Verse:Mwail/Ryooteq: Difference between revisions
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''' | '''Ryooteq''' (''Ryooteq tahyéq'' [ljoːt̪eɪ̯t̪ːaɕéɪ̯ʔ]) is an indigenous language of Angai North America. It is mainly inspired aesthetically by Burmese and Japanese, and its grammar is meant to be "Navajo-lite" (agglutinative, strongly prefixing, strongly head-final, and head-marking, though not fully polysynthetic; noun incorporation is limited to certain formal styles). | ||
== Lexicon == | |||
* Nyu-Mɛ Khɛ{{acute}}q: inventor of Kite guitar-type guitars | |||
* su- = ''frozen derivation'' | |||
* wáá = person | |||
* khywen = house | |||
* weé = name | |||
* maa = tree | |||
* yań = water | |||
* rwɛ = to do, to make | |||
* mɔ́ = blood | |||
* zoo = to look | |||
* mé = to be (copula) | |||
** ''Upwe namé.'' 'I am a boy.' | |||
** ''Ryooteq nmé.'' 'He is a Ryooteq.' | |||
* ze = to eat | |||
* zé = to stack | |||
== | == Phonology == | ||
=== Initials === | |||
Ryooteq has a large number of initials; however, prefixes do not allow aspirated or voiced initials. | |||
* Historical velar stops: k kh g ŋ ky khy gy ŋy kw khw gw ŋw kyw khyw gyw ŋyw /k kʰ g ŋ tɕ tɕʰ dʑ ɲ kw kʰw ŋw tɕɥ tɕʰɥ dʑɥ ɲɥ/ | |||
* Historical alveolar stops: t th d n s sh z ny tw thw dw nw sw shw zw nyw /t tʰ d n s sʰ z ɲ tw tʰw dw nw sw sʰw zw ɲɥ/ | |||
* Historical labial stops: p ph b m py phy by my pw phw bw mw /p pʰ b m pj pʰj bj mj pw pʰw bw mw/ | |||
* y r w h ry hy rw hw ryw yw hyw /j r w h rj ɕ rw hw lɥ ɥ ɕɥ/ | |||
Usually, /r/ is realized much like Standard Japanese ''r''; it is [l] before /i j/. | |||
=== Rimes === | |||
* Monomoraic: i e ɛ a ɔ o u n /i e ɛ a ɔ o u ɯ̃/ | |||
* Bimoraic, but q cannot bear tone: iq eq ɛq aq ɔq oq uq /ɪʔ eɪ̯ʔ aɪ̯ʔ aʔ aʊ̯ʔ oʊ̯ʔ ʊʔ/ | |||
* Bimoraic, both morae tone-bearing: ii ee ɛɛ aa ɔɔ oo uu in en ɛn an ɔn on un /iː eː ɛː aː ɔː oː uː ɪɰ̃ eɪ̯ɰ̃ aɪ̯ɰ̃ aɰ̃ aʊ̯ɰ̃ oʊ̯ɰ̃ uɰ̃/ | |||
/ʔ/ is realized as gemination before obstruents; /ɯ̃ ɰ̃/ are realized as homorganic nasals before nasal and stop initials. | |||
=== Tone === | |||
High (acute) and low (unmarked) | |||
=== Phonotactics === | |||
Allowed syllables: n or initial + any non-n rime | |||
== Morphology == | |||
=== Nouns === | |||
Ryooteq nouns are often, though not always, monosyllabic, like ''mɔ́'' 'blood'. Here is an example of a noun inflected for possession: | |||
* ''namɔ́'' = my blood | |||
* ''himɔ́'' = thy blood | |||
* ''tamɔ́'' = his/her/their blood (proximate, like Navajo bi-) | |||
* ''wamɔ́'' = his/her/their blood (obviative‚ like Navajo yi-) | |||
* ''amɔ́'' = one's blood | |||
* ''kyamɔ́'' = our (exc.) blood | |||
* ''yemɔ́'' = our (inc.) blood | |||
* ''erimɔ́'' = your (pl.) blood | |||
Possession is indicated by using the appropriate possessive form after the possessor: ''Eqsiq tamɔ́'' (E. 3-blood) 'Eqsiq's blood'. | |||
=== Verbs === | |||
Ryooteq verb roots are always monosyllabic. | |||
== Syntax == | |||
=== Obviation === | |||
Like Navajo, Ryooteq shows various levels of animacy in its grammar, with certain nouns taking specific verb forms according to their rank in this animacy hierarchy. For instance, Ryooteq nouns can be ranked by animacy on a continuum from most animate (a human or lightning) to least animate (an abstraction): | |||
humans > infants/big animals > midsize animals > small animals > insects > natural forces > inanimate objects/plants > abstractions | |||
Generally, the most animate noun in a sentence must occur first while the noun with lesser animacy occurs second. If both nouns are equal in animacy, then either noun can occur in the first position. So, both example sentences (1) and (2) are correct. The ''n-'' prefix on the verb indicates that the 1st noun is the agent and ''i-'' indicates that the 2nd noun is the agent. | |||
: ''Upwe unɛń nzoo.'' (1) | |||
: boy girl OBV-look | |||
: 'The boy is looking at the girl.' | |||
: ''Upwe unɛń izoo.'' (2) | |||
: boy girl PROX-look | |||
: 'The boy is being looked at by the girl.' | |||
But example sentence (3) sounds wrong to most Ryooteq speakers because the less animate noun occurs before the more animate noun: | |||
: ''*Hipyii unɛń hyenkywáq.'' | |||
: bird girl PST-OBV-peck | |||
: 'The bird pecked the girl.' | |||
To express this idea requires that the more animate noun occur first, as in sentence (4): | |||
: ''Unɛń hipyii hyeekywáq.'' | |||
: girl bird PST-PROX-peck | |||
: 'The girl was pecked by the bird.' | |||
== Vocabulary == | |||
Purist | |||
Latest revision as of 00:36, 24 June 2025
Ryooteq (Ryooteq tahyéq [ljoːt̪eɪ̯t̪ːaɕéɪ̯ʔ]) is an indigenous language of Angai North America. It is mainly inspired aesthetically by Burmese and Japanese, and its grammar is meant to be "Navajo-lite" (agglutinative, strongly prefixing, strongly head-final, and head-marking, though not fully polysynthetic; noun incorporation is limited to certain formal styles).
Lexicon
- Nyu-Mɛ Khɛ́q: inventor of Kite guitar-type guitars
- su- = frozen derivation
- wáá = person
- khywen = house
- weé = name
- maa = tree
- yań = water
- rwɛ = to do, to make
- mɔ́ = blood
- zoo = to look
- mé = to be (copula)
- Upwe namé. 'I am a boy.'
- Ryooteq nmé. 'He is a Ryooteq.'
- ze = to eat
- zé = to stack
Phonology
Initials
Ryooteq has a large number of initials; however, prefixes do not allow aspirated or voiced initials.
- Historical velar stops: k kh g ŋ ky khy gy ŋy kw khw gw ŋw kyw khyw gyw ŋyw /k kʰ g ŋ tɕ tɕʰ dʑ ɲ kw kʰw ŋw tɕɥ tɕʰɥ dʑɥ ɲɥ/
- Historical alveolar stops: t th d n s sh z ny tw thw dw nw sw shw zw nyw /t tʰ d n s sʰ z ɲ tw tʰw dw nw sw sʰw zw ɲɥ/
- Historical labial stops: p ph b m py phy by my pw phw bw mw /p pʰ b m pj pʰj bj mj pw pʰw bw mw/
- y r w h ry hy rw hw ryw yw hyw /j r w h rj ɕ rw hw lɥ ɥ ɕɥ/
Usually, /r/ is realized much like Standard Japanese r; it is [l] before /i j/.
Rimes
- Monomoraic: i e ɛ a ɔ o u n /i e ɛ a ɔ o u ɯ̃/
- Bimoraic, but q cannot bear tone: iq eq ɛq aq ɔq oq uq /ɪʔ eɪ̯ʔ aɪ̯ʔ aʔ aʊ̯ʔ oʊ̯ʔ ʊʔ/
- Bimoraic, both morae tone-bearing: ii ee ɛɛ aa ɔɔ oo uu in en ɛn an ɔn on un /iː eː ɛː aː ɔː oː uː ɪɰ̃ eɪ̯ɰ̃ aɪ̯ɰ̃ aɰ̃ aʊ̯ɰ̃ oʊ̯ɰ̃ uɰ̃/
/ʔ/ is realized as gemination before obstruents; /ɯ̃ ɰ̃/ are realized as homorganic nasals before nasal and stop initials.
Tone
High (acute) and low (unmarked)
Phonotactics
Allowed syllables: n or initial + any non-n rime
Morphology
Nouns
Ryooteq nouns are often, though not always, monosyllabic, like mɔ́ 'blood'. Here is an example of a noun inflected for possession:
- namɔ́ = my blood
- himɔ́ = thy blood
- tamɔ́ = his/her/their blood (proximate, like Navajo bi-)
- wamɔ́ = his/her/their blood (obviative‚ like Navajo yi-)
- amɔ́ = one's blood
- kyamɔ́ = our (exc.) blood
- yemɔ́ = our (inc.) blood
- erimɔ́ = your (pl.) blood
Possession is indicated by using the appropriate possessive form after the possessor: Eqsiq tamɔ́ (E. 3-blood) 'Eqsiq's blood'.
Verbs
Ryooteq verb roots are always monosyllabic.
Syntax
Obviation
Like Navajo, Ryooteq shows various levels of animacy in its grammar, with certain nouns taking specific verb forms according to their rank in this animacy hierarchy. For instance, Ryooteq nouns can be ranked by animacy on a continuum from most animate (a human or lightning) to least animate (an abstraction):
humans > infants/big animals > midsize animals > small animals > insects > natural forces > inanimate objects/plants > abstractions
Generally, the most animate noun in a sentence must occur first while the noun with lesser animacy occurs second. If both nouns are equal in animacy, then either noun can occur in the first position. So, both example sentences (1) and (2) are correct. The n- prefix on the verb indicates that the 1st noun is the agent and i- indicates that the 2nd noun is the agent.
- Upwe unɛń nzoo. (1)
- boy girl OBV-look
- 'The boy is looking at the girl.'
- Upwe unɛń izoo. (2)
- boy girl PROX-look
- 'The boy is being looked at by the girl.'
But example sentence (3) sounds wrong to most Ryooteq speakers because the less animate noun occurs before the more animate noun:
- *Hipyii unɛń hyenkywáq.
- bird girl PST-OBV-peck
- 'The bird pecked the girl.'
To express this idea requires that the more animate noun occur first, as in sentence (4):
- Unɛń hipyii hyeekywáq.
- girl bird PST-PROX-peck
- 'The girl was pecked by the bird.'
Vocabulary
Purist