Linguifex

Ka'mpang: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
VisualWikitext
Suqi (talk | contribs)
Bots
172 edits
No edit summary
Suqi (talk | contribs)
Bots
172 edits
No edit summary
 
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 26: Line 26:
|
|
|}
|}
There is a romanization representing only the phonemes, but it is rarely used. /m k ʔ a/ is ⟨m k ’ a⟩ (though /ʔʔ/ and /ʔʔʔ/ are written ⟨-⟩ and ⟨’-⟩, respectively).
==== Phonetic ====
==== Phonetic ====
The phonetic inventory is much more useful in understanding the pronunciation of the language.
The phonetic inventory is much more useful in understanding the pronunciation of the language.
Line 77: Line 75:
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Click_consonant|Click]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Click_consonant|Click]]
![[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
![[w:Labialized_consonant|Labialized]]
|[[w:Tenuis_bilabial_click|ᵏʘ]]
|[[w:Tenuis_bilabial_click|k͡ʘʷ]]
|[[w:Tenuis_dental_click|ᵏǀ]]
|[[w:Tenuis_dental_click|k͡ǀʷ]]
|
|
|
|
Line 88: Line 86:
|-
|-
![[w:Glottalized_consonant|Glottalized]]
![[w:Glottalized_consonant|Glottalized]]
|[[w:Glottalized_click|ᵏʘˀ]]
|[[w:Glottalized_click|k͡ʘˀ]]
|[[w:Glottalized_click|ᵏǀˀ]]
|[[w:Glottalized_click|k͡ǀˀ]]
|
|
|
|
Line 105: Line 103:
|
|
|[[w:voiceless_uvular_fricative|χ]]
|[[w:voiceless_uvular_fricative|χ]]
|
|[[w:IPA_h|h]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:Glide_consonant|Glide]]
! colspan="2" |[[w:Glide_consonant|Glide]]
Line 184: Line 182:


=== Romanization ===
=== Romanization ===
There is a romanization representing only the phonemes, but it is rarely used. /m k ʔ a/ is ⟨m k ' a⟩.
A phonetic romanization is more common for Ka'mpang. Nasalization is not written in the phonetic romanization since it can easily be predicted to occur before any nasal.  
A phonetic romanization is more common for Ka'mpang. Nasalization is not written in the phonetic romanization since it can easily be predicted to occur before any nasal.  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 191: Line 191:
!Romanization
!Romanization
|-
|-
!
![[w:IPA_m|m]]
|
|''m''
!
![[w:IPA_i|i]]
|
|''i''
|-
![[w:IPA_p|p]]
|''p''
![[w:IPA_e|e]]
| rowspan="2" |''e''
|-
![[Tłkaw|ɓ]]
|''b''
![[w:nasalized_vowel|ẽ]]
|-
![[w:Tenuis_bilabial_click|k͡ʘʷ]]
|''fw''
![[w:vowel_length|eː]]
| rowspan="2" |''ē''
|-
![[w:Glottalized_click|k͡ʘˀ]]
|''f''
![[w:vowel_length|ẽː]]
|-
![[w:IPA_v|v]]
|''v''
![[w:close_central_unrounded_vowel|ɨ]]
|''î''
|-
![[w:IPA_n|n]]
|''n''
![[w:mid_central_vowel|ə]]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|-
![[w:IPA_t|t]]
|''t''
![[w:nasalized_vowel|ə̃]]
|-
![[w:IPA_d|d]]
|''d''
![[w:vowel_length|əː]]
| rowspan="2" |''ā''
|-
![[w:Tenuis_dental_click|k͡ǀʷ]]
|''cw''
![[w:vowel_length|ə̃ː]]
|-
![[w:Glottalized_click|k͡ǀˀ]]
|''c''
![[w:IPA_a|a]]
| rowspan="2" |''â''
|-
|-
!
![[w:IPA_s|s]]
|
|''s''
!
![[w:nasalized_vowel|ã]]
|
|-
|-
!
![[w:voiceless_labial-alveolar_plosive|ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p]]
|
|''np''
!
![[w:vowel_length|aː]]
|
| rowspan="2" |''á''
|-
|-
!
![[w:labial-alveolar_consonant|ɗ͡ɓ]]
|
|''db''
!
![[w:vowel_length|ãː]]
|
|-
|-
!
![[w:voiceless_palatal_fricative|ç]]
|
|''ch''
!
![[w:close_central_rounded_vowel|ʉ]]
|
|''û''
|-
|-
!
![[w:IPA_j|j]]
|
|''y''
!
![[w:close-mid_central_rounded_vowel|ɵ]]
|
|''ô''
|-
|-
!
![[w:IPA_ŋ|ŋ]]
|
|''ng''
!
![[w:close_back_rounded_vowel|u]]
|
|''u''
|-
|-
!
![[w:IPA_k|k]]
|
|''k''
!
![[w:IPA_o|o]]
|
| rowspan="2" |''o''
|-
|-
!
![[w:IPA_g|ɡ]]
|
|''g''
!
![[w:nasalized_vowel|õ]]
|
|-
|-
!
![[w:velar_ejective|kʼ]]
|
|''k'''
!
![[w:vowel_length|oː]]
|
| rowspan="2" |''ō''
|-
|-
!
![[w:IPA_x|x]]
|
|''x''
!
![[w:vowel_length|õː]]
|
|-
|-
!
![[w:Voiceless_labial-velar_plosive|ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p]]
|
|''kp''
!
! colspan="2" rowspan="6" |
|
|-
|-
!
![[w:Voiced_labial-velar_implosibe|ɠ͡ɓ]]
|
|''gb''
!
|
|-
|-
!
![[w:IPA_w|w]]
|
|''w''
!
|
|-
|-
!
![[w:voiceless_uvular_fricative|χ]]
|
|''q''
!
|
|-
|-
!
![[w:glottal_stop|ʔ]]
|
|''<nowiki/>'''
!
|
|-
|-
!
![[w:IPA_h|h]]
|
|''h''
!
|
|}
|}
The consonants are [m n ŋ p t d ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p k ɡ ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p ʔ ɓ ɗ͡ɓ kʼ ɠ͡ɓ ᵏʘ ᵏǀ ᵏʘˀ ᵏǀˀ v s ç x χ j w] ⟨m n ng p t d np k g ngp ’ b db f c f’ c’ v s ch x q y w⟩. Like in the phonemic romanization, /ʔʔ/ and /ʔʔʔ/ are written ⟨-⟩ and ⟨’-⟩, respectively.
The vowels are [i ɨ ʉ u e ə ɵ o eː əː oː a aː] ⟨i î û u e a ô o ē ā ō â á⟩.
=== Allophony ===
=== Allophony ===
The allophony rules phonemes must go through to produce the phonetic pronunciation are as follows:
The allophony rules phonemes must go through to produce the phonetic pronunciation are as follows:


T: [n t tʼ d ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p ɗ͡ɓ ᵏǀ ᵏǀˀ]
T: [n t tʼ d ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p ɗ͡ɓ k͡ǀ k͡ǀˀ]


K: [ŋ k kʼ ɡ ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p ɠ͡ɓ ᵏʘ ᵏʘˀ]
K: [ŋ k kʼ ɡ ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p ɠ͡ɓ k͡ʘ k͡ʘˀ]


# ka ma → kə mo
# ka ma → kə mo
Line 295: Line 322:
# a ə o → ə ɨ u / _{k, ɡ, k’}
# a ə o → ə ɨ u / _{k, ɡ, k’}
# m → ŋ / ã_{V,#}
# m → ŋ / ã_{V,#}
# kw k kʼ ɓ v → ᵏʘw ᵏʘ ᵏʘˀ b w / m_
# kw kʼ ɓ v → k͡ʘʷ k͡ʘˀ b w / m_
# ə ə̃ → e ẽ / w_
# kmp kɓ → ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p ɠ͡ɓ
# kmp kɓ → ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p ɠ͡ɓ
# m → N[+POA1] / _C[+POA1 -glottal -palatal]
# m → N[+POA1] / _C[+POA1 -glottal -palatal]
# K → T / %_(C)V(V)KV(V)(%)_
# K → T / %_(C)V(V)K(C)V(V)(%)_
# K → T / %_(C)V(V)K%
# K → T / %_(C)V(V)K%
# ɡ → j / C_
# ɡ → j / C_
# ɨ ə → i e / {T[-click], j}_[±any]
# ɨ ə → i e / {T[-click], j}_[±any]
# Va Vã → Vː Ṽː
# Va Vã → Vː Ṽː
# t k → s x / _#
# t k → s x / _% !_{t,k}
# x → ç / {i, e}[±any]_
# x → ç / {i, e}[±any]_
# x → χ / {u, o}[±any]_
# x → χ / {u, o}[±any]_
# ʔː ʔːː > h ʔh


=== Phonotactics ===
=== Phonotactics ===
The syllable structure of the phonemes is (C)(C)V(C).
The syllable structure of the phonemes is (C)(C)V(C).
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Ka%27mpang"