Mariupol Gothic: Difference between revisions
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* Loss of initial /h/ in all positions. | * Loss of initial /h/ in all positions. | ||
** ''handu'' → ''andu'' | ** ''handu'' → ''andu'' "hand" | ||
** ''hūs'' → ''ūs'' | ** ''hūs'' → ''ūs'' "house" | ||
* Simplification of geminate consonants. | * Simplification of geminate consonants. | ||
** /tt kk ss/ → /t k s/ | ** /tt kk ss/ → /t k s/ | ||
** ''sittan'' → ''sitan'' “to sit” | |||
* Raising of long mid vowels. | * Raising of long mid vowels. | ||
** /eː/ → /iː/ | ** /eː/ → /iː/ | ||
*** ''dēdan'' → ''dīdan'' “to do” | |||
** /oː/ → /uː/ | ** /oː/ → /uː/ | ||
*** ''bōks'' → ''būks'' “book” | |||
* Short vowels remained unchanged during this stage. | * Short vowels remained unchanged during this stage. | ||
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* Palatalization of velar consonants before front vowels. | * Palatalization of velar consonants before front vowels. | ||
** /k/ → /t͡ʃ/ | ** /k/ → /t͡ʃ/ | ||
** /g/ → /j/ | *** ''mikils'' → /mit͡ʃils/ “big” | ||
** /g/ → /j/ | |||
*** ''giban'' → /jiban/ "to give" | |||
* Reduction of unstressed non-high vowels. | * Reduction of unstressed non-high vowels. | ||
** /a e o/ → [ə] in unstressed syllables | ** /a e o/ → [ə] in unstressed syllables | ||
*** ''sunō'' → ''sunə'' “sons” | |||
* Fronting of /β/ | * Fronting of /β/ | ||
** /β/ → /v/ | ** /β/ → /v/ | ||
*** /jiban/ → /jivan/ "to give" | |||
==== Late Middle Gothic (after c. 1200) ==== | ==== Late Middle Gothic (after c. 1200) ==== | ||
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* Loss of vowel length contrast. | * Loss of vowel length contrast. | ||
** Long and short vowels merged, with /ɪ/ remaining distinct from /i/. | ** Long and short vowels merged, with /ɪ/ remaining distinct from /i/. | ||
*** ''dīdan'' → ''didan'' “to do” | |||
*** ''mikils'' → /mɪt͡ʃəls/ “big” | |||
** /uː u/ → /u/ | |||
*** ''būks'' → ''buks'' “book” | |||
* Loss of word-final high vowels. | * Loss of word-final high vowels. | ||
* Final /i u/ → ∅ | ** Final /i u/ → ∅ | ||
** ''suni'' → ''sun'' | *** ''suni'' → ''sun'' "son" | ||
** ''andu'' → ''and'' | *** ''andu'' → ''and'' "hand" | ||
* General weakening of /g/ in all positions. | * General weakening of /g/ in all positions. | ||
** /g/ → /ɣ/ → /ɦ/ | ** /g/ → /ɣ/ → /ɦ/ | ||
*** ''dag'' → /daɦ/ “day” | |||
==== Modern Gothic (c. 1600 onwards) ==== | ==== Modern Gothic (c. 1600 onwards) ==== | ||
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* Word-final obstruent devoicing. | * Word-final obstruent devoicing. | ||
** /b d z v ɦ/ → [p t s f h] word-finally | ** /b d z v ɦ/ → [p t s f h] word-finally | ||
*** /daɦ/ → [dah] “day” | |||
* Secondary palatalization of dental consonants and affricates before front vowels. | * Secondary palatalization of dental consonants and affricates before front vowels. | ||
** /t d s z n r l t͡ʃ/ → [Cʲ] / _ {i, e} | ** /t d s z n r l t͡ʃ/ → [Cʲ] / _ {i, e} | ||
*** ''nі'' → [nʲi] “not” | |||
== Orthography == | == Orthography == | ||