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Proto-Antarctican: Difference between revisions

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Apart from this, tense and aspect were not marked on Proto-Antarctican verbs.
Apart from this, tense and aspect were not marked on Proto-Antarctican verbs.


====Focus====
====Verbalisation====


Verbs were initially put into focus by suffixing them with /i/ (from Japanese emphatic particle /yo/). However this underwent metathesis with the final vowel, and ended up as simple palatalisation of the final consonant if it was non-palatalised, and as an infix /iʔ/ if the last consonant of the word was already palatalised e.g.


/jĩtoɫəː/ - to introduce oneself, verb root (from English "intro")
To change a noun into a verb, the typical suffix was /z/ e.g.


/jĩtoʎəː/ - to introduce oneself, verb focus


/ʔumupo/ - to sit, verb root
/sʲəː/ - show


/ʔumupʲo/ - to sit, verb focus
/sʲəːz/ - to perform


/sʲəː/ - to perform, verb root (from English "show")


/sʲiʔəː/ - to perform, verb focus
If the verb root already ended in a consonant, one of two things happened:
*If the consonant was a non-geminated voiced obstruent, the suffix was changed to /zu/ e.g. /doʎaːg/ - something being dragged -> /doʎaːgzu/ - to drag
*Otherwise, the suffix was changed to /iz/ after a palatalised consonant, and /uz/ otherwise e.g. /damas/ - a scam -> /damasuz/ - to scam or /sakːʲ/ - past event -> /sakːʲiz/ - to have already occurred some time ago.




To put the nouns in sentence into focus, the typical suffix was /z/ e.g.
Any noun could be verbalised to a verb meaning "to be ..." or "to become ..." by simply applying either this transformation e.g.




/sʲəː/ - to perform, verb root
/zuɥa/ - boat
 
/zuɥaz/ - to be a boat


/sʲəːz/ - to perform, verb root


====Adverbs====


If the verb root already ended in a consonant, one of two things happened:
*If the consonant was a non-geminated voiced obstruent, the suffix was changed to /zu/ e.g. /doʎaːg/ - to drag, verb root -> /doʎaːgzu/ - to drag, noun focus
*Otherwise, the suffix was changed to /iz/ after a palatalised consonant, and /uz/ otherwise e.g. /damas/ - to swindle, verb root -> /damasuz/ - to swindle, noun focus, or /sakːʲ/ - to have already occurred some time ago, verb root -> /sakːʲiz/ - to have already occurred some time ago, noun-focus.


Nouns could also be changed into adverbs. This was originally done by suffixing them with /i/. However this underwent metathesis with the final vowel, and ended up as simple palatalisation of the final consonant if it was non-palatalised, and as an infix /iʔ/ if the last consonant of the word was already palatalised e.g.


Any noun could be verbalised to a verb meaning "to be ..." or "to become ..." by simply applying either the verb-focus or the noun-focus transformations e.g.
/jĩtoɫəː/ - introduction


/jĩtoʎəː/ - as an introduction


/zuɥa/ - boat
/ʔumupo/ - seat


/zuɥiʔa/ - to be a boat, verb focus
/ʔumupʲo/ - sitting down (used as an adverb)


/zuɥaz/ - to be a boat, noun focus
/sʲəː/ - show


/sʲiʔəː/ - showing off (used as an adverb)


==Adaptations of Words from Present-Day Languages==
==Adaptations of Words from Present-Day Languages==
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===Taiwanese===
===Taiwanese===
Most of the refugees who came to Antarctica were from Taiwan rather than the mainland. Therefore, Taiwanese has influenced Proto-Antarctican far more than Mandarin. Aspirated consonants generally behaved like those from Burmese. Syllable final stops were pronounced voiced in words with tone 4, and voiceless in words with tone 8. Vowels in words with tones 1, 2, 5 and 6 were pronounced long, otherwise they were short. Taiwanese unaspirated /t/ and voiced /d/ became /ts/ and /z/ before /u/.
More of the refugees who came to Antarctica were from Taiwan rather than the mainland. Therefore, Taiwanese has influenced Proto-Antarctican far more than Mandarin. Aspirated consonants generally behaved like those from Burmese. Syllable final stops were pronounced voiced in words with tone 4, and voiceless in words with tone 8. Vowels in words with tones 1, 2, 5 and 6 were pronounced long, otherwise they were short. Taiwanese unaspirated /t/ and voiced /d/ became /ts/ and /z/ before /u/.
 


==Evolution into Antarctican==
==Evolution into Antarctican==
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| Spanish || mañana || morning || manʲana || maɲana || morning
| Spanish || mañana || morning || manʲana || maɲana || morning
|-
|-
| Spanish || cabeza || head || kabesːa || kapɛsa || head
| Spanish || cabeza || head || kabesːa || kapɛˤsa || head
|-
|-
| Spanish || pensar || to think || pẽsaː || pɘɴsaː || lost in deep thought
| Spanish || pensar || to think || pẽsaː || pɘɴsaː || lost in deep thought
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| Spanish || lima || Lima (in Peru) || ʎima || lima || Lima (in Peru)
| Spanish || lima || Lima (in Peru) || ʎima || lima || Lima (in Peru)
|-
|-
| Spanish || palo || stick || paɫo || paʁa || stick
| Spanish || palo || stick || paɫo || paʁu || stick
|-
|-
| Spanish || derecha || right (as in not left) || deɫetːʲa || tɛˤʁɛˤtɬe || right (as in not left)
| Spanish || derecha || right (as in not left) || deɫetːʲa || tɛˤʁɛˤtɬe || right (as in not left)
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|}
|}


[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Proto-languages]][[Category:Antarctican]]
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Proto-languages|A]][[Category:Antarctican]]
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