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| [[Cascadian Turkic/Lexicon|Lexicon]] | | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''nủtufỉxi'', from ''nủtu'' 'Pategian' + ''fỉxi'' 'language') is a [[Pategic languages|Pategic]] language spoken by the [[Verse:Tricin/Pategia|Pategian]] people in [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]. |
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| '''Cascadian Turkic''' is a Turkic language spoken in [[User:IlL/Lõis]]'s Pacific Northwest.
| | It is inspired by Welsh, Hungarian, and classical IE languages (Latin, Greek and Avestan). Pategian is also analogous to Hungarian from a diachronic perspective: roots that are disyllabic in other Pategic languages are often monosyllabic in Pategian. |
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| <!--
| | ==Dialects== |
| | | Pategian has 4 main dialects: |
| This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
| | *Tảmhẻxra |
| | | *Fathrẩc |
| I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
| | *Kẻlet |
| II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
| | *Ảnfihẻzi |
| III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
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| ==Introduction== | |
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| ===Names===
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| [placeholder]
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| ==Phonology== | | ==Phonology== |
| | ===Consonants=== |
| | p t ts tc k b d dz dq g ph th s c kh h f x z q m n l r lh rh j |
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| All letters are pronounced as in Turkish, except:
| | /p t ts tʃ k b d dz dʒ g f θ s ʃ x h v ð z ʒ m n l r ɬ rʰ j/ |
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| * '''e''' is always /ɛ/ [e̞ ~ ɛ], never /æ/;
| | ===Vowels=== |
| * '''ı''' is typically [ə ~ ʌ̈];
| | a â e i o u y ả ẩ ẻ ỉ ỏ ủ ỷ |
| * '''r''' is /ɹ/ or /ɻ/;
| | /a ɑ e i o u ɨ a: ɑ: e: i: o: u: ɨ:/ |
| * '''ŕ''' is /r/;
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| * '''ȼ''' is /ɬ/;
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| * '''ŋ''' is /ŋ/; and
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| * '''ẓ''' is /ʒ/.
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| The letters '''w''' /w/ and '''y''' /y/ are used in foreign words. In addition, educated speakers often make a distinction between the native phonemes '''h''' /h/ and '''k''' /k/, and the phonemes '''ḥ''' /x/ and '''ḳ''' /q/ respectively, which can be found in Eskimo and Salish loans. However, the use of ejectives in Lushootseed loans that have them, e.g. /ts’əm/ for ''tsım (etmik)'' 'to pick berries' is considered pretentious.
| | ===Pitch accent=== |
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| ===Vowel harmony===
| | Old Pategian had a pitch accent in long vowels which could be rising (written ả) or falling (written ạ). The distinction is neutralized in Modern Pategian. |
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| The symbols X and O denote two underspecified vowels. X can be i, ı, u or ü, and O can be e, a, o or ö.
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| ===Phonotactics=== | | ===Phonotactics=== |
| <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
| | No initial clusters, geminates allowed |
| ===Morphophonology===
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| ==Morphology==
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| ===Nouns===
| | Stress follows the Dreimorengesetz. |
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| Cascadian Turkic has 6 cases:
| | ==Morphology== |
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| ! Case !! Nominative !! Genitive !! Accusative !! Locative !! Ablative !! Dative
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| |-
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| | Ending || || -(n)O || -(n)X || -dX/-tX || -dXn/-tXn || -kX, -ŋX after a vowel
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| |}
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| The plural is -lXŕ.
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| Unusually for a Turkic language, first and second person possessives are prefixes.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! Person !! Singular !! Plural
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| | 1 || be- || rim-
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| |-
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| | 2 || ȼe- || re-
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| |}
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| The third person possessive is a suffix: -(s)X. -sX may be abbreviated to -s.
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| ===Verbs=== | |
| * Simple present: -(X)ŕ-, negative -mXr-
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| * Present continuous: -bie-, negative -mXbie-
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| * Past: -dX/tX-, negative -mXdX-
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| * Evidential past: -mXs-, negative -mXmXs-
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| * Future: -(X)ẓXŋ-, negative -mXẓXŋ-
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| Here are the personal suffixes:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! Person !! Singular !! Plural
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| | 1 || -mXn || -mXr
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| |-
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| | 2 || -sXn || -sXr
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| |-
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| | 3 || -Ø/-dXŕ/-tXŕ || -Ø/-lXŕ
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| |}
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| These work somewhat differently in the present continuous tense:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! Person !! Singular !! Plural
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| | 1 || -biemin || -biemir
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| |-
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| | 2 || -biesin || -biesir
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| |-
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| | 3 || -bier || -bier/-bieliŕ
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| |}
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| In the future tense and in predicative sentences (where these suffixes are attached to nouns or adjectives), -sXn and -sXr become -ȼXn and -ȼXr respectively. The suffix -dXŕ/tXŕ may be used for third person predicatives.
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| The existential verb 'there is' is ''bıaŕ'', negative ''ẓuok''.
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| The root ''tut-'' can be used with the meaning 'to have'.
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| ==Syntax==
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| ===Constituent order===
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| ===Noun phrase===
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| ===Verb phrase===
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| ===Sentence phrase===
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| ===Dependent clauses===
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| <!-- etc. etc. -->
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| ==Example texts==
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| ==Some non-Turkic words==
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| ''Süötüptün'' = the Pacific Northwest, from Lushootseed "swátixʷtəd" (earth)
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| ''tsımetmik'' = to pick berries, from Lushootseed "c’əb"
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| ''tsımẓı'' = berry picker (-ẓı ~ Turkish -cı)
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| ''shıwın'' = blackberry, from Lushootseed "sx̌əgʷəd"
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| ==Other resources== | | ==Poetry== |
| <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
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| <!-- Template area -->
| | Most ancient Pategian poetry was written in flexible quantitative meters reminiscent of Vedic Sanskrit, but a few authors have experimented with the stricter quantitative meters. |
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| [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:Conlangs]] |
| [[Category:Conlangs]] | | [[Category:Pseudo-Uralic]][[Category:Languages]] |
| | [[Category:Pategic languages]] |