Mariupol Gothic: Difference between revisions

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 During World War II many Goths were expelled to various oblasts in Siberia to work as slave labour for the Soviet war machine. Like the Germans in the USSR, the Goths were feared to be sympathetic to the Nazis and therefore were persecuted heavily during World War II. While some Goths returned to the Black Sea after the war, many others had emigrated abroad to countries such as Brazil and Argentina.
+== Historical Development ==
+=== Classical Gothic (c. 400–800) ===
+* Loss of initial /h/ in all positions.
+** ''handu'' → ''andu'' "hand"
+** ''hūs'' → ''ūs'' "house"
+* Simplification of geminate consonants.
+** /tt kk ss/ → /t k s/
+** ''sittan'' → ''sitan'' “to sit”
+* Raising of long mid vowels.
+** /eː/ → /iː/
+*** ''dēdan'' → ''dīdan'' “to do”
+** /oː/ → /uː/
+*** ''bōks'' → ''būks'' “book”
+* Short vowels remained unchanged during this stage.
+==== Early Middle Gothic (c. 800–1200) ====
+* Palatalization of velar consonants before front vowels.
+** /k/ → /t͡ʃ/
+*** ''mikils'' → /mit͡ʃils/ “big”
+** /g/ → /j/
+*** ''giban'' → /jiban/ "to give"
+* Reduction of unstressed non-high vowels.
+** /a e o/ → [ə] in unstressed syllables
+*** ''sunō'' → ''sunə'' “sons”
+* Fronting of /β/
+** /β/ → /v/
+*** /jiban/ → /jivan/ "to give"
+==== Late Middle Gothic (after c. 1200) ====
+* Lowering of short /i/.
+** /i/ → /ɪ/
+* Loss of vowel length contrast.
+** Long and short vowels merged, with /ɪ/ remaining distinct from /i/.
+*** ''dīdan'' → ''didan'' “to do”
+*** ''mikils'' → /mɪt͡ʃəls/ “big”
+** /uː u/ → /u/
+*** ''būks'' → ''buks'' “book”
+* Loss of word-final high vowels.
+** Final /i u/ → ∅
+*** ''suni'' → ''sun'' "son"
+*** ''andu'' → ''and'' "hand"
+* General weakening of /g/ in all positions.
+** /g/ → /ɣ/ → /ɦ/
+*** ''dag'' → /daɦ/ “day”
+==== Modern Gothic (c. 1600 onwards) ====
+* Word-final obstruent devoicing.
+** /b d z v ɦ/ → [p t s f h] word-finally
+*** /daɦ/ → [dah] “day”
+* Secondary palatalization of dental consonants and affricates before front vowels.
+** /t d s z n r l t͡ʃ/ → [Cʲ] / _ {i, e}
+*** ''nі'' → [nʲi] “not”
 == Orthography ==
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 | з || z || /z/ ||
 |-
-| и || y || /ɪ/ ||
+| и || ĭ / ï || /ɪ/ || Often written ''i'' in non-scholarly Latin
 |-
-| и || ĭ / ï || /ɪ/ || Often written ''i'' in non-scholarly Latin
+| i || i || /i/ ||
 |-
 | ї || ji || /ji/ || Can also represent /jɪ/