Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions
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*/v/ to /b/ before approximants (/f/ > /p/ only occurs word initially, as it was [v] elsewhere) | */v/ to /b/ before approximants (/f/ > /p/ only occurs word initially, as it was [v] elsewhere) | ||
*/l̩/ to /ul/, spelling doesn't change though (/gl̩/ seems to instead go to [ɣl]) | */l̩/ to /ul/, spelling doesn't change though (/gl̩/ seems to instead go to [ɣl]) | ||
*/fp, vb/ to /pː, bː/ | |||
*<sup>?</sup> /st/ to /s/ after consonants, especially nasals | |||
===Húmgądsnorską=== | ===Húmgądsnorską=== | ||
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**Around the same time as the -ðr-/-nn- leveling, the masculine consonant stems are merged with the masculine a-stems | **Around the same time as the -ðr-/-nn- leveling, the masculine consonant stems are merged with the masculine a-stems | ||
*Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, eu, iu, øu, yu, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, øː, øː, yː, yː, yː, oː, uː/ | *Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, eu, iu, øu, yu, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, øː, øː, yː, yː, yː, oː, uː/ | ||
*/θ, ð/ to /t, d/ | */θ, ð/ to /t, d/ | ||
**Genitive singular leveled to -s and -sins. | **Genitive singular leveled to -s and -sins. | ||
**Dative singular leveled to -i and -inum. | **Dative singular leveled to -i and -inum. | ||
*/sː/ to /ts/ when occupying coda only | */sː/ to /ts/ when occupying coda only | ||
*Word initial /x/ to /k/ when not in a cluster (Unknown why this is inconsistent, though it seems to happen more before long vowels) | *Word initial /x/ to /k/ when not in a cluster (Unknown why this is inconsistent, though it seems to happen more before long vowels) | ||
*/ɣ/ to /g/ | */ɣ/ to /g/ | ||
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***see Old Norse "ǫðrum" (dative plural of "annarr") and "maðr" to Jugsnorsk "annarą" and "mann" | ***see Old Norse "ǫðrum" (dative plural of "annarr") and "maðr" to Jugsnorsk "annarą" and "mann" | ||
*Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, eu, iu, øu, yu, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, øː, øː, yː, yː, yː, oː, uː/ | *Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, eu, iu, øu, yu, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, øː, øː, yː, yː, yː, oː, uː/ | ||
*/r̥, l̥/ to /r, l/ | */r̥, l̥/ to /r, l/ | ||
*Genitive singular leveled to -s, words in -s now have a genitive in -ss | *Genitive singular leveled to -s, words in -s now have a genitive in -ss | ||
*Dative singular leveled to -i, thus words like "ríki" have a dative "ríkí" | *Dative singular leveled to -i, thus words like "ríki" have a dative "ríkí" | ||
*/ɣ/ to /g/ | */ɣ/ to /g/ | ||
*/ɬ/ to /ʃ/ | */ɬ/ to /ʃ/ | ||
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#/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants. | #/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants. | ||
#/f, v/ both become stops before /l, r/, | #/f, v/ both become stops before /l, r/, /b/ and /p/ respectively | ||
#It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so, and it rather consistently happens in those who do it, though proper names form a major exception to this, for example, "Hémnǫ́dą" ("Heimdall") is almost never pronounced with an initial /k/ by any speaker, this is likely due to people's hesitance to modify names. | #It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so, and it rather consistently happens in those who do it, though proper names form a major exception to this, for example, "Hémnǫ́dą" ("Heimdall") is almost never pronounced with an initial /k/ by any speaker, this is likely due to people's hesitance to modify names. | ||
#/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. | #/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. | ||
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=====Neuter patterns===== | =====Neuter patterns===== | ||
{{Húsnorsk nouns n-a|mál-|mǫ́l-|mō-|mǭ-|m= - "Language"}} | |||
{{Jugsnorsk nouns n-a|mál-|mó-|mól-||m= - "Language"}} | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
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'''Hússnorsk''': | '''Hússnorsk''': | ||
:'''Standard''': | :'''Standard''': aldmaðą er brjálsporinn ok javn ǫðrum virðiggi ok réttum. meðą eru haft jęrki ok suvęsti, ok meðą skulu gert aðran bróðurléki. | ||
::/ | ::/au̯d.ma.ðɐ er brjaːu̯s.po.ritn ok javn ɔð.rum vir.ðiɡ.ɡi ok reːt.tum me.ðɐ e.ru xaft jɛr.ki ok su.vɛs.ti ok me.ðɐ sku.lu ɡert að.ran broː.ður.leː.ki/ | ||
:'''Novgorod''': | :'''Novgorod''': ódmadą er brjǭsporinn ok javn ǫdrum virdiggi ok réttum. medą eru haft jęrki ok suvęsti, ok medą skulu gert adran bródurléki. | ||
::/ | ::/oːd.ma.dɐ er brjɔːːs.po.ritn ok jaʋn ɔd.rum vir.diɡ.ɡi ok reːt.tum me.dɐ e.ru xaft jɛr.ki ok su.vɛs.ti ok me.dɐ sku.lu ɡert ad.ran broː.dur.leː.ki/ | ||
:'''Siberia''': | :'''Siberia''': ódmanna er brjósporinn ok javn onnum virðiggi ok réttum. menna eru haft jerki ok suvesti, ok menna skulu gert annan bróðurléki. | ||
::/ | ::/o̞u̯d.mɐn.nɐ e̞r brjo̞ːs.po̞.rɪn o̞k jau̯n o̞n.nʊm ʋɪr.ðɪɡ.ɡɪ o̞k re̞i̯t.tʊm me̞n.nɐ e̞.rʊ xɐft je̞r.kɪ o̞k sʊ.ʋe̞s.tɪ o̞k me̞n.nɐ skʊ.lʊ ɡe̞rt ɐn.nɐn bro̞u̯.ðʊr.le̞i̯.kɪ/ | ||
'''Literal translation''': | '''Literal translation''': | ||