Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions
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[[Húsnorsk]] (/husnorsk/; [[w:endonym|endonym]]: Varhúsnorsk: ''Húsanorska'', /xuː.sa.nor.ska/; Nygadsnorsk: ''Hússnorska'', /xuːt͡s.nor.ska/; Jugsnorsk ''Húsinorska'', /xʊu̯.sɪ. | [[Húsnorsk]] (/husnorsk/; [[w:endonym|endonym]]: Varhúsnorsk: ''Húsanorska'', /xuː.sa.nor.ska/; Nygadsnorsk: ''Hússnorska'', /xuːt͡s.nor.ska/; Jugsnorsk ''Húsinorska'', /xʊu̯.sɪ.no̞r.skɐ/) is a distinct Nordic language (or possibly two closely related languages), it is so named "House Norse" for its historical vernacular status. Húsnorsk is considered the continuation of the Norse spoken by the Varangians, though this is heavily disputed, as Húsnorsk is clearly West Nordic. Húsnorsk is considered decently divergent for a Nordic language, often being unintelligible to the others (Take Varhúsnorsk /au̯.dɐ/ Nygadsnorsk /ɔ:.dɐ/, Jugsnorsk /o̞u.dɐ/ vs Swedish /al/, Danish /ælˀ/, Icelandic /atlʏr/, and Old (West) Norse /ɑlːr̩/) | ||
While Nygadsnorsk and Jugsnorsk are often considered dialects of Húsnorsk, they are divergent enough to earn distinct articles, where Varhúsnorsk (or Standard Húsnorsk; Geneologically ''Common Húsnorsk'') is also distinct enough from both to be separated. This article will present all three in detail side-by-side as if in comparison to each other. | While Nygadsnorsk and Jugsnorsk are often considered dialects of Húsnorsk, they are divergent enough to earn distinct articles, where Varhúsnorsk (or Standard Húsnorsk; Geneologically ''Common Húsnorsk'') is also distinct enough from both to be separated. This article will present all three in detail side-by-side as if in comparison to each other. | ||
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*Dative singular leveled to -i, thus words like "ríki" have a dative "ríkí" | *Dative singular leveled to -i, thus words like "ríki" have a dative "ríkí" | ||
*/ɣ/ to /g/ | */ɣ/ to /g/ | ||
*Devoicing of stops in contact with /s/ | *Devoicing of stops in contact with /s/ | ||
*Vowel shifts: | *Vowel shifts: | ||
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***Short: /ɪ, ɛ, ʏ, œ, ʊ, ɔ, ɐ/ | ***Short: /ɪ, ɛ, ʏ, œ, ʊ, ɔ, ɐ/ | ||
***Long: /ɪi, e̞i, ʏy, ø̞y, ʊu, o̞u, au/ | ***Long: /ɪi, e̞i, ʏy, ø̞y, ʊu, o̞u, au/ | ||
*Consonants | *Consonants followed by /f, s/ become aspirated. (see Old Norse "því" to Jagsnorska /tʰɪi/, through an intermediate /tfiː/) | ||
*The odd /gl̩/ (still [ɣl]) becomes /i̯l/<ref>Húmvera, Aska. "The chronological development of Jugsnorsk from Old Norse"</ref> | *The odd /gl̩/ (still [ɣl]) becomes /i̯l/<ref>Húmvera, Aska. "The chronological development of Jugsnorsk from Old Norse"</ref> | ||
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#Often written as "th" in Jugsnorska, but some still use "z" | #Often written as "th" in Jugsnorska, but some still use "z" | ||
In | In Jugsnorsk, many Old Norse conventions are still used in handwriting, such as: | ||
:"v" as vend ("ꝩ") | :"v" as vend ("ꝩ") | ||
:A macron-like diacritic for a following nasal (eg. "ū" for "um") | :A macron-like diacritic for a following nasal (eg. "ū" for "um") | ||
:Writing "i" above the previous letter or as superscript, especially after vowels | :Writing "i" above the previous letter or as superscript, especially after vowels (and v) | ||
:Long s is still used | :Long s is still used | ||
:Dotless i and j | :Dotless i and j | ||
:Extensive use of ligatures | :Extensive use of ligatures | ||
:Shorthand (such as "⁊" and "ᛘ") | |||
:Use of a "zig-zag" for "er" and "ir" (such as "ꝩ͛a" for "vera"). Sometimes you may see it alone standing for "er", here it's larger, looking like the rune "ᛋ" | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
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'''Hússnorską''': | '''Hússnorską''': | ||
:'''Standard''': Drýmða mik ą drým í nátt um : silki | :'''Standard''': Drýmða mik ą drým í nátt um : silki ok dýran feld | ||
::/dryːm.ða mik ɐ dryːm iː naːtː um : siu̯.ki | ::/dryːm.ða mik ɐ dryːm iː naːtː um : siu̯.ki ok dyː.ran feu̯d/ | ||
:'''Novgorod''': Drýmda mik ą drým í nátt um : sýki | :'''Novgorod''': Drýmda mik ą drým í nátt um : sýki ok dýran fǿd | ||
::/dryːm.da mik ɐ dryːm iː naːʰt um : syː.ki | ::/dryːm.da mik ɐ dryːm iː naːʰt um : syː.ki ok dyː.ran føːd/ | ||
:'''Siberia''': Drýmða mik a drým í nátt um : sýki | :'''Siberia''': Drýmða mik a drým í nátt um : sýki ok dýran fǿd | ||
::/drʏy̯m.ðɐ mɪk ɐ drʏy̯m ɪi̯ nau̯t ʊm : sʏy̯.kɪ | ::/drʏy̯m.ðɐ mɪk ɐ drʏy̯m ɪi̯ nau̯t ʊm : sʏy̯.kɪ o̞k dʏy̯.rɐn fø̞y̯d/ | ||
#"a"/"ą" is a filler syllable to pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning. | #"a"/"ą" is a filler syllable to pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning. | ||
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::/oːd.ma.dɐ er brjɔːːs.po.ritn ok jaʋn ɔd.rum vir.diɡ.ɡi ok reːt.tum me.dɐ e.ru xaft jɛr.ki ok su.vɛs.ti ok me.dɐ sku.lu ɡert ad.ran broː.dur.leː.ki/ | ::/oːd.ma.dɐ er brjɔːːs.po.ritn ok jaʋn ɔd.rum vir.diɡ.ɡi ok reːt.tum me.dɐ e.ru xaft jɛr.ki ok su.vɛs.ti ok me.dɐ sku.lu ɡert ad.ran broː.dur.leː.ki/ | ||
:'''Siberia''': ódmanna er brjósporinn ok javn onnum virðiggi ok réttum. menna eru haft jerki ok suvesti, ok menna skulu gert annan bróðurléki. | :'''Siberia''': ódmanna er brjósporinn ok javn onnum virðiggi ok réttum. menna eru haft jerki ok suvesti, ok menna skulu gert annan bróðurléki. | ||
::/o̞u̯d.mɐn.nɐ e̞r | ::/o̞u̯d.mɐn.nɐ e̞r brjo̞u̯s.po̞.rɪn o̞k jau̯n o̞n.nʊm ʋɪr.ðɪɡ.ɡɪ o̞k re̞i̯t.tʊm me̞n.nɐ e̞.rʊ xɐft je̞r.kɪ o̞k sʊ.ʋe̞s.tɪ o̞k me̞n.nɐ skʊ.lʊ ɡe̞rt ɐn.nɐn bro̞u̯.ðʊr.le̞i̯.kɪ/ | ||
::Manuscript spelling: ódᛘ ᛋ brͥóſporͥṇ ⁊ iá̄ oṇᵐ ꝩͥrðͥg̣ͥ ⁊ réṭᵐ. meṇͣ ᛋᵘ haft i͛kͥ ⁊ suꝩͤſtͥ, ⁊ ᛘᵉ .ſk. g͛t aṇā bróðʳlékͥ. | |||
(Manuscript spelling will likely display very, bery poorly for most readers, this is normal) | |||
'''Literal translation''': | '''Literal translation''': | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|5||mouth | |5||mouth | ||
| | | (body) munnr</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) óss | ||
| | | (body) munną </br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósą | ||
| | | (body) munną</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósą | ||
| | | (body) munna</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósa | ||
| (body) munnur</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ós | |||
| (body) mun</br>(river) mynne</br>(river) os | |||
|- | |- | ||
|6||tongue | |6||tongue | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|98||in | |98||in | ||
| | | í | ||
| | | í | ||
| | | í | ||
| | | í | ||
| í | |||
| i | |||
|- | |- | ||
|99||hard (materially) | |99||hard (materially) | ||