Yokohama Creole: Difference between revisions

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The ''nipi''-''rikani'' divide is generally considered the primary socioeconomic and, to an extent, cultural divide of the International Territory, akin to the [[w:North–South divide in England|North–South divide]] in England. However, within ''rikani'' areas themselves, there also exists a further socioeconomic divide between ''rikani'' of more White American descent, called ''shirohada'' or ''hakhada'', and those of African-American, Asian American or other black or brown or simply more Japanese descent called ''kurohada'' or ''kokuhada'', where those of ''kurohada'' descent find themselves at more of a disadvantage socioeconomically than their typically lighter-skinned counterparts. This disparity has been primarily attributed to remnants of US military segregation, as well as a short period of intense [[w:Redlining|redlining]] that occurred under the rule of Governor-General Hayden McPanties between the years of 1981-1984, which has also been named as a primary contributor to the ''nipi''-''rikani'' divide.

===Sociolinguistic divide===

Although Yokohama Creole is heavily influenced by Japanese by all accounts, ''nipi'' dialects are generally much more influenced by Japanese than ''rikani'' dialects. Thus, more words in ''nipi'' Creole are of Japanese etymology, and hence may be unintelligible to, say, a ''rikani'' speaker with low knowledge of Japanese (though this is fairly rare). Some Japanese-derived words that are more common in ''nipi'' dialects than ''rikani'' dialects are:

* ''croomah'', ''crooma'', ''kruuma'', ''crewma'' or ''crewmer'' /kruuma/ "car or other four-wheeled vehicle", derived from {{mn|ja|車}} ''kuruma'' "car"

** by extension, ''croomais'', ''kruumais'' or ''crewmais'' /kruumais/ "wheelchair" is from {{mn|ja|車椅子}} ''kurumaisu''; ''rikani'' use the calqued ''carseat'' or ''kyarsiit'' /carsiit/, with the word for the seat of a car being ''kyar fo siit'' or ''car fo seat'' /car fo siit/.

* ''eekman'' or ''iikman'' /iikman/, from {{mn|ja|イケ面}} ''ikemen'' "handsome, good-looking", but generally just a synonym of "cool" only for people, typically men though it can be gender neutral. The feminine equivalent, derived from a reanalysis as /iik/ + /man/, is ''eekuman'' or ''eekoom'' /iikuman, iikuum/.

* ''baiki'' /baiki/, from {{l|ja|自動販売機}} ''jidōhanbaiki'' "vending machine", meaning a cold drink, but can be reduplicated (''baiki baiki!'') to become "Cheers!". ''Rikani'' tend to say ''camper!'' or ''campah!'' instead, which is a bastardisation of {{mn|ja|乾杯}} ''kanpai''.

* ''joombah'' or ''jumba'' /dʒumba/, derived from {{l|ja|順番}} ''junban'' "lining up in order", is the ''nipi'' name for the game [[w:Domino (card game)#Japan|Sevens]] as it is called in ''rikani'' communities.

** Similarly, [[w:President (card game)|President]] is referred to as ''sawtawk'', ''sawtaw'' or ''sootok'' among ''nipi'' and ''governor-general'' or ''govjen'' among ''rikani'', both referring to the Governor-General, the highest authority in the Yokohama International Territory.

==Orthography==

Unlike [[Cheenah]], Yokohama Creole does not have a history of consistent orthography and is practically written however the speaker would like. Typically, this means that speakers who know English, such as those living near the coast, tend to gravitate towards an etymological English spelling, whereas more inland speakers tend to have greater variability in spelling or may even use [[w:Hiragana|hiragana]] or [[w:Katakana|katakana]] in some cases.

[[File:Pinats.png|thumb|right|alt=The daily ''Peanuts'' comic for March 9, 2026, translated into Yokohama Creole in pure "''Peanuts'' spelling".|The daily ''Peanuts'' comic for March 9, 2026, translated into Yokohama Creole in pure "''Peanuts'' spelling"]]

[[File:Pinats.png|thumb|right|400px|alt=The daily ''Peanuts'' comic for March 9, 2026, translated into Yokohama Creole in pure "''Peanuts'' spelling".|The daily ''Peanuts'' comic for March 9, 2026, translated into Yokohama Creole in pure "''Peanuts'' spelling"]]

However, some people have put forward proposals for a standard Yokohama Creole orthography. One such solution, often called "''[[w:Peanuts (comic)|Peanuts]]'' spelling", "Snoopy spelling", "Charlie Brown spelling" or the "''Peanuts'' orthography" due to its use originating in an Internet user's translations of the American comic strip ''Peanuts'', is a phonemic orthography based on or at least inspired by the [[w:Cassidy/JLU orthography|Cassidy/JLU orthography]] used to write [[w:Jamaican Patois|Jamaican Patois]]. This orthography is probably the most commonly found regular orthographic scheme used, though ''pure'' Peanuts spelling is rare and typically only occurs in the eponymous translated Peanuts comics (''Pinats'') or among speakers who are familiar with the Internet. However, other variations of the underlying Peanuts spelling system are common throughout.

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 The ''nipi''-''rikani'' divide is generally considered the primary socioeconomic and, to an extent, cultural divide of the International Territory, akin to the [[w:North–South divide in England|North–South divide]] in England. However, within ''rikani'' areas themselves, there also exists a further socioeconomic divide between ''rikani'' of more White American descent, called ''shirohada'' or ''hakhada'', and those of African-American, Asian American or other black or brown or simply more Japanese descent called ''kurohada'' or ''kokuhada'', where those of ''kurohada'' descent find themselves at more of a disadvantage socioeconomically than their typically lighter-skinned counterparts. This disparity has been primarily attributed to remnants of US military segregation, as well as a short period of intense [[w:Redlining|redlining]] that occurred under the rule of Governor-General Hayden McPanties between the years of 1981-1984, which has also been named as a primary contributor to the ''nipi''-''rikani'' divide.
+===Sociolinguistic divide===
+Although Yokohama Creole is heavily influenced by Japanese by all accounts, ''nipi'' dialects are generally much more influenced by Japanese than ''rikani'' dialects. Thus, more words in ''nipi'' Creole are of Japanese etymology, and hence may be unintelligible to, say, a ''rikani'' speaker with low knowledge of Japanese (though this is fairly rare). Some Japanese-derived words that are more common in ''nipi'' dialects than ''rikani'' dialects are:
+* ''croomah'', ''crooma'', ''kruuma'', ''crewma'' or ''crewmer'' /kruuma/ "car or other four-wheeled vehicle", derived from {{mn|ja|車}} ''kuruma'' "car"
+** by extension, ''croomais'', ''kruumais'' or ''crewmais'' /kruumais/ "wheelchair" is from {{mn|ja|車椅子}} ''kurumaisu''; ''rikani'' use the calqued ''carseat'' or ''kyarsiit'' /carsiit/, with the word for the seat of a car being ''kyar fo siit'' or ''car fo seat'' /car fo siit/.
+* ''eekman'' or ''iikman'' /iikman/, from {{mn|ja|イケ面}} ''ikemen'' "handsome, good-looking", but generally just a synonym of "cool" only for people, typically men though it can be gender neutral. The feminine equivalent, derived from a reanalysis as /iik/ + /man/, is ''eekuman'' or ''eekoom'' /iikuman, iikuum/.
+* ''baiki'' /baiki/, from {{l|ja|自動販売機}} ''jidōhanbaiki'' "vending machine", meaning a cold drink, but can be reduplicated (''baiki baiki!'') to become "Cheers!". ''Rikani'' tend to say ''camper!'' or ''campah!'' instead, which is a bastardisation of {{mn|ja|乾杯}} ''kanpai''.
+* ''joombah'' or ''jumba'' /dʒumba/, derived from {{l|ja|順番}} ''junban'' "lining up in order", is the ''nipi'' name for the game [[w:Domino (card game)#Japan|Sevens]] as it is called in ''rikani'' communities.
+** Similarly, [[w:President (card game)|President]] is referred to as ''sawtawk'', ''sawtaw'' or ''sootok'' among ''nipi'' and ''governor-general'' or ''govjen'' among ''rikani'', both referring to the Governor-General, the highest authority in the Yokohama International Territory.
 ==Orthography==
 Unlike [[Cheenah]], Yokohama Creole does not have a history of consistent orthography and is practically written however the speaker would like. Typically, this means that speakers who know English, such as those living near the coast, tend to gravitate towards an etymological English spelling, whereas more inland speakers tend to have greater variability in spelling or may even use [[w:Hiragana|hiragana]] or [[w:Katakana|katakana]] in some cases.
-[[File:Pinats.png|thumb|right|alt=The daily ''Peanuts'' comic for March 9, 2026, translated into Yokohama Creole in pure "''Peanuts'' spelling".|The daily ''Peanuts'' comic for March 9, 2026, translated into Yokohama Creole in pure "''Peanuts'' spelling"]]
+[[File:Pinats.png|thumb|right|400px|alt=The daily ''Peanuts'' comic for March 9, 2026, translated into Yokohama Creole in pure "''Peanuts'' spelling".|The daily ''Peanuts'' comic for March 9, 2026, translated into Yokohama Creole in pure "''Peanuts'' spelling"]]
 However, some people have put forward proposals for a standard Yokohama Creole orthography. One such solution, often called "''[[w:Peanuts (comic)|Peanuts]]'' spelling", "Snoopy spelling", "Charlie Brown spelling" or the "''Peanuts'' orthography" due to its use originating in an Internet user's translations of the American comic strip ''Peanuts'', is a phonemic orthography based on or at least inspired by the [[w:Cassidy/JLU orthography|Cassidy/JLU orthography]] used to write [[w:Jamaican Patois|Jamaican Patois]]. This orthography is probably the most commonly found regular orthographic scheme used, though ''pure'' Peanuts spelling is rare and typically only occurs in the eponymous translated Peanuts comics (''Pinats'') or among speakers who are familiar with the Internet. However, other variations of the underlying Peanuts spelling system are common throughout.
 [[File:Liltin.jpg|thumb|left|200px|An internet meme about [[w:List of Azumanga Daioh characters#Ayumu "Osaka" Kasuga|Osaka]] written in Revised Peanuts spelling]]