Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions

(16 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

Line 1:

~~{{WIP}}~~

{{Infobox language

|name=Húsnorsk

|nativename=Hússnorską~~, Hússmǭ~~

|nativename=Hússnorską

|pronunciation=xuːt͡s.nor.skɐ~~, xuːt͡s.mɔːː~~

|pronunciation=xuːt͡s.nor.skɐ

|ethnicity=Húsnorsk

|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]

Line 27:

Line 26:

}}

Húsnorsk is a distinct West Nordic language, it is so named "House Norse" or "House language" for its historical vernacular status. Húsnorsk is considered the continuation of the Norse spoken by the Varangians, though ~~its clear the ancient speakers lived in the far north of Kievan Rus~~, ~~and thus near the other~~ Nordic ~~languages~~. Húsnorsk is considered decently divergent for a Nordic language, often being unintelligible to the others (Take Húsnorsk /ɔ:.dɐ/ vs Swedish /al/, Danish /ælˀ/, Icelandic /atlʏr/, and Old (West) Norse /ɑlːr̩/)

Húsnorsk is a distinct West Nordic language, it is so named "House Norse" or "House language" for its historical vernacular status. Húsnorsk is considered the continuation of the Norse spoken by the Varangians, though this is heavily disputed, as Húsnorsk is clearly West Nordic. Húsnorsk is considered decently divergent for a Nordic language, often being unintelligible to the others (Take Húsnorsk /ɔ:.dɐ/ vs Swedish /al/, Danish /ælˀ/, Icelandic /atlʏr/, and Old (West) Norse /ɑlːr̩/)

==History==

Line 58:

Line 57:

| f

| s

| x

| x¹

|-

! Voiced

| v

|

| ʒ

|

|-

Line 77:

Line 76:

|-

! Voiced

|

| (ʋ)²

| r, l

|

| j

|-

|}

#It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so, and it rather consistently happens in those who do it, though proper names form a major exception to this, for example, "Hémnǫ́dą" ("Heimdall") is almost never pronounced with an initial /k/ by any speaker, this is likely due to people's hesitance to modify names.

#/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially.

All stops have different values when geminated in coda position (Meaning when the geminate isn't split across syllables), they are:

Line 126:

Line 127:

|}

#All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, and /y, u~~, ø~~, o, ɔ/ can be overlong

#All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, and the round vowels (/u, o, ɔ, y, ø/) can be overlong.

==Morphology==

Line 134:

Line 135:

==Syntax==

Húsnorsk has relatively free word order, outside of requiring V2, allowing nouns to appear anywhere in the sentence as long as they're marked correctly.

These following examples will serve to illustrate sentence construction in Húsnorsk. (subject in yellow, verb in blue, object in red).

:'''''mannvjódinn vą 1.500 '''''—''The population was 1,500''

In this example, the word order matches English relatively well, and we see "vą" ("was") in the second position.

In this next example, we see it break away from English order, with the verb still occupying V2 position.

:'''''árit 2000 vą mannvjódinn 1.500'''''—''In 2000, the population was 1,500'' (lit. ''The year 2000 was the population 1,500'')

The prepositional phrase "árit 2000" (in green) counts as a single unit, thus the verb must come after ''2000'' rather than ''árit''.

Unlike Icelandic, V2 order has no exceptions, as SV inversion isn't used for yes/no questions. In the following example, you'll see one method of question marking:

:'''''Ari havi sútin''''' — ''Ari is hungry'' (lit. ''Ari has hungry'')

and as a question:

:'''''Ari havi sútin?''''' — ''Is Ari hungry?'' (lit. ''Ari has hungry?'')

Here you see the most common form of question, one without grammatical change, these use a rising vocal intonation as their marking (or a question mark in writing).

Another method is SO inversion, as in:

:'''''sútin havi Ari?''''' — ''Is Ari hungry?'' (lit. ''Hungry has Ari?'')

Something important you'll notice here is the use of "to have" where "to be" is used in other Germanic languages, this is a feature of Húsnorsk where permanent attributes use "to be" while temporary states use "to have", thus:

:'''''Ari er sø̄''''' — ''Ari is happy'' (Ari is ''always'' happy)

:'''''Ari havi sø̄''''' — ''Ari is happy'' (Ari is happy right now)

While "hava" can generally only take a noun, when used this way, "hava" takes an adjective just like "vera". When both an adjective and a noun exist, there is a semantic difference in meaning between the two, so saying '''''Ari havi sø̄''''' is the English "Ari is happy", but saying '''''Ari havi sø̄d''''' means she's possessing happiness, "having happiness" is roughly equivalent to saying "withholding/denying happiness".

This hava vs vera copula system is, in a way, similar to Spanish's two copulas.

==Texts==

===Drømde mik en drøm i nat===

Old East Norse:

:Drømde mik en drøm i nat um silki ok ærlik pæl

Old West Norse¹:

:Dreymða mik (einn?) draum í nátt um silki ok ærligan feld

Húsnorsk:

:Drýmda mik ą² drým í nátt um sýki ók dýran fǿd

English:

:I dreamt a dream last night of silk and fine fur.

#This translation was done by me, so it may be a bit off.

#"ą" is a filler syllable to pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{privatelang}}
-{{WIP}}
 {{Infobox language
 |name=Húsnorsk
-|nativename=Hússnorską, Hússmǭ
+|nativename=Hússnorską
-|pronunciation=xuːt͡s.nor.skɐ, xuːt͡s.mɔːː
+|pronunciation=xuːt͡s.nor.skɐ
 |ethnicity=Húsnorsk
 |fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
@@ Line 27: / Line 26: @@
 }}
-Húsnorsk is a distinct West Nordic language, it is so named "House Norse" or "House language" for its historical vernacular status. Húsnorsk is considered the continuation of the Norse spoken by the Varangians, though its clear the ancient speakers lived in the far north of Kievan Rus, and thus near the other Nordic languages. Húsnorsk is considered decently divergent for a Nordic language, often being unintelligible to the others (Take Húsnorsk /ɔ:.dɐ/ vs Swedish /al/, Danish /ælˀ/, Icelandic /atlʏr/, and Old (West) Norse /ɑlːr̩/)
+Húsnorsk is a distinct West Nordic language, it is so named "House Norse" or "House language" for its historical vernacular status. Húsnorsk is considered the continuation of the Norse spoken by the Varangians, though this is heavily disputed, as Húsnorsk is clearly West Nordic. Húsnorsk is considered decently divergent for a Nordic language, often being unintelligible to the others (Take Húsnorsk /ɔ:.dɐ/ vs Swedish /al/, Danish /ælˀ/, Icelandic /atlʏr/, and Old (West) Norse /ɑlːr̩/)
 ==History==
@@ Line 58: / Line 57: @@
 | f
 | s
-| x
+| x¹
 |-
 ! Voiced
 | v
-|
+| ʒ
 |
 |-
@@ Line 77: / Line 76: @@
 |-
 ! Voiced
-|
+| (ʋ)²
 | r, l
-|
+| j
 |-
 |}
+#It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so, and it rather consistently happens in those who do it, though proper names form a major exception to this, for example, "Hémnǫ́dą" ("Heimdall") is almost never pronounced with an initial /k/ by any speaker, this is likely due to people's hesitance to modify names.
+#/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially.
 All stops have different values when geminated in coda position (Meaning when the geminate isn't split across syllables),  they are:
@@ Line 126: / Line 127: @@
 |}
-#All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, and /y, u, ø, o, ɔ/ can be overlong
+#All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, and the round vowels (/u, o, ɔ, y, ø/) can be overlong.
 ==Morphology==
@@ Line 134: / Line 135: @@
 ==Syntax==
+Húsnorsk has relatively free word order, outside of requiring V2, allowing nouns to appear anywhere in the sentence as long as they're marked correctly.
+These following examples will serve to illustrate sentence construction in Húsnorsk. (subject in yellow, verb in blue, object in red).
+:'''''<span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fad67d">mannvjódinn</span> <span style="background-color:#abd5f5">vą</span> <span style="background-color:#ff9090"> 1.500</span> </span>'''''—''The population was 1,500''
+In this example, the word order matches English relatively well, and we see "vą" ("was") in the second position.
+In this next example, we see it break away from English order, with the verb still occupying V2 position.
+:'''''<span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#90ff90">árit 2000</span> <span style="background-color:#abd5f5">vą</span> <span style="background-color:#fad67d">mannvjódinn</span> <span style="background-color:#ff9090">1.500</span></span>'''''—''In 2000, the population was 1,500'' (lit. ''The year 2000 was the population 1,500'')
+The prepositional phrase "árit 2000" (in green) counts as a single unit, thus the verb must come after ''2000'' rather than ''árit''.
+Unlike Icelandic, V2 order has no exceptions, as SV inversion isn't used for yes/no questions. In the following example, you'll see one method of question marking:
+:'''''Ari havi sútin''''' — ''Ari is hungry'' (lit. ''Ari has hungry'')
+and as a question:
+:'''''Ari havi sútin?''''' — ''Is Ari hungry?'' (lit. ''Ari has hungry?'')
+Here you see the most common form of question, one without grammatical change, these use a rising vocal intonation as their marking (or a question mark in writing).
+Another method is SO inversion, as in:
+:'''''sútin havi Ari?''''' — ''Is Ari hungry?'' (lit. ''Hungry has Ari?'')
+Something important you'll notice here is the use of "to have" where "to be" is used in other Germanic languages, this is a feature of Húsnorsk where permanent attributes use "to be" while temporary states use "to have", thus:
+:'''''Ari er sø̄''''' — ''Ari is happy'' (Ari is ''always'' happy)
+:'''''Ari havi sø̄''''' — ''Ari is happy'' (Ari is happy right now)
+While "hava" can generally only take a noun, when used this way, "hava" takes an adjective just like "vera". When both an adjective and a noun exist, there is a semantic difference in meaning between the two, so saying '''''Ari havi sø̄''''' is the English "Ari is happy", but saying '''''Ari havi sø̄d''''' means she's possessing happiness, "having happiness" is roughly equivalent to saying "withholding/denying happiness".
+This hava vs vera copula system is, in a way, similar to Spanish's two copulas.
+==Texts==
+===Drømde mik en drøm i nat===
+Old East Norse:
+:Drømde mik en drøm i nat um<br>silki ok ærlik pæl
+Old West Norse¹:
+:Dreymða mik (einn?) draum í nátt um<br>silki ok ærligan feld
+Húsnorsk:
+:Drýmda mik ą² drým í nátt um<br>sýki ók dýran fǿd
+English:
+:I dreamt a dream last night of<br>silk and fine fur.
+#This translation was done by me, so it may be a bit off.
+#"ą" is a filler syllable to pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning.