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Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Húsnorsk
|name=Húsnorsk
|nativename=Hússnorską
|nativename=Húsanorska
|pronunciation=xuːt͡s.nor.skɐ, xuːt͡s.not͡s.kɐ
|pronunciation=xuː.sa.nor.ska
|ethnicity=Húsnorsk
|ethnicity=Húsnorsk
|states=[[w:Novgorod|Novgorod]] and the greater area surrounding it
|states=[[w:Novgorod republic|Húsnorsk republic]]</br>[[w:Altai mountains|Altai mountain region]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam2=[[w:Germanic Languages|Germanic]]
|fam2=[[w:Germanic Languages|Germanic]]
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|fam4=[[w:West Scandinavian|West Scandinavian]]
|fam4=[[w:West Scandinavian|West Scandinavian]]
|script1=Latn
|script1=Latn
|script2=Cyrl
|script2=Brai
|script3=Brai
|ancestor=[[w:Old Norse language|Old Norse]]
|ancestor=[[w:Old Norse language|Old Norse]]
|ancestor2=[[w:Old West Norse|Old West Norse]]
|ancestor2=[[w:Old West Norse|Old West Norse]]
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|created=February 23rd, 2026
|created=February 23rd, 2026
|setting=
|setting=
|stand1=Varhússnorską
|stand1=Varhúsnorsk
|dia1=Húmgądsnorską (Western)
|dia1=Nygadsnorsk (Western)
|dia2=Jugsnorską (Eastern)
|dia2=Jugsnorsk (Eastern)
|familycolor=Indo-European
|familycolor=Indo-European
|nation=Húsnorsk republic, Russia
|nation=Húsnorsk republic, Russia
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}}
}}


[[Húsnorsk]] (/husnorsk/; [[w:endonym|endonym]]: Húmgąds: ''Hússnorską'', /xuːt͡s.nor.skɐ/ or /xuːt͡s.not͡s.kɐ/; Jugs ''Hússnorska'' or ''Хуъсснорска'', /xʊu̯s.sn̥o̞r.skɐ/ or /xʊu̯s.sn̥o̞tʰ.kɐ/) is a distinct Nordic language (or possibly two closely related languages), it is so named "House Norse" for its historical vernacular status. Húsnorsk is considered the continuation of the Norse spoken by the Varangians, though this is heavily disputed, as Húsnorsk is clearly West Nordic. Húsnorsk is considered decently divergent for a Nordic language, often being unintelligible to the others (Take Húmgąds /ɔ:.dɐ/, Jugs /o̞u.dɐ/ vs Swedish /al/, Danish /ælˀ/, Icelandic /atlʏr/, and Old (West) Norse /ɑlːr̩/)
[[Húsnorsk]] (/husnorsk/; [[w:endonym|endonym]]: Varhúsnorsk: ''Húsanorska'', /xuː.sa.nor.ska/; Nygadsnorsk: ''Hússnorska'', /xuːt͡s.nor.ska/; Jugsnorsk ''Húsinorska'', /xʊu̯.sɪ.n̥o̞r.skɐ/) is a distinct Nordic language (or possibly two closely related languages), it is so named "House Norse" for its historical vernacular status. Húsnorsk is considered the continuation of the Norse spoken by the Varangians, though this is heavily disputed, as Húsnorsk is clearly West Nordic. Húsnorsk is considered decently divergent for a Nordic language, often being unintelligible to the others (Take Varhúsnorsk /au̯.dɐ/ Nygadsnorsk /ɔ:.dɐ/, Jugsnorsk /o̞u.dɐ/ vs Swedish /al/, Danish /ælˀ/, Icelandic /atlʏr/, and Old (West) Norse /ɑlːr̩/)


While Nygadsnorsk and Jugsnorsk are often considered dialects of Húsnorsk, they are divergent enough to earn distinct articles, where Varhúsnorsk (or Standard Húsnorsk; Geneologically ''Common Húsnorsk'') is also distinct enough from both to be separated. This article will present all three in detail side-by-side as if in comparison to each other.
==History==
==History==
===Early Húsnorsk (1100AD~1350AD)===
===Early Húsnorsk (1100AD~1350AD)===
The earliest records of Húsnorsk come from birch bark letters in Novgorod, these letters tend to be rather short though. Many of these seem to be from educational settings, teaching children to read and write (See [[w:Onfim|Onfim]] for an example of this from the same area).  
The earliest records of Húsnorsk come from birch bark letters in Novgorod, these letters tend to be rather short though. Many of these seem to be from educational settings, teaching children to read and write (See [[w:Onfim|Onfim]] for an example of this from the same area).  


:"эк дрэп драугъ" ("ek drep draugą") - The transcript of no. 173 from the Húsnorsk educational birch collection, reading "I kill draugr(!)", with "draugr" mistakenly in the nominative instead of the accusative.
:"ek drep draugȧ" - The transcript of no. 173 from the Húsnorsk educational birch collection, reading "I kill draugr", with "draugr" mistakenly in the nominative instead of the accusative. ("ȧ" is equivalent to modern "ą")


The Húsnorsk are considered the descendants of the Varangians who lived in this area, and this is historically supported through many records (See [[w:Novgorod#History|Novgorod's history]]), as such, Húsnorsk is often considered the continuation of the Old Norse spoken by Novgorodians, though this seems unlikely, as the Varangians, being from Sweden, would have spoken Old East Norse, whereas Húsnorsk is clearly West Nordic.
The Húsnorsk are considered the descendants of the Varangians who lived in this area, and this is historically supported through many records (See [[w:Novgorod#History|Novgorod's history]]), as such, Húsnorsk is often considered the continuation of the Old Norse spoken by Novgorodians, though this seems unlikely, as the Varangians, being from Sweden, would have spoken Old East Norse, whereas Húsnorsk is clearly West Nordic.
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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Húmgądsnorską===
===Varhúsnorsk===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Velar
|-
! colspan=2 | Nasal
| m
|
| n
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Stop
! Unvoiced
| p
|
| t
| k
|-
! Voiced
| b
|
| d
| g
|-
! rowspan=2 | Fricative
! Unvoiced
| f
| θ
| s
| x
|-
! Voiced
| v
| ð
|
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Approximant
! Unvoiced
|
|
| r̥, l̥
|
|-
! Voiced
|
|
| r, l
| j
|-
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=2 | Front
! rowspan=2 | Central
! rowspan=2 | Back
|-
! Unround
! Round
|-
! High
| i
| y
|
| u
|-
! Mid-High
| e
| ø
|
| o
|-
! Mid-Low
| ɛ
|
|
| ɔ
|-
! Low
|
|
| ɐ
| ɑ
|-
|}
 
#All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, /u/ can be overlong (from Old Norse /uːl/)
 
 
===Nygadsnorsk===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
|-
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#All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, and the round vowels (/u, o, ɔ, y, ø/) can be overlong.
#All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, and the round vowels (/u, o, ɔ, y, ø/) can be overlong.


===Jugsnorską===
===Jugsnorsk===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
|-
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'''Hússnorską''':
'''Hússnorską''':
:'''Standard''': Drýmða mik ą drým í nátt um : sýki ók dýran fǿd
:'''Standard''': Drýmða mik ą drým í nátt um : silki ók dýran feld
::/dryːm.ða mik ɐ dryːm iː naːʰt um : syː.ki oːk dyː.ran føːd/
::/dryːm.ða mik ɐ dryːm iː naːʰt um : siu̯.ki oːk dyː.ran feu̯d/
:'''Novgorod''': Drýmda mik ą drým í nátt um : sýki ók dýran fǿd
:'''Novgorod''': Drýmda mik ą drým í nátt um : sýki ók dýran fǿd
::/dryːm.da mik ɐ dryːm iː naːʰt um : syː.ki oːk dyː.ran føːd/
::/dryːm.da mik ɐ dryːm iː naːʰt um : syː.ki oːk dyː.ran føːd/
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! Meaning
! Meaning
! Old Norse
! Old Norse
! Varhússnorską
! Varhúsnorsk
! Húmgądsnorską
! Nygadsnorsk
! Jugsnorską
! Jugsnorsk
! Icelandic
! Icelandic
! Swedish
! Swedish
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|1||fire
|1||fire
| eldr
| eldr
| ǿdą
| eldą
| ǿdą
| ǿdą
| ǿda
| ǿda
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|68||skin/hide
|68||skin/hide
| feldr (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húð
| feldr (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húð
| fǿdą (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húð (human)
| feldą (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húð (human)
| fǿdą (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húd, kúd (human)
| fǿdą (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húd, kúd (human)
| fǿda (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húð (human)
| fǿda (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húð (human)
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|93||bird
|93||bird
| fugl, fogl
| fugl, fogl
| fuglą
| fugl(ą)
| fuglą
| fuglą
| fogla
| fogla
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