Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions
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==Development== | ==Development== | ||
Húsnorsk's phonological history is, for the most part, deeply understood. The development of certain consonants and vowels isn't fully understood, such as the mechanism behind | Húsnorsk's phonological history is, for the most part, deeply understood. The development of certain consonants and vowels isn't fully understood, such as the mechanism behind Old Norse initial /x/ to Nygadsnorsk /k/, which is extremely poorly understood as it's not known what caused it nor where it happens. | ||
The following are the reconstructed phonological and grammatical changes between Old West Norse and Húsnorsk. Grammatical changes will be indented. | The following are the reconstructed phonological and grammatical changes between Old West Norse and Húsnorsk. Grammatical changes will be indented. | ||
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*/fp, vb/ to /pː, bː/ | */fp, vb/ to /pː, bː/ | ||
*<sup>?</sup> /st/ to /s/ after consonants, especially nasals | *<sup>?</sup> /st/ to /s/ after consonants, especially nasals | ||
*final nasals to nasalization when following a vowel, this always occurs in inflectional endings regardless if it's word final or not (see -anna > -ãna) | *final nasals to nasalization when following a vowel, this always occurs in inflectional endings regardless if it's word final or not (see -anna > -ãna) | ||
*/-u̯/ to /-y̯/ after round vowels (so /øu/ > /øy/) | |||
=== | ===Nygadsnorsk=== | ||
*coda geminates to /ʰC/ when voiceless, to a fricative when voiced, and nasals to /PN/ (/n:/ > /tn/) | *coda geminates to /ʰC/ when voiceless, to a fricative when voiced, and nasals to /PN/ (/n:/ > /tn/) | ||
**-ðr-/-nn- paradigm leveled to -ðr- throughout | **-ðr-/-nn- paradigm leveled to -ðr- throughout | ||
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*/rː/ to /ʒ/ | */rː/ to /ʒ/ | ||
*Devoicing of stops in contact with /s/ | *Devoicing of stops in contact with /s/ | ||
*splitting of /eː/ into /je/, this isn't a complete sound change. | *splitting of /eː/ into /je/, this isn't a complete sound change. | ||
=== | ===Jugsnorsk=== | ||
*/iu, eu/ > /ju/ | */iu, eu/ > /ju/ | ||
*coda geminates shorten | *coda geminates shorten | ||
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***Long: /ɪi, e̞i, ʏy, ø̞y, ʊu, o̞u, au/ | ***Long: /ɪi, e̞i, ʏy, ø̞y, ʊu, o̞u, au/ | ||
*Consonants followed by /f, s/ become aspirated. (see Old Norse "því" to Jagsnorska /tʰɪi/, through an intermediate /tfiː/) | *Consonants followed by /f, s/ become aspirated. (see Old Norse "því" to Jagsnorska /tʰɪi/, through an intermediate /tfiː/) | ||
*The odd /gl̩/ (still [ɣl]) becomes /i̯l/ | *The odd /gl̩/ (still [ɣl]) becomes /i̯l/ | ||
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#/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants. | #/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants. | ||
#/f, v/ both become stops before /l, r/, /b/ and /p/ respectively | #/f, v/ both become stops before /l, r/, /b/ and /p/ respectively | ||
#It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so | #It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so. | ||
##Proper names form a major exception to this. | |||
#/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. | #/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. | ||
#Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in " | #Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormj" /opmʲ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [t͡s]. | ||
#All stops have different values when geminated in coda position (Meaning when the geminate isn't split across syllables), they are: | #All stops have different values when geminated in coda position (Meaning when the geminate isn't split across syllables), they are: | ||
:::Nasals: "mm, nn" /pm, tn/ | :::Nasals: "mm, nn" /pm, tn/ | ||
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#/f, v/ both become stops before /l, r/, /v/ always becomes /b/, and /f/ either becomes /p/ or /b/. | #/f, v/ both become stops before /l, r/, /v/ always becomes /b/, and /f/ either becomes /p/ or /b/. | ||
#/v/ is realized as /u̯/ between a vowel and consonant (eg. /VvC/ > [Vu̯C], as in "javn" [jau̯n]). | #/v/ is realized as /u̯/ between a vowel and consonant (eg. /VvC/ > [Vu̯C], as in "javn" [jau̯n]). | ||
#Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in " | #Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormj" /opmʲ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [tʰ]. | ||
#All geminates are realized as short in coda position (Thus "Plýgg" is / | #All geminates are realized as short in coda position (Thus "Plýgg" is /ˈplʏy̯ɡ/) | ||
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==Texts== | ==Texts== | ||
===Drømde mik en drøm i nat=== | ===Drømde mik en drøm i nat=== | ||
'''Original ( | '''Original (OEN)''': | ||
:Drømde mik en drøm i nat um : silki ok ærlik pæl | |||
'''Hússnorską''': | '''Hússnorską''': | ||
:'''Varhúsnorsk''': | :'''Varhúsnorsk''': drømða mik ą drøm í nát ū : siuki ok dýrā feud | ||
::/ | ::/drøm.ða mik ɐ drø̃ iː naːt ũ : siu̯.ki o(x) dyː.rã feu̯d/ | ||
:'''Nygadsnorsk''': | :'''Nygadsnorsk''': drømda mik ą drøm í nát ú : sýki o dýrá fǿd | ||
::/ | ::/drøm.da mik ɐ drøː iː naːt uː : syː.ki o dyː.raː føːd/ | ||
:'''Jugsnorsk''': | :'''Jugsnorsk''': drømða mik a drøm í nát ú : sjuki ok dýrá fjud | ||
::/ | ::/ˈdrø̞m.ðɐ ˌmɪk ɐ ˈdrø̞m ɪi̯ ˈnau̯t ʊu̯ : ˈsjʊ.kɪ o̞ ˈdʏy̯.rau̯ ˈfjʊd/ | ||
::[ | ::[drø̞ːm.ðɐ mɪˑk ɐ drø̞ːm i nau̯ːt u : sjʊː.kɪ o̞ dʏy̯ː.ra fjʊːd] | ||
#"a"/"ą" is a filler syllable to pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning. | #"a"/"ą" is a filler syllable to pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning. | ||
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===UDHR Article 1=== | ===UDHR Article 1=== | ||
(outdated) | |||
'''Original (English)''': | '''Original (English)''': | ||
:All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. | :All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. | ||
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===Excerpt from "[[Appeal to the God-man]]"=== | ===Excerpt from "[[Appeal to the God-man]]"=== | ||
(outdated) | |||
'''Original (Jugsnorsk)''': | '''Original (Jugsnorsk)''': | ||
:"í ennanum er priða lónina þém, es kós þat í lívi, ok '''þú''' skót kunna bath, at dóðrin sjóv kná vera ódhavnaða. líta, at '''þér''' Guð er segir '''þik''' góðkjorinu, bethtum os." | :"í ennanum er priða lónina þém, es kós þat í lívi, ok '''þú''' skót kunna bath, at dóðrin sjóv kná vera ódhavnaða. líta, at '''þér''' Guð er segir '''þik''' góðkjorinu, bethtum os." | ||
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#Not cognate | #Not cognate | ||
:::"spá" from Old Norse "spá", meaning "to foretell". | :::"spá" from Old Norse "spá", meaning "to foretell". | ||