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Yeuric: Difference between revisions

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|name=Yeuric
|name=Yeuric
|nativename=ẉēirahlauwa
|nativename=ẉēirahlauwa
|pronunciation=ʝiːr.ɬøu̯
|pronunciation=ʝiːr.ɬœu̯
|ethnicity=Yeuric peoples
|ethnicity=Yeuric peoples
|fam1=[[Proto-Yeuran]]
|fam1=[[Proto-Yeuran]]
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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
This following table is set up in a way that is slightly odd, but it reflects historical patterns and orthographic tradition, such as many of the sounds being under "ejective" despite plainly not being ejective.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 |
! colspan=2 | Labial
! colspan=2 | Alveolar
! colspan=2 | Velar
|-
! Plain
! Ejective
! Plain
! Ejective
! Plain
! Ejective
|-
! colspan=2 | Nasal
| m
| ᵐb
| n
| ⁿd
| ŋ
| ᵑɡ
|-
! rowspan=2 | Stop
! Unvoiced
| p
| rowspan=2 | pʼ
| t
| rowspan=2 | tʼ
| k
| rowspan=2 | kʼ
|-
! Voiced
| b
| d
| g
|-
! rowspan=2 | Fricative
! Unvoiced
| f
| pɸ
| s
| ts
| x
|
|-
! Voiced
| v
| bβ
| d
| dz
| ɣ
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Liquid
! Unvoiced
| ʍ
|
| r̥
| rowspan=2 | rʼ
| j̊¹
|
|-
! Voiced
| w
|
| r
| j¹
|
|-
! rowspan=2 | Lateral
! Unvoiced
|
|
| ɬ
| tɬ
|
|
|-
! Voiced
|
|
| l
| dɮ
|
|
|-
|}
#Placed under "velar" for space purposes, still a true palatal.
In Yeuric, any consonant can have a variety of coarticulations, those being /Cʲ, Cʷ, Cᶣ/, some of these are realized differently though:
:/t, d, n, s, z, k, g, ŋ, x, ɣ/ are realized as /tʃ(ʷ), dʒ(ʷ), ɲ(ʷ), ʃ(ʷ), ʒ(ʷ), c(ʷ), ɟ(ʷ), ɲ(ʷ), ç(ʷ), ʝ(ʷ)/ when (labio-)palatalized.
:/wʷ, wʲ, wᶣ/ are realized as /wː, ɥ, ɥː/, and /jʷ, jʲ, jᶣ/ are realized as /ɥ, jː, ɥː/
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=2 | Front
! rowspan=2 | Central
! rowspan=2 | Back
|-
! Unround
! Round
|-
! High
| i
| y
|
| u
|-
! Mid-High
| e
| ø
| rowspan=2 | ə
| o
|-
! Mid-Low
| ɛ
| œ
| ɔ
|-
! Low
|
|
|
| ɑ
|-
|}
==Orthography==
==Orthography==
Yeuric's orthography is notoriously difficult, as it is substantially historic, to the point it seems to have never been updated even once, this results in spellings that are anything but phonemic, take /t͡ʃʷymni/ which has the spelling "tíumti".
Yeuric's orthography is notoriously difficult, as it is substantially historic, to the point it seems to have never been updated even once, this results in spellings that are anything but phonemic, take [t͡ʃʷym] which has the spelling "tíuma".
 
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Yeuric orthography (consonants)
|-
! rowspan=2 | Letter
! colspan=4 | Pronunciation
|-
! Plain
! Palatal
! Lab-Pal
! Labial
|-
| m
| m
| mʲ
| mᶣ
| mʷ
|-
| ṃ
| ᵐb
| ᵐbʲ
| ᵐbᶣ
| ᵐbʷ
|-
| n
| n
| ɲ
| ɲʷ
| m
|-
| ṇ
| ⁿd
| ⁿdʒ
| ⁿdʒʷ
| ᵐb
|-
| ŋ
| ŋ
| ɲ
| ɲʷ
| ŋʷ
|-
| ŋ̇
| ᵑɡ
| ᶮɟ
| ᶮɟʷ
| ᵑɡʷ
|-
| p
| p
| pʲ
| pᶣ
| pʷ
|-
| ṗ
| pʼ
| pʼʲ
| pʼᶣ
| pʼʷ
|-
| b
| b
| bʲ
| bᶣ
| bʷ
|-
| ḅ
| pʼ
| pʼʲ
| pʼᶣ
| pʼʷ
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|}
(will be finished later)


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
The basics of Yeuric morphology are rather easy to follow, being an agglutinative language.
The basics of Yeuric grammar are rather easy to follow, being an agglutinative language.


Different parts of speech are formed through different infixes:
Different parts of speech are formed through different infixes:
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:-o- forms copulative verbs
:-o- forms copulative verbs
:-a- forms adverbs (may be changed later)
:-a- forms adverbs (may be changed later)
These infixes function as a form of nonconcatenative morphology, as they cause vowel aternations in the root, rather than adding additional material to it, see "hlawa" /ɬɑu̯/, "to speak" > "hlauwa" /ɬœu̯/, "speech"
Basic verbs form the language's roots, notice how "hlawa" ("to speak") has none of these infixes.
Basic verbs form the language's roots, notice how "hlawa" ("to speak") has none of these infixes.


Another major aspect of Yeuric grammar is noun incorporation that borders polysyntheticism. Take, for example, the sentence "páruhzawyapáeruv‧yel‧kávihzawyatéulnivri?", which means "Won't you take my hand and follow my lead?" (From the song "Whistling Tree", by Haunted Like Human), this breaks down roughly as:
===Syntax===
: páru⸗h⸗za⸗wya páeru⸗v ‧yel‧ kávi⸗h⸗za⸗wya téulni⸗v⸗ṛi?
Noun incorporation is incredibly common to the extent of seeming almost polysynthetic. For example, "páruḥazaḷapáeruv‧ẉel‧káviḥazaḷateulivṛé?", which means "Won't you take my hand and follow my lead?" (From the song "Whistling Tree", by Haunted Like Human), this breaks down roughly as:
: take-fut-2.if¹-1.gen hand-acc and follow-fut-2.if-1.gen guidance-acc-ṛi²
:páru⸗ḥa⸗za-páeru⸗ḷa⸗v-ẉel-kávi⸗ḥa⸗za-teuli⸗ḷa⸗v⸗ṛé?
 
:take⸗fut⸗2.if¹-hand⸗1.gen⸗acc-and-follow⸗fut⸗2.if-guidance⸗1.gen⸗acc⸗ṛé²
1: "inf" = "informal"


2: "‧ṛi " is roughly for "won't?" questions
#"if" = "informal"
#"‧ṛé " is roughly for "won't?" questions


===Morphology===
===Morphology===
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Noun compounding is common, in modern Yeuric, it functions by cleaving the gender affix off the end of the first component then adding the second component, though the affix is still often written, as in "ẉēirahlauwa".
Noun compounding is common, in modern Yeuric, it functions by cleaving the gender affix off the end of the first component then adding the second component, though the affix is still often written, as in "ẉēirahlauwa".
Nominals have 3 genders, these being neuter, feminine, and masculine. The neuter is often considered the default, though verbs appear with the endings for all of them (verbs making up the roots nouns are derived from). These genders are determined through the final vowel of the root.
:Neuter: -a
:Feminine: -i, -e
:Masculine: -u, -o
Nouns have a pseudo-animacy hierarchy that functions derivationally, these are shown through affixes:
:Things of native origin: -n
:Inanimate/dead: -d
:Animate: -ṣ
:Gods: -ḳ
Nouns also take a definite article, though this functions slightly differently to English. The definite article is "ḳo-", and it covers all the English uses, as well as being used in some places it isn't in English. A general overview of how it's used is: specific referent, proper names (of anything)¹, and certain mythological beings (especially gods).
#This includes people, places, animals, plants, etc.
It should be noted there are a few exceptions, examples being:
*"Saujaḳ" is a god whose name never takes the article, as the form "ḳoSaujaḳ" refers to a different being.
*"Ṣáuṛdi" is the name of the great desert on the Yeuran peoples' home planet, but also refers to the Sahara, it's unclear why, but it never takes the definite article.
*Some language names take the definite article, such as "ḳoẎarabija", the name for Arabic.


====Verbs====
====Verbs====
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====Pronouns====
====Pronouns====
{{template:Neo-Yeuric pronouns}}
As can be seen, all Yeuric pronouns are clitic, with most attaching to the verb, while the genitive attaches to the noun, as in "hlauwaḷa" ("my message").
Additionally, the noun case affixes can be applied to pronouns (both to the nominative and genitive ones) to convey additional information, as in:
:páruḥazapáeru(v)ḷav
:páru⸗ḥa⸗za-páeru(⸗v)⸗ḷa⸗v
:take⸗fut⸗2.if-hand(⸗acc)⸗1.gen⸗acc
====Adverbs====
====Adverbs====
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Yeuric"