Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions

(8 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

Line 4:

|name=Húsnorsk

|nativename=Hússnorską

|pronunciation=xuːt͡s.nor.skɐ

|pronunciation=xuːt͡s.nor.skɐ, xuːt͡s.not͡s.kɐ

|ethnicity=Húsnorsk

|states=[[w:Novgorod|Novgorod]] and the greater area surrounding it

|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]

|fam2=[[w:Germanic Languages|Germanic]]

Line 17:

Line 18:

|created=February 23rd, 2026

|setting=

|stand1=Varhússnorską

|familycolor=Indo-European

|nation=

|minority=

|minority=Norskshúmgądą, Russríki (Húsnorsk republic, Novgorod Oblast, Russia)

|speakers=

|speakers=(L1) 1,000,000

|speakers2=

|speakers2=(L2) 50,000-100,000

|date=~~2015~~

|date=2018

|agency=

|agency=(Unrecognized) Hússnorsksakademin (The Húsnorsk Academy)

|notice=IPA

}}

Line 29:

Line 32:

==History==

===Development===

===Early Húsnorsk (1100AD~1350AD)===

The earliest records of Húsnorsk come from birch bark letters in Novgorod, these letters tend to be rather short though. Many of these seem to be from educational settings, teaching children to read and write (See [[w:Onfim|Onfim]] for an example of this from the same area). The Húsnorsk are considered the descendants of the Varangians who lived in this area, and this is historically supported through many records (See [[w:Novgorod#History|Novgorod's history]]), as such, Húsnorsk is often considered the continuation of the Old Norse spoken by Novgorodians, though this seems unlikely, as the Varangians, being from Sweden, would have spoken Old East Norse, whereas Húsnorsk is clearly West Nordic.

Húsnorsk diverged significantly from the other Nordic languages quite early on, we see orthographic changes within the first few centuries after Old Norse is dated at splitting apart, the most major early change is the development of post-vocalic /l/, as the spellings for it seem to have changed rapidly among the entire populace (see "auą" for Old Norse "alr").

===Middle Húsnorsk (1350AD~1600AD)===

===Early Modern Húsnorsk (1600AD~1850AD)===

===Modern Húsnorsk (1850AD~Today)===

Modern Húsnorsk is still spoken around its historic homeland of Novgorod, as of the 1940's the region has been officially organized into the Húsnorsk republic, where Húsnorsk acts as the official language, with both Old Norse and Old Church Slavonic being treated as official liturgical languages.

As of 1973, Húsnorsk has been overseen by the largely unrecognized, though respected, Hússnorsksakademin, who are attempting to gain more international recognition so they can work with the UN to offer Húsnorsk translations of many of the documents. They've also worked with both theologists and linguists to created modern translations of ancient Norse religious texts, as many of the Húsnorsk still follow Norse Heathenry, the most major among these is a [[Húsnorsk Eddas|translation of the Eddas]] and a [[Húsnorsk Hávamál|translation of the Hávamál]].

Húsnorsk is currently considered vulnerable by UNESCO, as resources for learning it are lacking at best. As can be gathered from the L2 population, Húsnorsk resources are generally sparse, poor quality, or difficult to parse, and almost all of the easily accessible and high quality resources for it are in Russian. Another issue that motivated this decision is the general lack of recognition Húsnorsk recieves, stating that:

<blockquote>Even ''within'' its homeland, Húsnorsk is rarely acknowledged, this may be influenced by the fact that Húsnorsk has a stable, but relatively small, native population, meaning both that they don't need to advocate for support nor does it recieve much attention from any circle except the Nordo-sphere. [emphasis added]</blockquote>

==Development==

Húsnorsk's phonological history is, for the most part, deeply understood. The development of certain consonants and vowels isn't fully understood, such as the mechanism behind Old Norse "ár" to Húsnorsk "aą", and Old Norse initial /x/ to Húsnorsk /k/, the latter of which is extremely poorly understood as it's not known what caused it nor where it happens.

Line 39:

Line 59:

/xʷ/ to /x/, the lost labialization affects the vowel, rounding or raising vowels.

:Masculine a-stems reformed to all end in -r regardless of final consonant

:Masculine a-stems reformed to all end in -r regardless of final consonant (Known to have happened before /r̩/ > /ɐ/ due to some recorded misspellings)

/r̩/ to /ɐ/ (see rule #1 for "ár")

Line 56:

Line 76:

coda geminates to /ʰC/ when voiceless, to a fricative when voiced, and nasals to /PN/ (/n:/ > /tn/)

:-ðr-/-nn- paradigm leveled to -ðr- throughout

::see Old Norse "annarr" and "mann" (accusative of "maðr") to modern Húsnorsk "adrarą" and "mad" (-nn > -d due to the next change)

:Around the same time as the -ðr-/-nn- leveling, the masculine consonant stems are merged with the masculine a-stems

Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, eu, iu, øu, yu, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, øː, øː, yː, yː, yː, oː, uː/

Line 67:

Line 91:

/sː/ to /ts/ when occupying coda only

? /st/ to /s/ after consonants, especially nasals (see "blómstr" to "blómsą")

Word initial /x/ occasionaly strengthens to /k/ when not in a cluster (Unknown why this is inconsistent, though it seems to happen more, but not exclusively, before long vowels)

Line 75:

Line 101:

Devoicing of stops in contact with /s/

splitting of /eː/ into /je/, this isn't a complete sound change, as many speakers still don't display it (see the variation of "réttą" between /reːt.tɐ/ and /rjet.tɐ/)

==Phonology==

Line 130:

Line 158:

#/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants.

#/f, v/ both become stops before /l, r/, /v/ always becomes /b/, and /f/ either becomes /p/ or /b/ depending on when the cluster happened ("fl" from Old Norse becomes "bl", but newly formed "fl" becomes "pl")

#It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so, and it rather consistently happens in those who do it, though proper names form a major exception to this, for example, "Hémnǫ́dą" ("Heimdall") is almost never pronounced with an initial /k/ by any speaker, this is likely due to people's hesitance to modify names.

#/f, v/ both become stops before /l, r/, /v/ always becomes /b/, and /f/ either becomes /p/ or /b/ depending on when the cluster happened ("fl" from Old Norse becomes "bl", but newly formed "fl" becomes "pl")

#/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. /v/ is also occasionally realized as /u̯/ between a vowel and consonant (eg. /VvC/ > [Vu̯C], as in "javn" being [jau̯n] for some speakers).

#Can technically be analyzed as an allophone of /rː/, it's listed as a separate phoneme here because it's a universal change.

Line 344:

Line 372:

==Texts==

===Drømde mik en drøm i nat===

Old East Norse:

Original (Old East Norse):

:Drømde mik en drøm i nat um silki ok ærlik pæl

Old West ~~Norse¹~~:

Old West Norse:

:Dreymða mik (einn?) draum í nátt um silki ok ærligan feld

Húsnorsk:

:Drýmda mik ą² drým í nátt um sýki ók dýran fǿd

:Drýmda mik ą drým í nátt um sýki ók dýran fǿd

::("ą" is a filler syllable to pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning.)

English:

:I dreamt a dream last night of silk and fine fur.

===UDHR Article 1===

Original (English):

:All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Húsnorsk:

:hørą madą er vrjǭsporinn ók javn ǫdrum virdingi ók réttum. medą eru haft jęrki ók suvęsti, ok medą skulu gert adran bródurléki.

~~#This~~ translation ~~was done by me~~, ~~so it may be a bit off~~.

Literal translation:

#"ą" ~~is a filler syllable~~ to ~~pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning~~.

:Every human is free-born and the same to others, to value, and to rights. Humans will always have reason and conscience, and humans should (or "must") treat others to brotherhood.

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 |name=Húsnorsk
 |nativename=Hússnorską
-|pronunciation=xuːt͡s.nor.skɐ
+|pronunciation=xuːt͡s.nor.skɐ, xuːt͡s.not͡s.kɐ
 |ethnicity=Húsnorsk
+|states=[[w:Novgorod|Novgorod]] and the greater area surrounding it
 |fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
 |fam2=[[w:Germanic Languages|Germanic]]
@@ Line 17: / Line 18: @@
 |created=February 23rd, 2026
 |setting=
+|stand1=Varhússnorską
 |familycolor=Indo-European
 |nation=
-|minority=
+|minority=Norskshúmgądą, Russríki (Húsnorsk republic, Novgorod Oblast, Russia)
-|speakers=
+|speakers=(L1) 1,000,000
-|speakers2=
+|speakers2=(L2) 50,000-100,000
-|date=2015
+|date=2018
-|agency=
+|agency=(Unrecognized) Hússnorsksakademin (The Húsnorsk Academy)
+|notice=IPA
 }}
@@ Line 29: / Line 32: @@
 ==History==
-===Development===
+===Early Húsnorsk (1100AD~1350AD)===
+The earliest records of Húsnorsk come from birch bark letters in Novgorod, these letters tend to be rather short though. Many of these seem to be from educational settings, teaching children to read and write (See [[w:Onfim|Onfim]] for an example of this from the same area). The Húsnorsk are considered the descendants of the Varangians who lived in this area, and this is historically supported through many records (See [[w:Novgorod#History|Novgorod's history]]), as such, Húsnorsk is often considered the continuation of the Old Norse spoken by Novgorodians, though this seems unlikely, as the Varangians, being from Sweden, would have spoken Old East Norse, whereas Húsnorsk is clearly West Nordic.
+Húsnorsk diverged significantly from the other Nordic languages quite early on, we see orthographic changes within the first few centuries after Old Norse is dated at splitting apart, the most major early change is the development of post-vocalic /l/, as the spellings for it seem to have changed rapidly among the entire populace (see "auą" for Old Norse "alr").
+===Middle Húsnorsk (1350AD~1600AD)===
+===Early Modern Húsnorsk (1600AD~1850AD)===
+===Modern Húsnorsk (1850AD~Today)===
+Modern Húsnorsk is still spoken around its historic homeland of Novgorod, as of the 1940's the region has been officially organized into the Húsnorsk republic, where Húsnorsk acts as the official language, with both Old Norse and Old Church Slavonic being treated as official liturgical languages.
+As of 1973, Húsnorsk has been overseen by the largely unrecognized, though respected, Hússnorsksakademin, who are attempting to gain more international recognition so they can work with the UN to offer Húsnorsk translations of many of the documents. They've also worked with both theologists and linguists to created modern translations of ancient Norse religious texts, as many of the Húsnorsk still follow Norse Heathenry, the most major among these is a [[Húsnorsk Eddas|translation of the Eddas]] and a [[Húsnorsk Hávamál|translation of the Hávamál]].
+Húsnorsk is currently considered vulnerable by UNESCO, as resources for learning it are lacking at best. As can be gathered from the L2 population, Húsnorsk resources are generally sparse, poor quality, or difficult to parse, and almost all of the easily accessible and high quality resources for it are in Russian. Another issue that motivated this decision is the general lack of recognition Húsnorsk recieves, stating that:
+<blockquote>Even ''within'' its homeland, Húsnorsk is rarely acknowledged, this may be influenced by the fact that Húsnorsk has a stable,  but relatively small, native population, meaning both that they don't need to advocate for support nor does it recieve much attention from any circle except the Nordo-sphere. [emphasis added]</blockquote>
+==Development==
 Húsnorsk's phonological history is, for the most part, deeply understood. The development of certain consonants and vowels isn't fully understood, such as the mechanism behind Old Norse "ár" to Húsnorsk "aą", and Old Norse initial /x/ to Húsnorsk /k/, the latter of which is extremely poorly understood as it's not known what caused it nor where it happens.
@@ Line 39: / Line 59: @@
 /xʷ/ to /x/, the lost labialization affects the vowel, rounding or raising vowels.
-:Masculine a-stems reformed to all end in -r regardless of final consonant
+:Masculine a-stems reformed to all end in -r regardless of final consonant (Known to have happened before /r̩/ > /ɐ/ due to some recorded misspellings)
 /r̩/ to /ɐ/ (see rule #1 for "ár")
@@ Line 56: / Line 76: @@
 coda geminates to /ʰC/ when voiceless, to a fricative when voiced, and nasals to /PN/ (/n:/ > /tn/)
+:-ðr-/-nn- paradigm leveled to -ðr- throughout
+::see Old Norse "annarr" and "mann" (accusative of "maðr") to modern Húsnorsk "adrarą" and "mad" (-nn > -d due to the next change)
+:Around the same time as the -ðr-/-nn- leveling, the masculine consonant stems are merged with the masculine a-stems
 Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, eu, iu, øu, yu, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, øː, øː, yː, yː, yː, oː, uː/
@@ Line 67: / Line 91: @@
 /sː/ to /ts/ when occupying coda only
+<sup>?</sup> /st/ to /s/ after consonants, especially nasals (see "blómstr" to "blómsą")
 Word initial /x/ occasionaly strengthens to /k/ when not in a cluster (Unknown why this is inconsistent, though it seems to happen more, but not exclusively, before long vowels)
@@ Line 75: / Line 101: @@
 Devoicing of stops in contact with /s/
+splitting of /eː/ into /je/, this isn't a complete sound change, as many speakers still don't display it (see the variation of "réttą" between /reːt.tɐ/ and /rjet.tɐ/)
 ==Phonology==
@@ Line 130: / Line 158: @@
 #/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants.
+#/f, v/ both become stops before /l, r/, /v/ always becomes /b/, and /f/ either becomes /p/ or /b/ depending on when the cluster happened ("fl" from Old Norse becomes "bl", but newly formed "fl" becomes "pl")
 #It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so, and it rather consistently happens in those who do it, though proper names form a major exception to this, for example, "Hémnǫ́dą" ("Heimdall") is almost never pronounced with an initial /k/ by any speaker, this is likely due to people's hesitance to modify names.
-#/f, v/ both become stops before /l, r/, /v/ always becomes /b/, and /f/ either becomes /p/ or /b/ depending on when the cluster happened ("fl" from Old Norse becomes "bl", but newly formed "fl" becomes "pl")
 #/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. /v/ is also occasionally realized as /u̯/ between a vowel and consonant (eg. /VvC/ > [Vu̯C], as in "javn" being [jau̯n] for some speakers).
 #Can technically be analyzed as an allophone of /rː/, it's listed as a separate phoneme here because it's a universal change.
@@ Line 344: / Line 372: @@
 ==Texts==
 ===Drømde mik en drøm i nat===
-Old East Norse:
+Original (Old East Norse):
 :Drømde mik en drøm i nat um<br>silki ok ærlik pæl
-Old West Norse¹:
+Old West Norse:
 :Dreymða mik (einn?) draum í nátt um<br>silki ok ærligan feld
 Húsnorsk:
-:Drýmda mik ą² drým í nátt um<br>sýki ók dýran fǿd
+:Drýmda mik ą drým í nátt um<br>sýki ók dýran fǿd
+::("ą" is a filler syllable to pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning.)
 English:
 :I dreamt a dream last night of<br>silk and fine fur.
+===UDHR Article 1===
+Original (English):
+:All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
+Húsnorsk:
+:hørą madą er vrjǭsporinn ók javn ǫdrum virdingi ók réttum. medą eru haft jęrki ók suvęsti, ok medą skulu gert adran bródurléki.
-#This translation was done by me, so it may be a bit off.
+Literal translation:
-#"ą" is a filler syllable to pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning.
+:Every human is free-born and the same to others, to value, and to rights. Humans will always have reason and conscience, and humans should (or "must") treat others to brotherhood.