvic · [Term?] (layout · text)
     lōyžáh, flêkah      fíumah, frúṇah, małgáh, áskāṭah      sóṭah
             rōdáh              túsṇah; aṇáh              fleváh
             hroníh              ṣaḷgóh              nîla
             áhmāṭah              hāzóh              métšaka
             šôṇa              šôṇa              pāṭalá

Time

Lexical comparison

Leipzig-Jakarta

See also

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