Gothevian: Difference between revisions

(17 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

Line 1:

[[Category: Indo-European_languages]][[Category: Germanic languages]][[Category: East Germanic languages]][[Category: Languages]][[Category: Conlangs]][[Category: A_posteriori]][[Category:Gothevian]]

{{Infobox language

|image = Gothevian Flag.png

Line 16:

|fam4 = [[w:Gothic language|Gothic]]

|creator = User:Vrianne

|stand1 = Standard Central Gothevian

|dia1 = Central dialects

|dia2 = Eastern dialects

|dia3 = Southern Dialects

|dia4 = Northern dialects

|dia5 = Western Dialects

|dia6 = Pyre Dialects

|script1 = Gthv

|nation = Gothevia

Line 138:

Line 145:

* /r/ may be pronounced as either a trill [r] or a tap [ɾ]. The trilled pronunciation is commonplace when it is followed by a glide, such as in ⟨[[Contionary:róždy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|róždy}}]]⟩ [ˈ'''r'''wɤ̞ʒdə ~ ˈ'''r'''ʷɤ̞ʒdə].

* In eastern dialects, /l/ is velarized [ɫ].

* Consonant-Glide clusters /Cj, Cw/ may coalesce into ~~an allophonically~~ palatalized/labialized consonant /Cʲ, Cʷ/.

* Consonant-Glide clusters /Cj, Cw/ may coalesce into a palatalized/labialized consonant /Cʲ, Cʷ/.

* [w] is an allophone of /v/ when directly preceded or followed by a consonant. Compare ⟨[[Contionary:oš|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|oš}}]]⟩ ['''v'''o̞ʃ] and ⟨[[Contionary:šoš|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šoš}}]]⟩ [ʃ'''w'''ɤ̞ʃ ~ ʃ'''ʷ'''ɤ̞ʃ].

Line 157:

Line 164:

====From Pre-Gothevian to Old Gothevian====

* /t, d/, /k, ɡ/ palatalize to /c/, /ɟ/ respectively before /i(ː)/, /eː/. /kʷ/, /ɡ(ː)ʷ/ are unaffected.

* /t, d/, /k, ɡ/ palatalize to /c/, /ɟ/ respectively before /i(ː)/, /eː/, /j/. /kʷ/, /ɡ(ː)ʷ/ are unaffected.

*: P-G ''tɛíhan'' /ˈtiː.han/ → OG ''cɛíhan'' /ˈciː.han/ ("to show")

*: P-G ''gílþa'' /ˈɡil.θa/ → early OG ''đílþa'' /ˈɟil.θa/ ("sickle")

Line 196:

Line 203:

*: OG ''smýrna'' /ˈsmyr.na/ → MG ''šmýrna, šmýrny'' /ˈʃmɨr.nə/ ("myrrh")

* Vowels preceding a nasal consonant coalesce into a long nasalized vowel if followed by a fricative or a liquid. These nasalized vowels lose their nasalization shortly after. /ẽː/, /ø̃ː/, /õː/ develop into /aː/ during this process.

*: OG ''swinþ'' /swinθ/ → early MG ''~~šwinþ~~, *~~šwɛiþ~~'' /~~ʃwiːθ~~/ ("strong")

*: OG ''swinþ'' /swinθ/ → early MG ''šwins, *šwɛis'' /ʃwiːs/ ("strong")

*: late OG ''ξanθ'' /skanθ ~ ksanθ/ → early MG ''ξanθ, ξanþ'' /ʃkaːs/ ("blond")

* /iː, eː/, /yː, øː/, /uː, oː/ develop into /je̞/, /we̞/, /wo̞/ respectively.

Line 216:

Line 223:

*: MG ''twai'' /twja/ → late MG ''twai, cai, cwai'' /ca/ ("two")

*: MG ''wínsišk, wɛísišk'' /wje.siʃk/ → late MG ''wínsišk, wɛísišk'' /je.siʃk/ ("Macedonian Slav")

====From Middle Gothevian to Modern Gothevian====

* /h/ is completely lost.

Line 230:

Line 238:

==Orthography==

Gothevian is written primarily in the '''Gothevian script'''. It is an [[w:alphabet|alphabet]] and at its core a variant of the Wulfilan [[w:Gothic alphabet|Gothic alphabet]], augmented by letters borrowed from the nearby [[w:Greek alphabet|Greek]] and [[w:Early Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]] scripts. The modern Gothevian spelling convention is based on the reformed Central Gothevian literary norms, and as such the Modern Gothevian Script contains some archaic features, such as the vowel-modifying consonants ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|q, ƕ}}⟩ (q, ƕ), and ditched others, such as the obsolete letters ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|θ, ξ, ψ}}⟩ ([[w:theta|θ]], [[w:xi|ξ]], [[w:psi|ψ]]).

The modern Gothevian script contains 31 letters in common use. Most letters are mapped to a single phoneme, with a few others mapped onto more than one phoneme but in regular and predictable contexts.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

Line 436:

Line 447:

|}

</div>

===Digraphs and ~~Trigraphs~~===

# Qɛ́rsy and ƕaíry are pronounced identically to kápy and hály respectively but alter the pronunciation of the following vowel ([[#Digraphs_and_Trigraphs|see below]]).

# Đɛ́ty and cɛ́ty are pronounced as /ʒ/ and /ʃ/ in unstressed and/or coda positions.

Apart from zéty ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|z}}⟩, éty ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|e}}), đɛ́ty ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|đ}}⟩, ɔ́my ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɔ}}⟩, and cɛ́ty ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|c}}⟩, all Gothevian letters can be directly traced to a Gothic-script source. The source of đɛ́ty and cɛ́ty specifically is a point of contention, as no unambigious source has been identified. The many theories include the following:

# Current mainstream theories argue for a [[w:Coptic_script|Coptic]] source for cɛ́ty, citing [[wikt:ϭ#Coptic|čima]] ⟨ϭ⟩ as the most likely candidate, followed by [[wikt:ϯ#Coptic|ti]] ⟨ϯ⟩. A Coptic source for đɛ́ty is more dubious, with the likeliest candidate, [[wikt:ϫ#Coptic|janjia]] ⟨ϫ⟩, bearing less of a resemblance than the candidates for cɛ́ty.

# Likewise, đɛ́ty is near-unanimously believed to be derived from a Cyrillic source, with most mainstream theories putting forward [[w:Tse (Cyrillic)|tse]] ⟨ц⟩ or [[w:Che (Cyrillic)|che]] ⟨ч⟩ as probable sources. Less supported theories instead propose [[w:Djerv|djerv]] ⟨ꙉ⟩ due to its alphabetical order being nearer to that of đɛ́ty. Djerv has also been proposed as a source for cɛ́ty as a more fringe position, alongside an adaptation of a [[wikt:yer|yer]] ⟨ь~ъ⟩.

# A popular yet unsupported theory proposes [[w:Gothic alphabet|Gothic]] [[wikt:𐍁|𐍁]] (90) based wholly on its similar form. This comes with a host of unexplained inconsistencies, such as its sudden shift in alphabetical and numeric order, and its missing usage as a numeral. Others point to [[wikt:𐍊|𐍊]] (900) as another Gothic source, but those are even less supported and outright rejected.

# Cɛ́ty is also sometimes argued to be a simplification of a ligature, such as ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|tj}}⟩ (tj), though this is not backed by historic manuscripts.

# An Armenian source can also be argued for, with letters such as [[w:Tsa (Armenian letter)|tsa]] ⟨ծ⟩ and [[w:Che (Armenian letter)|che]] ⟨ճ⟩ being put forward for cɛ́ty, and [[w:Cha (Armenian letter)|cha]] ⟨չ⟩ and [[w:Je (Armenian letter)|je]] ⟨ջ⟩ for đɛ́ty.

===Digraphs and letter combinations===

Additionally, Gothevian contains several letter combinations that have phonetic values different from those of their single components. These include vocalic digraphs from historic long vowels and consonants that modify certain vowels.

Vocalic diphthongs take the form ⟨'''{{abbtip|vowel - glide/approximant|VG}}'''⟩ and phonetically represent /'''{{abbtip|glide/approximant - vowel|GV}}'''/ sequences. Most of these formerly represented long vowels /Vː/ which had later broken up into their current forms.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|-

Line 442:

Line 464:

! Translit.

! IPA

! IPA (hist.)

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}

| ai

| /ja/

| /ɛː/

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}}

| aw

| /va~wa/

| /ɔː/

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɛi}}

| ɛi

| /je/

| /iː/

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iw}}

| iw

| /vɨ~wɨ/

| /iu̯/

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ow}}

| ow

| ''deprecated''

| /uː/

|}

The letters qɛ́rsy ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|q}}⟩ and ƕaíry ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕ}}⟩ can also alter the pronunciation of certain vowels when directly preceding them. Qɛ́rsy and ƕaíry formerly represented labialized consonants /kʷ, ʍ/ and as such triggered the rounding of unrounded vowels, causing them to diverge from their unaffected counterparts.

Line 466:

Line 500:

! Translit.

! IPA

! IPA (hist.)

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qa}}

| qa

| /kwa/

| /k(ʷ)ɔː/

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qai}}

| qai

| /kwɨ/

| /k(ʷ)œː/

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qɛ}}

| qɛ

| /kɨ/

| /k(ʷ)œ/

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qɛi}}

| qɛi

| rowspan="2" | /kwe/

| /k(ʷ)yː/

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qe}}

| qe

| /k(ʷ)øː/

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qi}}

| qi

| /~~kwɨ~~/

| /kɨ/

| /k(ʷ)y/

|}

</div>

Line 497:

Line 538:

! Translit.

! IPA

! IPA (hist.)

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕa}}

| ƕa

| /va~wa/

| /h(ʷ)ɔː/

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕai}}

| ƕai

| /vɨ~wɨ/

| /h(ʷ)œː/

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕɛ}}

| ƕɛ

| /ɨ/

| /h(ʷ)œ/

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕɛi}}

| ƕɛi

| rowspan="2" | /ve~we/

| /h(ʷ)yː/

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕe}}

| ƕe

| /h(ʷ)øː/

|-

! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕi}}

| ƕi

| /~~vɨ~wɨ~~/

| /ɨ/

| /h(ʷ)y/

|}

</div>

Line 554:

Line 602:

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|pš}} (pš), {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šp}} (šp), {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ps}} (ps)

|}

===History===

By the time of the first standardization of the Gothevian script based on the [[w:Stobi|Štoven]] Dialect, influence from literary Greek had taken its course on vowel glyphs. {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɛ}} would be remapped onto short ''e'', with ''ē'' becoming represented by {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|e}} taken from Greek [[w:eta|eta]] (η). A similar system came about for the mid-back vowels, using native {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|o}} for ''ō'', due to the perceived similarity of its written form to Greek [[w:omega|omega]] (ω), and Hellenic {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɔ}} for ''o''. Other long vowels would become disambiguated using the digraphs {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɛi, ow, ai, aw,}} and rarely {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aa}} for ''ī, ū, ɛ̄, ɔ̄,'' and ''ā'' respectively. A monotonic system would also be adopted, with vowels in stressed syllables gaining an [[w:Acute accent|acute]] (◌́) and vowels in [[w:Vowel hiatus|hiatus]] gaining a [[w:Diaeresis (diacritic)|diaeresis]] (◌̈). {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|θ, ξ, ψ}} (th, ks, ps) would also begin their usage during this period.

...

==Grammar==

Line 1,007:

Line 1,060:

===Verbs===

Gothevian lost many of the complex verbal conjugations it inherited from [[w:Gothic verbs|Gothic]], such as [[w:Dual (grammatical number)|dual]] forms, the old passive conjugation, and [[w:Germanic strong verb|strong verb classes]]. Nevertheless, Gothevian verb conjugation is the most complex out of any surviving Germanic language, due to the acquisition of an [[w:aorist|aorist]], a new synthetic passive, and other analytic moods such as the [[w:Inferential mood|inferential]] and [[w:Conditional mood|conditional]] moods.

====Irregular stems====

Irregular verbs in Gothevian are verbs whose stems either slightly alter or completely change across the paradigm. These changes mostly occur across tense-aspect-mood forms, but two verbs (''to have, to be'') also alter their stems depending on person.

While most strong verbs would regularize by applying one form throughout the whole paradigm, some common verbs would retain reduced stem vowel alternation in their "past" (''imperfect and aorist'') conjugations. These verbs include {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ícyn}} (ícyn, "to eat") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|éc-}}, éc-), {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qízyn}} (qízyn, "to talk") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qòz-}}, qɔ́z-), {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qímyn}} (qímyn, "to come") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qòm-}}, qɔ́m-), and {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ályn}} (ályn, "to grow") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ól-}}, ól-).

Another source of irregular verbs are Gothic [[w:Gothic_verbs#Irregular_weak_verbs|weak irregular verbs]] that have also resisted full regularization. Instead, these verbs underwent partial regularization, by reforming the present stems with the consonantism of the past stem (which mostly would have followed a ''CV̄̆ht-'' pattern) and the vocalism of the present stem, thus in a way appearing to mimic the previous class of irregular verbs. These verbs include {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|sútyn}} (sútyn, "to seem") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|sót-}}, sót-), {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|bútyn}} (bútyn, "to buy") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|báwt-}}, báwt-), and {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vòtyn}} (vɔ́tyn, "to make") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vát-}}, vát-), alongside the verb {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|drítyn}} (drítyn, "to drink") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|drɛít-}}, drɛít-).

The last category of irregular verbs, specifically the two verbs {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} (ain, "to have") and {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn}} (víšyn, "to be") use multiple different stems throughout their paradigm ({{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aí-, á-, aíc-}}; {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|v-, š-, ší-}}).

====Synthetic forms====

Approximately one third of verbal conjugations in Gothevian are synthetic, meaning they indicate grammatical information via [[w:Bound and free morphemes|bound affixation]] rather than by [[w:Bound and free morphemes|unbound morphemes]]. With the exception of participles and the aorist, synthetic forms all represent direct evolutions from old Gothic conjugations.

=====Participles=====

Gothevian verbs have five participles based on aspect and voice, declining for 2 gender categories (''masculine-neuter, feminine'').

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="text-align:left;"

! rowspan="2" |

! colspan="5" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | [[Contionary:šócyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šócyn}}]] ''(šócyn, "to see")''

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

! present active participle

! present passive participle

! imperfect active participle

! imperfect passive participle

! aorist participle

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | masculine (+ neuter)

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yn}} ''šócyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynyn}} ''šócynyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''šócis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|inɔs}} ''šócinɔs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivyn}} ''šócivyn''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | feminine

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ny}} ''šócny''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyny}} ''šócnyny''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''šócizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|inɔzy}} ''šócinɔzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivny}} ''šócivny''

|}

=====Present=====

The present tense is used for:

* Events happening in the present,

* Current states of being,

* Facts that are always true.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

|+ Present Indicative

! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|ACT}} {{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|PASS}}'''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''

! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gaf}} ''gaf''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yn}} ''gávyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}} ''ɛ́ö''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} ''ɛ́ön''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}} ''ai''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|av}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} ''avn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|im}} ''im''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ši}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} ''šin''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɛiš}} ''gávɛiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yniš}} ''gávyniš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|êiš}} ''ɛ́öɛ̈iš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}} ''ɛ́öniš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} ''aiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}} ''avniš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iš}} ''iš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}} ''šiniš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɛis}} ''gávɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynis}} ''gávynis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|êis}} ''ɛ́öɛ̈is''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}} ''ɛ́önis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}} ''ais''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}} ''avnis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|i}} ''i''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}} ''šinis''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ym}} ''gávym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynym}} ''gávynym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}} ''ɛ́öm''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}} ''ɛ́önym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}} ''aim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}} ''avnym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šam}} ''šam''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}} ''šinym''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yš}} ''gávyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynyš}} ''gávynyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} ''ɛ́öš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}} ''ɛ́önyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} ''ajš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}} ''avnyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šu}} ''šu''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}} ''šinyš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yn}} ''gávyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynyn}} ''gávynyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} ''ɛ́ön''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}} ''ɛ́önyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} ''ain''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}} ''avnyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šan}} ''šan''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}} ''šinyn''

|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

|+ Present Subjunctive

! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|ACT}} {{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|PASS}}'''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''

! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}} ''gávaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynaw}} ''gávynaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äw}} ''ɛ́öäw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}} ''ɛ́önaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}} ''aícaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}} ''ávnaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}} ''šaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}} ''šínaw''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}} ''gávaiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynaiš}} ''gávynaiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äiš}} ''ɛ́öäiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}} ''ɛ́önaiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}} ''aícaiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}} ''ávnaiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}} ''šaiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}} ''šínaiš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}} ''gávais''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynais}} ''gávynais''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äis}} ''ɛ́öäis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}} ''ɛ́önais''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}} ''aícais''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}} ''ávnais''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}} ''šais''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}} ''šínais''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}} ''gávaim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynaim}} ''gávynaim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äim}} ''ɛ́öäim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}} ''ɛ́önaim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}} ''aícaim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}} ''ávnaim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}} ''šaim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}} ''šínaim''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}} ''gávawš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynawš}} ''gávynawš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äwš}} ''ɛ́öäwš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}} ''ɛ́önawš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}} ''aícawš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}} ''ávnawš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}} ''šawš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}} ''šínawš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} ''gávain''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynain}} ''gávynain''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äin}} ''ɛ́öäin''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}} ''ɛ́önain''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} ''aícain''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}} ''ávnain''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} ''šain''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}} ''šínain''

|}

=====Imperfect=====

The [[w:Imperfect|Imperfect]] fuses the [[w:Past tense|past tense]] (and marginally the present tense) with [[w:Imperfective aspect|imperfective aspect]] and is used for:

* Ongoing events that happened in the past,

* States of being in the past that still have some sort of effect in the present,

* Events or states of being that started in the past and are still ongoing in the present, if context is clear.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

|+ Imperfect Indicative

! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|ACT}} {{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|PASS}}'''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''

! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ija}} ''gávija''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔva}} ''gávynɔva''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïja}} ''ɛ́öïja''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔva}} ''ɛ́önɔva''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ja}} ''ája''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔva}} ''avnɔva''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vam}} ''vam''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ja}} ''šija''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ijɛš}} ''gávijɛš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvɛš}} ''gávynɔvɛš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïjɛš}} ''ɛ́öïjɛš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛš}} ''ɛ́önɔvɛš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jɛš}} ''ájɛš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛš}} ''avnɔvɛš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vam}} ''vaš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jɛš}} ''šijɛš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ijus}} ''gávijus''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvus}} ''gávynɔvus''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïjus}} ''ɛ́öïjus''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvus}} ''ɛ́önɔvus''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jus}} ''ájus''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvus}} ''avnɔvus''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vam}} ''vas''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jus}} ''šijus''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ijym}} ''gávijym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvym}} ''gávynɔvym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïjym}} ''ɛ́öïjym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvym}} ''ɛ́önɔvym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jym}} ''ájym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvym}} ''avnɔvym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vam}} ''éšym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jym}} ''šijym''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ijyš}} ''gávijyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvyš}} ''gávynɔvyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïjyš}} ''ɛ́öïjyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvyš}} ''ɛ́önɔvyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jyš}} ''ájyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvyš}} ''avnɔvyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vam}} ''éšyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jyš}} ''šijyš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ijyn}} ''gávijyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvyn}} ''gávynɔvyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïjyn}} ''ɛ́öïjyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvyn}} ''ɛ́önɔvyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jyn}} ''ájyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvyn}} ''avnɔvyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vam}} ''éšyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jyn}} ''šijyn''

|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

|+ Imperfect Subjunctive

! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|ACT}} {{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|PASS}}'''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''

! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ija}} ''gávija''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvaw}} ''gávynɔvaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïja}} ''ɛ́öïja''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvaw}} ''ɛ́önɔvaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ija}} ''aícija''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvaw}} ''avnɔvaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|íja}} ''šíja''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvaw}} ''šinɔvaw''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêiš}} ''gáviɛ̈iš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvɛiš}} ''gávynɔvɛiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïêiš}} ''ɛ́öïɛ̈iš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛiš}} ''ɛ́önɔvɛiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêiš}} ''aíciɛ̈iš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛiš}} ''avnɔvɛiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|íêiš}} ''šíɛ̈iš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛiš}} ''šinɔvɛiš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêis}} ''gáviɛ̈is''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvis}} ''gávynɔvis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïêis}} ''ɛ́öïɛ̈is''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvis}} ''ɛ́önɔvis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêis}} ''aíciɛ̈is''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvis}} ''avnɔvis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|íêis}} ''šíɛ̈is''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvis}} ''šinɔvis''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêim}} ''gáviɛ̈im''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvɛim}} ''gávynɔvɛim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïêim}} ''ɛ́öïɛ̈im''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛim}} ''ɛ́önɔvɛim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêim}} ''aíciɛ̈im''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛim}} ''avnɔvɛim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|íêim}} ''šíɛ̈im''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛim}} ''šinɔvɛim''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iöš}} ''gáviöš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvoš}} ''gávynɔvoš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïöš}} ''ɛ́öïöš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvoš}} ''ɛ́önɔvoš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iöš}} ''aíciöš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvoš}} ''avnɔvoš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|íöš}} ''šíöš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvoš}} ''šinɔvoš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêin}} ''gáviɛ̈in''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvɛin}} ''gávynɔvɛin''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïêin}} ''ɛ́öïɛ̈in''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛin}} ''ɛ́önɔvɛin''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêin}} ''aíciɛ̈in''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛin}} ''avnɔvɛin''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|íêin}} ''šíɛ̈in''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛin}} ''šinɔvɛin''

|}

=====Aorist=====

The [[w:Aorist|Aorist]] differs from the imperfect in that is expresses the [[w:perfective aspect|perfective aspect]]. It is used for:

* Event that began and ended in the past, viewed as a single whole rather than a process,

* States of being in the past that do not have any effect in the present,

* Events or states of being that are fully contained within a certain timeframe, such as when storytelling.

The Gothevian aorist has no passive forms. Instead, imperfect or perfect passives may be used.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

|+ Aorist Indicative

! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|ACT}} {{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|PASS}}'''

! [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''

! [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''

! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |

! [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''

! [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iva}} ''gáviva''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïva}} ''ɛ́öïva''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|va}} ''áva''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|íva}} ''šíva''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛš}} ''gávivɛš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvɛš}} ''ɛ́öïvɛš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛš}} ''ávɛš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívɛš}} ''šívɛš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivus}} ''gávivus''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvus}} ''ɛ́öïvus''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vus}} ''ávus''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívus}} ''šívus''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivym}} ''gávivym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvym}} ''ɛ́öïvym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vym}} ''ávym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívym}} ''šívym''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivyš}} ''gávivyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvyš}} ''ɛ́öïvyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vyš}} ''ávyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívyš}} ''šívyš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivyn}} ''gávivyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvyn}} ''ɛ́öïvyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vyn}} ''ávyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívyn}} ''šívyn''

|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

|+ Aorist Subjunctive

! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|ACT}} {{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|PASS}}'''

! [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''

! [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''

! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |

! [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''

! [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivaw}} ''gávivaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvaw}} ''ɛ́öïvaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivaw}} ''aícivaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívaw}} ''šívaw''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛiš}} ''gávivɛiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvɛiš}} ''ɛ́öïvɛiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛiš}} ''aícivɛiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívɛiš}} ''šívɛiš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛis}} ''gávivɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvɛis}} ''ɛ́öïvɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛis}} ''aícivɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívɛis}} ''šívɛis''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛim}} ''gávivɛim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvɛim}} ''ɛ́öïvɛim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛim}} ''aícivɛim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívɛim}} ''šívɛim''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivoš}} ''gávivoš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvoš}} ''ɛ́öïvoš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivoš}} ''aícivoš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívoš}} ''šívoš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛin}} ''gávivɛin''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvɛin}} ''ɛ́öïvɛin''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛin}} ''aícivɛin''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívɛin}} ''šívɛin''

|}

====Analytic forms====

The other two thirds of verbal conjugations in Gothevian are analytic, meaning they are contructed via [[w:Bound and free morphemes|unbound particles]] accompanying the main verb.

=====Future=====

The future tense is used for events or states of being occurring in the future. It is formed by adding the particle [[Contionary:šta|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}]] (šta) directly before the simple present form of a verb.

In less formal speech or writing, {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} may contract to {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|št'}} (št'). This is especially prevalent if the main verb begins with a vowel ({{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta èö}} → {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|št'èö}}).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

|+ Future Indicative

! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|ACT}} {{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|PASS}}'''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''

! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gaf}} ''šta gaf''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yn}} ''šta gávyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}} ''šta ɛ́ö''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} ''šta ɛ́ön''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}} ''šta ai''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|av}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} ''šta avn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|im}} ''šta im''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ši}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} ''šta šin''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɛiš}} ''šta gávɛiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yniš}} ''šta gávyniš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|êiš}} ''šta ɛ́öɛ̈iš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}} ''šta ɛ́öniš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} ''šta aiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}} ''šta avniš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iš}} ''šta iš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}} ''šta šiniš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɛis}} ''šta gávɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynis}} ''šta gávynis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|êis}} ''šta ɛ́öɛ̈is''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}} ''šta ɛ́önis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}} ''šta ais''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}} ''šta avnis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|i}} ''šta i''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}} ''šta šinis''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ym}} ''šta gávym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynym}} ''šta gávynym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}} ''šta ɛ́öm''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}} ''šta ɛ́önym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}} ''šta aim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}} ''šta avnym''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šam}} ''šta šam''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}} ''šta šinym''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yš}} ''šta gávyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynyš}} ''šta gávynyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} ''šta ɛ́öš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}} ''šta ɛ́önyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} ''šta ajš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}} ''šta avnyš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šu}} ''šta šu''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}} ''šta šinyš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yn}} ''šta gávyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynyn}} ''šta gávynyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} ''šta ɛ́ön''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}} ''šta ɛ́önyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} ''šta ain''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}} ''šta avnyn''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šan}} ''šta šan''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}} ''šta šinyn''

|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

|+ Future Subjunctive

! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|ACT}} {{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|PASS}}'''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''

! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}} ''šta gávaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynaw}} ''šta gávynaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äw}} ''šta ɛ́öäw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}} ''šta ɛ́önaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}} ''šta aícaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}} ''šta ávnaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}} ''šta šaw''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}} ''šta šínaw''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}} ''šta gávaiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynaiš}} ''šta gávynaiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äiš}} ''šta ɛ́öäiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}} ''šta ɛ́önaiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}} ''šta aícaiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}} ''šta ávnaiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}} ''šta šaiš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}} ''šta šínaiš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}} ''šta gávais''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynais}} ''šta gávynais''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äis}} ''šta ɛ́öäis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}} ''šta ɛ́önais''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}} ''šta aícais''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}} ''šta ávnais''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}} ''šta šais''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}} ''šta šínais''

|-

! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}} ''šta gávaim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynaim}} ''šta gávynaim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äim}} ''šta ɛ́öäim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}} ''šta ɛ́önaim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}} ''šta aícaim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}} ''šta ávnaim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}} ''šta šaim''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}} ''šta šínaim''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}} ''šta gávawš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynawš}} ''šta gávynawš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äwš}} ''šta ɛ́öäwš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}} ''šta ɛ́önawš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}} ''šta aícawš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}} ''šta ávnawš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}} ''šta šawš''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}} ''šta šínawš''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} ''šta gávain''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynain}} ''šta gávynain''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äin}} ''šta ɛ́öäin''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}} ''šta ɛ́önain''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} ''šta aícain''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}} ''šta ávnain''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} ''šta šain''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}} ''šta šínain''

|}

=====Present Perfect=====

The present perfect tense is used for events or states of being occurring wholly in the past, viewed as a single whole, with a lasting effect on the present state. It also refers to a past event that happened fully before another event in the present. It is formed by using the simple present tense of [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}]] (ain, "to have") alongside the imperfect active participle of the main verb. Both active and passive constructions use the imperfect active participle, with the voice distinction being codified into the auxiliary's conjugation.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

|+ Present Perfect Indicative

! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|ACT}} {{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|PASS}}'''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''

! rowspan="12" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''

|-

! rowspan="5" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''ai gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|av}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''avn gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''ai ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|av}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''avn ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ai ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|av}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''avn ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ai vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|av}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''avn vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person masculine/neuter

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''aiš gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''ávniš gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''aiš ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''ávniš ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aiš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávniš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aiš vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávniš vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person feminine

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''aiš gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''ávniš gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''aiš ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''ávniš ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aiš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávniš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aiš vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávniš vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person masculine/neuter

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''ais gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''ávnis gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''ais ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''ávnis ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ais ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnis ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ais vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnis vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person feminine

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''ais gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''ávnis gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''ais ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''ávnis ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ais ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnis ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ais vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnis vɛis''

|-

! rowspan="5" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''aim gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''ávnym gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''aim ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''ávnym ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aim ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnym ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aim vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnym vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person masculine/neuter

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''aiš gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''ávnyš gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''aiš ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''ávnyš ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aiš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnyš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aiš vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnyš vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person feminine

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''aiš gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''ávnyš gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''aiš ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''ávnyš ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aiš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnyš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aiš vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnyš vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person masculine/neuter

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''ain gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''ávnyn gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''ain ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''ávnyn ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ain ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnyn ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ain vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnyn vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person feminine

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''ain gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''ávnyn gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''ain ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''ávnyn ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ain ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnyn ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ain vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnyn vɛis''

|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

|+ Present Perfect Subjunctive

! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|ACT}} {{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|PASS}}'''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''

! rowspan="12" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''

! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''

|-

! rowspan="5" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''aícaw gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''ávnaw gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''aícaw ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''ávnaw ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aícaw ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnaw ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aícaw vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnaw vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person masculine/neuter

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''aícaiš gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''ávnaiš gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''aícaiš ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''ávnaiš ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aícaiš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnaiš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aícaiš vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnaiš vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person feminine

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''aícaiš gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''ávnaiš gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''aícaiš ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''ávnaiš ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aícaiš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnaiš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aícaiš vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnaiš vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person masculine/neuter

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''aícais gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''ávnais gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''aícais ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''ávnais ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aícais ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnais ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aícais vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnais vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person feminine

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''aícais gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''ávnais gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''aícais ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''ávnais ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aícais ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnais ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aícais vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnais vɛis''

|-

! rowspan="5" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''aícaim gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''ávnaim gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''aícaim ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''ávnaim ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aícaim ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnaim ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aícaim vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnaim vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person masculine/neuter

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''aícawš gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''ávnawš gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''aícawš ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''ávnawš ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aícawš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnawš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aícawš vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnawš vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person feminine

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''aícawš gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''ávnawš gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''aícawš ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''ávnawš ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aícawš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnawš ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aícawš vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnawš vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person masculine/neuter

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''aícain gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}} ''ávnain gávis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''aícain ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}} ''ávnain ɛ́öïs''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aícain ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnain ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aícain vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnain vɛis''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person feminine

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''aícain gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}} ''ávnain gávizy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''aícain ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}} ''ávnain ɛ́öïzy''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''aícain ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}} ''ávnain ait''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''aícain vɛis''

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}} ''ávnain vɛis''

|}

=====Past Perfect=====

=====Future Perfect=====

====Inferential====

==Vocabulary==

===Phrasebook===

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

! colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Greetings

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

! Gothevian

! English

! Usage notes

|-

| [[Contionary:vɛl qòmivyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛl qòmivyn/qòmivny}}]] (vɛl qɔ́mivyn/qɔ́mivny)

| welcome

| style="font-style:italic;" | must agree in gender

|-

| [[Contionary:vèly mòvvy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vèly mòvvy}}]] (vɛ́ly mɔ́vvy)

| good morning

| rowspan="4" style="font-style:italic;" | fairly formal in usage

|-

| [[Contionary:vɛl lix|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛl lix/yslíx}}]] (vɛl lix/yslíx)

| good evening

|-

| [[Contionary:vɛl daf|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛl daf}}]] (vɛl daf)

| good day

|-

| [[Contionary:yn aršóc|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yn aršóc}}]] (yn aršóc)

| farewell, goodbye

|-

| [[Contionary:hail sy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|hail sy/ɛi}}]] (hail sy/ɛi)

| rowspan="2" | hello

| rowspan="2" style="font-style:italic;" | must agree in formality, formal-leaning

|-

| [[Contionary:đan sy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|đan sy/ɛi}}]] (đan sy/ɛi)

|-

| [[Contionary:hail|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|hai(l)}}]] (hai(l))

| rowspan="2" | hello, hi

| rowspan="2" style="font-style:italic;" | casual, forms without the final consonant are very informal

|-

| [[Contionary:đan|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|đa(n)}}]] (đa(n))

|-

| [[Contionary:álɔ|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|álɔ}}]] (álɔ)

| hello

| style="font-style:italic;" | used when answering the (tele)phone

|-

| [[Contionary:cáü|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|cáü}}]] (cáü)

| goodbye

| style="font-style:italic;" | fairly casual in usage

|-

| [[Contionary:cy-cáü|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|cy-cáü}}]] (cy-cáü)

| bye

| style="font-style:italic;" | very informal in usage

|}

</div>

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

! colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Introductions

|- style="font-style:normal; font-weight:bold;"

! Gothevian

! English

! Usage notes

|-

| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:ƕɔm|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕɔm}}]] [[Contionary:haítyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|haítyniš/haítynyš}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|?}} (ƕɔm haítyniš/haítynyš?)

| what is your name? ''(lit. "what are you called?")''

| must agree in formality

|-

| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:haítyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|haítyn}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|...}} (haítyn...)

| my name is... ''(lit. "I am called...")''

|

|-

| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:ƕɔm|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕɔm}}]] [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iš/šu}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|?}} (ƕɔm iš/šu?)

| how are you?

| rowspan="5" | must agree in formality

|-

| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:ƕɔm|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕɔm}}]] [[Contionary:šun|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|súêiš/šuš}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|?}} (ƕɔm súɛ̈iš/šuš?)

| how are you? ''(lit. "how do you?")''

|-

| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|im}}]] [[Contionary:bac|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|bac}}]], [[Contionary:i|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|i}}]] [[Contionary:so|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|so}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|/}}[[Contionary:oš|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|oš}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|?}} (im bac, i so/oš?)

| I am fine, and you?

|-

| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:šun|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šu}}]] [[Contionary:vɛl|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛl}}]], [[Contionary:i|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|i}}]] [[Contionary:so|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|so}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|/}}[[Contionary:oš|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|oš}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|?}} (šu vɛl, i so/oš?)

| I am fine, and you? ''(lit. "I do well, and you?")''

|-

| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:ƕɔrs|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕɔrs}}]] [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iš/šu}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|?}} (ƕɔrs iš/šu?)

| where are you from?

|-

| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|im}}]] [[Contionary:yf|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yf}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|...}} (im yf...)

| I am from...

|

|}

</div>

===Numerals===

===Swadesh list===

===Colors===

===Units of time===

====Times of day====

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

! colspan="8" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|mélaš zy dávyn}} (''mélaš zy dávyn'')

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | [[File:Gothevian Flag.png|24px|frameless]]

| [[Contionary:natt|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|natt}}]] ''natt''

| [[Contionary:óttvy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|óttvy}}]] ''óttvy''

| [[Contionary:mòvvy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|mòvvy}}]] ''mɔ́vvy''

| [[Contionary:pland|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|pland}}]] ''pland''

| [[Contionary:ysmáty|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ysmáty}}]] ''ysmáty''

| [[Contionary:lix|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|lix}}]] ''lix''

| [[Contionary:yslíx|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yslíx}}]] ''yslíx''

|-

! colspan="8" style="font-weight:bold;" |

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|24px|frameless]]

| ''night''

| ''dawn''

| ''morning''

| ''noon''

| ''afternoon''

| ''dusk''

| ''evening''

|}

====Weekdays====

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

! colspan="8" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vícɛinaš dávaš}} (''vícɛinaš dávaš'')

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | [[File:Gothevian Flag.png|24px|frameless]]

| [[Contionary:Lúndy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Lúndy}}]] ''Lúndy''

| [[Contionary:Márty|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Márty}}]] ''Márty''

| [[Contionary:Mɛrkòdy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Mɛrkòdy}}]] ''Mɛrkɔ́dy''

| [[Contionary:Đvódy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Đvódy}}]] ''Đvódy''

| [[Contionary:Vɛnèrdy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Vɛnèrdy}}]] ''Vɛnɛ́rdy''

| [[Contionary:Šambáty|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Šambáty}}]] ''Šambáty''

| [[Contionary:Rèišty|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Rèišty}}]] ''Rɛ́išty''

|-

! colspan="8" style="font-weight:bold;" |

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|24px|frameless]]

| ''Monday''

| ''Tuesday''

| ''Wednesday''

| ''Thursday''

| ''Friday''

| ''Saturday''

| ''Sunday''

|}

====Months====

====Seasons====

==Sample texts==

===''The Cold Winter is Near''===

{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

|-

! [[File:Gothevian Flag.png|24px|frameless]] Gothevian

!

! [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|24px|frameless]] English

|-

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Kádun žímun i nƕe, rytúny šta qímɛis.}} ''(Kádun žímun i nƕe, rytúny šta qímɛis.)''

|

| style="font-style:italic;" | The cold winter is near, a blizzard will come.

|-

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Á-ɛl' ɛi nušt ínyn žèškyš rážyš my, o játɛl.}} ''(Á-ɛl' ɛi nušt ínyn žɛ́škyš rážyš my, o játɛl.)''

|

| style="font-style:italic;" | Come in my warm house, o' friend.

|-

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Vɛl qòm'vyn! D'hírɛi, šívvɛi i tánsɛi aš, ícɛi i drítɛi!}} ''(Vɛl qɔ́m'vyn! D'hírɛi, šívvɛi i tánsɛi aš, ícɛi i drítɛi!)''

|

| style="font-style:italic;" | Welcome! Come here, sing and dance, eat and drink!

|-

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Iš i plan my.}} ''(Iš i plan my.)''

|

| style="font-style:italic;" | That is my plan.

|-

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Aim nušt vat, biwš, i niw milk yf qáwyn.}} ''(Aim nušt vat, biwš, i niw milk yf qáwyn.)''

|

| style="font-style:italic;" | We have water, beer, and fresh milk from the cow.

|-

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Ax, i žèšky còbry!}} ''(Ax, i žɛ́šky cɔ́bry!)''

|

| style="font-style:italic;" | Oh, and warm soup!

|}

===''The North Wind and the Sun''===

{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

|-

! [[File:Gothevian Flag.png|24px|frameless]] Gothevian

!

! [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|24px|frameless]] English

|-

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Nòsryn i Šáwjlun ynšókynɔvyn ƕɔn zy cèđaš vas iw-šés, jaj raízar sɛrqímijus, bynsènđivyn ínyn žèškuš paízuš.}} ''(Nɔ́sryn i Šáwjlun ynšókynɔvyn ƕɔn zy cɛ́đaš vas iw-šés, jaj raízar sɛrqímijus, bynsɛ́nđivyn ínyn žɛ́škuš paízuš.)''

|

| style="font-style:italic;" | The North Wind and the Sun were disputing who of the two was stronger, when a traveler came along, wrapped around in a warm cloak.

|-

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Ynjánynɔvyn, ƕònuviš ma i byvándivyn raízaryn iš unšácais paízy šy, sar šta gydómynis ɛi iw-šés aj ásyryn.}} ''(Ynjánynɔvyn, ƕɔ́nuviš ma i byvándivyn raízaryn iš unšácais paízy šy, sar šta gydómynis ɛi iw-šés aj ásyryn.)''

|

| style="font-style:italic;" | They agreed, that whoever can force the traveler, so that he takes off his cloak, will then have to be deemed stronger than the other.

|-

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Nòsryn èöïjus san saf m'ájus, úžyf dy sávyš èöïjus, maížyš raízaryn házijus iw-bí paízy šy byn šɛ, i dygávijus ástumy.}} ''(Nɔ́sryn ɛ́öïjus san saf m'ájus, úžyf dy sávyš ɛ́öïjus, maížyš raízaryn házijus iw-bí paízy šy byn šɛ, i dygávijus ástumy.)''

|

| style="font-style:italic;" | The North Wind then blew as hard as he could, but the more he blew, the more closely did the traveler hold his cloak around himself, and at last he gave up.

|-

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Šáwjlun šcánijus san žèšky, i raízaryn unšácijus tríggy paízy šy.}} ''(Šáwjlun šcánijus san žɛ́šky, i raízaryn unšácijus tríggy paízy šy.)''

|

| style="font-style:italic;" | The Sun then shone warmly, and the traveler immediately took off his cloak.

|-

| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Nòsryn sar ynèhaitijus ɛi, iš Šáwjlun vas iw-šézun.}} ''(Nɔ́sryn sar ynɛ́haitijus ɛi, iš Šáwjlun vas iw-šézun.)''

|

| style="font-style:italic;" | The North Wind was then obliged to confess that the Sun was the stronger [of the two].

|}

==See also==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Category: Indo-European_languages]][[Category: Germanic languages]][[Category: East Germanic languages]][[Category: Languages]][[Category: Conlangs]][[Category: A_posteriori]][[Category:Gothevian]]
-{{private}}{{construction}}
+{{private}}
 {{Infobox language
 |image             = Gothevian Flag.png
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 |fam4              = [[w:Gothic language|Gothic]]
 |creator           = User:Vrianne
+|stand1            = Standard Central Gothevian
+|dia1              = Central dialects
+|dia2              = Eastern dialects
+|dia3              = Southern Dialects
+|dia4              = Northern dialects
+|dia5              = Western Dialects
+|dia6              = Pyre Dialects
 |script1           = Gthv
 |nation            = Gothevia
@@ Line 138: / Line 145: @@
 * /r/ may  be pronounced as either a trill [r] or a tap [ɾ]. The trilled pronunciation is commonplace when it is followed by a glide, such as in ⟨[[Contionary:róždy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|róždy}}]]⟩ [ˈ'''r'''wɤ̞ʒdə ~ ˈ'''r'''ʷɤ̞ʒdə].
 * In eastern dialects, /l/ is velarized [ɫ].
-* Consonant-Glide clusters /Cj, Cw/ may coalesce into an allophonically palatalized/labialized consonant /Cʲ, Cʷ/.
+* Consonant-Glide clusters /Cj, Cw/ may coalesce into a palatalized/labialized consonant /Cʲ, Cʷ/.
 * [w] is an allophone of /v/ when directly preceded or followed by a consonant. Compare ⟨[[Contionary:oš|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|oš}}]]⟩ ['''v'''o̞ʃ] and ⟨[[Contionary:šoš|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šoš}}]]⟩ [ʃ'''w'''ɤ̞ʃ ~ ʃ'''ʷ'''ɤ̞ʃ].
@@ Line 157: / Line 164: @@
 ====From Pre-Gothevian to Old Gothevian====
-* /t, d/, /k, ɡ/ palatalize to /c/, /ɟ/ respectively before /i(ː)/, /eː/. /kʷ/, /ɡ(ː)ʷ/ are unaffected.
+* /t, d/, /k, ɡ/ palatalize to /c/, /ɟ/ respectively before /i(ː)/, /eː/, /j/. /kʷ/, /ɡ(ː)ʷ/ are unaffected.
 *: <small>P-G</small> ''tɛíhan'' /ˈtiː.han/ → <small>OG</small> ''cɛíhan'' /ˈciː.han/ ("to show")
 *: <small>P-G</small> ''gílþa'' /ˈɡil.θa/ → <small>early OG</small> ''đílþa'' /ˈɟil.θa/ ("sickle")
@@ Line 196: / Line 203: @@
 *: <small>OG</small> ''smýrna'' /ˈsmyr.na/ → <small>MG</small> ''šmýrna, šmýrny'' /ˈʃmɨr.nə/ ("myrrh")
 * Vowels preceding a nasal consonant coalesce into a long nasalized vowel if followed by a fricative or a liquid. These nasalized vowels lose their nasalization shortly after. /ẽː/, /ø̃ː/, /õː/ develop into /aː/ during this process.
-*: <small>OG</small> ''swinþ'' /swinθ/ → <small>early MG</small> ''šwinþ, *šwɛiþ'' /ʃwiːθ/ ("strong")
+*: <small>OG</small> ''swinþ'' /swinθ/ → <small>early MG</small> ''šwins, *šwɛis'' /ʃwiːs/ ("strong")
 *: <small>late OG</small> ''ξanθ'' /skanθ ~ ksanθ/ → <small>early MG</small> ''ξanθ, ξanþ'' /ʃkaːs/ ("blond")
 * /iː, eː/, /yː, øː/, /uː, oː/ develop into /je̞/, /we̞/, /wo̞/ respectively.
@@ Line 216: / Line 223: @@
 *: <small>MG</small> ''twai'' /twja/ → <small>late MG</small> ''twai, cai, cwai'' /ca/ ("two")
 *: <small>MG</small> ''wínsišk, wɛísišk'' /wje.siʃk/ → <small>late MG</small> ''wínsišk, wɛísišk'' /je.siʃk/ ("Macedonian Slav")
 ====From Middle Gothevian to Modern Gothevian====
 * /h/ is completely lost.
@@ Line 230: / Line 238: @@
 ==Orthography==
+Gothevian is written primarily in the '''Gothevian script'''. It is an [[w:alphabet|alphabet]] and at its core a variant of the Wulfilan [[w:Gothic alphabet|Gothic alphabet]], augmented by letters borrowed from the nearby [[w:Greek alphabet|Greek]] and [[w:Early Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]] scripts. The modern Gothevian spelling convention is based on the reformed Central Gothevian literary norms, and as such the Modern Gothevian Script contains some archaic features, such as the vowel-modifying consonants ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|q, ƕ}}⟩ (q, ƕ), and ditched others, such as the obsolete letters ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|θ, ξ, ψ}}⟩ ([[w:theta|θ]], [[w:xi|ξ]], [[w:psi|ψ]]).
+The modern Gothevian script contains 31 letters in common use. Most letters are mapped to a single phoneme, with a few others mapped onto more than one phoneme but in regular and predictable contexts.
 <div style=display:inline-grid>
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
@@ Line 436: / Line 447: @@
 |}
 </div>
-===Digraphs and Trigraphs===
+# Qɛ́rsy and ƕaíry are pronounced identically to kápy and hály respectively but alter the pronunciation of the following vowel ([[#Digraphs_and_Trigraphs|see below]]).
+# Đɛ́ty and cɛ́ty are pronounced as /ʒ/ and /ʃ/ in unstressed and/or coda positions.
+Apart from zéty ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|z}}⟩, éty ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|e}}), đɛ́ty ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|đ}}⟩, ɔ́my ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɔ}}⟩, and cɛ́ty ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|c}}⟩, all Gothevian letters can be directly traced to a Gothic-script source. The source of đɛ́ty and cɛ́ty specifically is a point of contention, as no unambigious source has been identified. The many theories include the following:
+# Current mainstream theories argue for a [[w:Coptic_script|Coptic]] source for cɛ́ty, citing [[wikt:ϭ#Coptic|čima]] ⟨ϭ⟩ as the most likely candidate, followed by [[wikt:ϯ#Coptic|ti]] ⟨ϯ⟩. A Coptic source for đɛ́ty is more dubious, with the likeliest candidate, [[wikt:ϫ#Coptic|janjia]] ⟨ϫ⟩, bearing less of a resemblance than the candidates for cɛ́ty.
+# Likewise, đɛ́ty is near-unanimously believed to be derived from a Cyrillic source, with most mainstream theories putting forward [[w:Tse (Cyrillic)|tse]] ⟨ц⟩ or [[w:Che (Cyrillic)|che]] ⟨ч⟩ as probable sources. Less supported theories instead propose [[w:Djerv|djerv]] ⟨ꙉ⟩ due to its alphabetical order being nearer to that of đɛ́ty. Djerv has also been proposed as a source for cɛ́ty as a more fringe position, alongside an adaptation of a [[wikt:yer|yer]] ⟨ь~ъ⟩.
+# A popular yet unsupported theory proposes [[w:Gothic alphabet|Gothic]] [[wikt:𐍁|𐍁]] (90) based wholly on its similar form. This comes with a host of unexplained inconsistencies, such as its sudden shift in alphabetical and numeric order, and its missing usage as a numeral. Others point to [[wikt:𐍊|𐍊]] (900) as another Gothic source, but those are even less supported and outright rejected.
+# Cɛ́ty is also sometimes argued to be a simplification of a ligature, such as ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|tj}}⟩ (tj), though this is not backed by historic manuscripts.
+# An Armenian source can also be argued for, with letters such as [[w:Tsa (Armenian letter)|tsa]] ⟨ծ⟩ and [[w:Che (Armenian letter)|che]] ⟨ճ⟩ being put forward for cɛ́ty, and [[w:Cha (Armenian letter)|cha]] ⟨չ⟩ and [[w:Je (Armenian letter)|je]] ⟨ջ⟩ for đɛ́ty.
+===Digraphs and letter combinations===
+Additionally, Gothevian contains several letter combinations that have phonetic values different from those of their single components. These include vocalic digraphs from historic long vowels and consonants that modify certain vowels.
+Vocalic diphthongs take the form ⟨'''{{abbtip|vowel - glide/approximant|VG}}'''⟩ and phonetically represent /'''{{abbtip|glide/approximant - vowel|GV}}'''/ sequences. Most of these formerly represented long vowels /Vː/ which had later broken up into their current forms.
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 |-
@@ Line 442: / Line 464: @@
 ! Translit.
 ! IPA
+! IPA (hist.)
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}
 | ai
 | /ja/
+| /ɛː/
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}}
 | aw
 | /va~wa/
+| /ɔː/
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɛi}}
 | ɛi
 | /je/
+| /iː/
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iw}}
 | iw
 | /vɨ~wɨ/
+| /iu̯/
+|-
+! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ow}}
+| ow
+| ''<small><span style="color:gray">deprecated</span></small>''
+| /uː/
 |}
+The letters qɛ́rsy ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|q}}⟩ and ƕaíry ⟨{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕ}}⟩ can also alter the pronunciation of certain vowels when directly preceding them. Qɛ́rsy and ƕaíry formerly represented labialized consonants /kʷ, ʍ/ and as such triggered the rounding of unrounded vowels, causing them to diverge from their unaffected counterparts.
 <div style=display:inline-grid>
@@ Line 466: / Line 500: @@
 ! Translit.
 ! IPA
+! IPA (hist.)
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qa}}
 | qa
 | /kwa/
+| /k(ʷ)ɔː/
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qai}}
 | qai
 | /kwɨ/
+| /k(ʷ)œː/
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qɛ}}
 | qɛ
 | /kɨ/
+| /k(ʷ)œ/
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qɛi}}
 | qɛi
 | rowspan="2" | /kwe/
+| /k(ʷ)yː/
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qe}}
 | qe
+| /k(ʷ)øː/
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qi}}
 | qi
-| /kwɨ/
+| /kɨ/
+| /k(ʷ)y/
 |}
 </div>
@@ Line 497: / Line 538: @@
 ! Translit.
 ! IPA
+! IPA (hist.)
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕa}}
 | ƕa
 | /va~wa/
+| /h(ʷ)ɔː/
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕai}}
 | ƕai
 | /vɨ~wɨ/
+| /h(ʷ)œː/
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕɛ}}
 | ƕɛ
 | /ɨ/
+| /h(ʷ)œ/
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕɛi}}
 | ƕɛi
 | rowspan="2" | /ve~we/
+| /h(ʷ)yː/
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕe}}
 | ƕe
+| /h(ʷ)øː/
 |-
 ! style="font-size:large;" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕi}}
 | ƕi
-| /vɨ~wɨ/
+| /ɨ/
+| /h(ʷ)y/
 |}
 </div>
@@ Line 554: / Line 602: @@
 | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|pš}} (pš), {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šp}} (šp), {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ps}} (ps)
 |}
+===History===
+By the time of the first standardization of the Gothevian script based on the [[w:Stobi|Štoven]] Dialect, influence from literary Greek had taken its course on vowel glyphs. {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɛ}} would be remapped onto short ''e'', with ''ē'' becoming represented by {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|e}} taken from Greek [[w:eta|eta]] (η). A similar system came about for the mid-back vowels, using native {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|o}} for ''ō'', due to the perceived similarity of its written form to Greek [[w:omega|omega]] (ω), and Hellenic {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɔ}} for ''o''. Other long vowels would become disambiguated using the digraphs {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɛi, ow, ai, aw,}} and rarely {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aa}} for ''ī, ū, ɛ̄, ɔ̄,'' and ''ā'' respectively. A monotonic system would also be adopted, with vowels in stressed syllables gaining an [[w:Acute accent|acute]] (◌́) and vowels in [[w:Vowel hiatus|hiatus]] gaining a [[w:Diaeresis (diacritic)|diaeresis]] (◌̈). {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|θ, ξ, ψ}} (th, ks, ps) would also begin their usage during this period.
+...
 ==Grammar==
@@ Line 1,007: / Line 1,060: @@
 ===Verbs===
+Gothevian lost many of the complex verbal conjugations it inherited from [[w:Gothic verbs|Gothic]], such as [[w:Dual (grammatical number)|dual]] forms, the old passive conjugation, and [[w:Germanic strong verb|strong verb classes]]. Nevertheless, Gothevian verb conjugation is the most complex out of any surviving Germanic language, due to the acquisition of an [[w:aorist|aorist]], a new synthetic passive, and other analytic moods such as the [[w:Inferential mood|inferential]] and [[w:Conditional mood|conditional]] moods.
+====Irregular stems====
+Irregular verbs in Gothevian are verbs whose stems either slightly alter or completely change across the paradigm. These changes mostly occur across tense-aspect-mood forms, but two verbs (''to have, to be'') also alter their stems depending on person.
+While most strong verbs would regularize by applying one form throughout the whole paradigm, some common verbs would retain reduced stem vowel alternation in their "past" (''imperfect and aorist'') conjugations. These verbs include {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ícyn}} (ícyn, "to eat") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|éc-}}, éc-), {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qízyn}} (qízyn, "to talk") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qòz-}}, qɔ́z-), {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qímyn}} (qímyn, "to come") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|qòm-}}, qɔ́m-), and {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ályn}} (ályn, "to grow") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ól-}}, ól-).
+Another source of irregular verbs are Gothic [[w:Gothic_verbs#Irregular_weak_verbs|weak irregular verbs]] that have also resisted full regularization. Instead, these verbs underwent partial regularization, by reforming the present stems with the consonantism of the past stem (which mostly would have followed a ''CV̄̆ht-'' pattern) and the vocalism of the present stem, thus in a way appearing to mimic the previous class of irregular verbs. These verbs include {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|sútyn}} (sútyn, "to seem") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|sót-}}, sót-), {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|bútyn}} (bútyn, "to buy") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|báwt-}}, báwt-), and {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vòtyn}} (vɔ́tyn, "to make") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vát-}}, vát-), alongside the verb {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|drítyn}} (drítyn, "to drink") (past stem {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|drɛít-}}, drɛít-).
+The last category of irregular verbs, specifically the two verbs {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}} (ain, "to have") and {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn}} (víšyn, "to be") use multiple different stems throughout their paradigm ({{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aí-, á-, aíc-}}; {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|v-, š-, ší-}}).
+====Synthetic forms====
+Approximately one third of verbal conjugations in Gothevian are synthetic, meaning they indicate grammatical information via [[w:Bound and free morphemes|bound affixation]] rather than by [[w:Bound and free morphemes|unbound morphemes]]. With the exception of participles and the aorist, synthetic forms all represent direct evolutions from old Gothic conjugations.
+=====Participles=====
+Gothevian verbs have five participles based on aspect and voice, declining for 2 gender categories (''masculine-neuter, feminine'').
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="text-align:left;"
+! rowspan="2" |
+! colspan="5" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | [[Contionary:šócyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šócyn}}]] ''(šócyn, "to see")''
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+! present active<br />participle
+! present passive<br />participle
+! imperfect active<br />participle
+! imperfect passive<br />participle
+! aorist<br />participle
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | masculine<br />(+ neuter)
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yn}}</span><br />''šóc<span style="color:#709BBF">yn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynyn}}</span><br />''šóc<span style="color:#709BBF">ynyn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''šóc<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|inɔs}}</span><br />''šóc<span style="color:#709BBF">inɔs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivyn}}</span><br />''šóc<span style="color:#709BBF">ivyn</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | feminine
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ny}}</span><br />''šóc<span style="color:#C15959">ny</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyny}}</span><br />''šóc<span style="color:#C15959">nyny</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''šóc<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|inɔzy}}</span><br />''šóc<span style="color:#C15959">inɔzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šóc}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivny}}</span><br />''šóc<span style="color:#C15959">ivny</span>''
+|}
+=====Present=====
+The present tense is used for:
+* Events happening in the present,
+* Current states of being,
+* Facts that are always true.
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+|+ Present Indicative
+! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''<span style="color:#3f8039">{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|<small>ACT</small>}}</span><br><span style="color:#773980">{{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|<small>PASS</small>}}</span>'''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''
+! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gaf}}<br />''gaf''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yn}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">yn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<br />''ɛ́ö''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">n</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<br />''ai''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|av}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">n</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|im}}<br />''im''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ši}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">n</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɛiš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ɛiš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yniš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">yniš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|êiš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ɛ̈iš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">niš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">niš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iš}}<br />''iš''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">niš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɛis}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ɛis</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynis}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynis</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|êis}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ɛ̈is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nis</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">s</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nis</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|i}}<br />''i''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">nis</span>''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ym}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ym</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynym}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynym</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">m</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nym</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">m</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nym</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šam}}<br />''šam''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">nym</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">yš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynyš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynyš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nyš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span><br />''aj<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nyš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šu}}<br />''šu''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">nyš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yn}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">yn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynyn}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynyn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">n</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nyn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">n</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nyn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šan}}<br />''šan''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">nyn</span>''
+|}
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+|+ Present Subjunctive
+! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''<span style="color:#3f8039">{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|<small>ACT</small>}}</span><br><span style="color:#773980">{{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|<small>PASS</small>}}</span>'''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''
+! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">aw</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynaw}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynaw</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äw}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">äw</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">naw</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aw</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naw</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">aw</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}}</span><br />''ší<span style="color:#773980">naw</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">aiš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynaiš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynaiš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äiš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">äiš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">naiš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aiš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naiš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">aiš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}}</span><br />''ší<span style="color:#773980">naiš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ais</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynais}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynais</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äis}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">äis</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nais</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ais</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nais</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">ais</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}}</span><br />''ší<span style="color:#773980">nais</span>''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">aim</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynaim}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynaim</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äim}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">äim</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">naim</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aim</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naim</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">aim</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}}</span><br />''ší<span style="color:#773980">naim</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">awš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynawš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynawš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äwš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">äwš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nawš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">awš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nawš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">awš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}}</span><br />''ší<span style="color:#773980">nawš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ain</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynain}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynain</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äin}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">äin</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nain</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ain</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nain</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">ain</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}}</span><br />''ší<span style="color:#773980">nain</span>''
+|}
+=====Imperfect=====
+The [[w:Imperfect|Imperfect]] fuses the [[w:Past tense|past tense]] (and marginally the present tense) with [[w:Imperfective aspect|imperfective aspect]] and is used for:
+* Ongoing events that happened in the past,
+* States of being in the past that still have some sort of effect in the present,
+* Events or states of being that started in the past and are still ongoing in the present, if context is clear.
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+|+ Imperfect Indicative
+! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''<span style="color:#3f8039">{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|<small>ACT</small>}}</span><br><span style="color:#773980">{{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|<small>PASS</small>}}</span>'''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''
+! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ija}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ija</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔva}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynɔva</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïja}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïja</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔva}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nɔva</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ja}}</span><br />''á<span style="color:#3f8039">ja</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔva}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nɔva</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vam}}<br />''vam''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ja}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">ja</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ijɛš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ijɛš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvɛš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynɔvɛš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïjɛš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïjɛš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nɔvɛš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jɛš}}</span><br />''á<span style="color:#3f8039">jɛš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛš}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nɔvɛš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vam}}<br />''vaš''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jɛš}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">jɛš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ijus}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ijus</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvus}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynɔvus</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïjus}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïjus</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvus}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nɔvus</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jus}}</span><br />''á<span style="color:#3f8039">jus</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvus}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nɔvus</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vam}}<br />''vas''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jus}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">jus</span>''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ijym}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ijym</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvym}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynɔvym</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïjym}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïjym</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvym}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nɔvym</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jym}}</span><br />''á<span style="color:#3f8039">jym</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvym}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nɔvym</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vam}}<br />''éšym''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jym}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">jym</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ijyš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ijyš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvyš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynɔvyš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïjyš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïjyš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvyš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nɔvyš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jyš}}</span><br />''á<span style="color:#3f8039">jyš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvyš}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nɔvyš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vam}}<br />''éšyš''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jyš}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">jyš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ijyn}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ijyn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvyn}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynɔvyn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïjyn}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïjyn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvyn}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nɔvyn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jyn}}</span><br />''á<span style="color:#3f8039">jyn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvyn}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nɔvyn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vam}}<br />''éšyn''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|jyn}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">jyn</span>''
+|}
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+|+ Imperfect Subjunctive
+! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''<span style="color:#3f8039">{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|<small>ACT</small>}}</span><br><span style="color:#773980">{{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|<small>PASS</small>}}</span>'''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''
+! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ija}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ija</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvaw}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynɔvaw</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïja}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïja</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvaw}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nɔvaw</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ija}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ija</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvaw}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nɔvaw</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|íja}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">íja</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvaw}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">nɔvaw</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêiš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">iɛ̈iš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvɛiš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynɔvɛiš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïêiš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïɛ̈iš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛiš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nɔvɛiš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêiš}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">iɛ̈iš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛiš}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nɔvɛiš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|íêiš}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">íɛ̈iš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛiš}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">nɔvɛiš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêis}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">iɛ̈is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvis}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynɔvis</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïêis}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïɛ̈is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvis}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nɔvis</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêis}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">iɛ̈is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvis}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nɔvis</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|íêis}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">íɛ̈is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvis}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">nɔvis</span>''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêim}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">iɛ̈im</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvɛim}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynɔvɛim</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïêim}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïɛ̈im</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛim}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nɔvɛim</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêim}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">iɛ̈im</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛim}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nɔvɛim</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|íêim}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">íɛ̈im</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛim}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">nɔvɛim</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iöš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">iöš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvoš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynɔvoš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïöš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïöš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvoš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nɔvoš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iöš}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">iöš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvoš}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nɔvoš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|íöš}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">íöš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvoš}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">nɔvoš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêin}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">iɛ̈in</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynɔvɛin}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynɔvɛin</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïêin}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïɛ̈in</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛin}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nɔvɛin</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iêin}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">iɛ̈in</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛin}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">nɔvɛin</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|íêin}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">íɛ̈in</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nɔvɛin}}</span><br />''ši<span style="color:#773980">nɔvɛin</span>''
+|}
+=====Aorist=====
+The [[w:Aorist|Aorist]] differs from the imperfect in that is expresses the [[w:perfective aspect|perfective aspect]]. It is used for:
+* Event that began and ended in the past, viewed as a single whole rather than a process,
+* States of being in the past that do not have any effect in the present,
+* Events or states of being that are fully contained within a certain timeframe, such as when storytelling.
+The Gothevian aorist has no passive forms. Instead, imperfect or perfect passives may be used.
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+|+ Aorist Indicative
+! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''<span style="color:#3f8039">{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|<small>ACT</small>}}</span><br><span style="color:#773980">{{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|<small>PASS</small>}}</span>'''
+! [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''
+! [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''
+! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |
+! [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''
+! [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iva}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">iva</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïva}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïva</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|va}}</span><br />''á<span style="color:#3f8039">va</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|íva}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">íva</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ivɛš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvɛš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïvɛš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛš}}</span><br />''á<span style="color:#3f8039">vɛš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívɛš}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">ívɛš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivus}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ivus</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvus}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïvus</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vus}}</span><br />''á<span style="color:#3f8039">vus</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívus}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">ívus</span>''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivym}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ivym</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvym}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïvym</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vym}}</span><br />''á<span style="color:#3f8039">vym</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívym}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">ívym</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivyš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ivyš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvyš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïvyš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vyš}}</span><br />''á<span style="color:#3f8039">vyš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívyš}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">ívyš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivyn}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ivyn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvyn}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïvyn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|á}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vyn}}</span><br />''á<span style="color:#3f8039">vyn</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívyn}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">ívyn</span>''
+|}
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+|+ Aorist Subjunctive
+! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''<span style="color:#3f8039">{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|<small>ACT</small>}}</span><br><span style="color:#773980">{{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|<small>PASS</small>}}</span>'''
+! [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''
+! [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''
+! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |
+! [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''
+! [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivaw}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ivaw</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvaw}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïvaw</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivaw}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ivaw</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívaw}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">ívaw</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛiš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ivɛiš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvɛiš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïvɛiš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛiš}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ivɛiš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívɛiš}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">ívɛiš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛis}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ivɛis</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvɛis}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïvɛis</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛis}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ivɛis</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívɛis}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">ívɛis</span>''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛim}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ivɛim</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvɛim}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïvɛim</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛim}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ivɛim</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívɛim}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">ívɛim</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivoš}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ivoš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvoš}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïvoš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivoš}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ivoš</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívoš}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">ívoš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛin}}</span><br />''gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ivɛin</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïvɛin}}</span><br />''ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ïvɛin</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ivɛin}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ivɛin</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ívɛin}}</span><br />''š<span style="color:#3f8039">ívɛin</span>''
+|}
+====Analytic forms====
+The other two thirds of verbal conjugations in Gothevian are analytic, meaning they are contructed via [[w:Bound and free morphemes|unbound particles]] accompanying the main verb.
+=====Future=====
+The future tense is used for events or states of being occurring in the future. It is formed by adding the particle [[Contionary:šta|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}]] (šta) directly before the simple present form of a verb.
+In less formal speech or writing, {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}} may contract to {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|št'}} (št'). This is especially prevalent if the main verb begins with a vowel ({{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta èö}} → {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|št'èö}}).
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+|+ Future Indicative
+! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''<span style="color:#3f8039">{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|<small>ACT</small>}}</span><br><span style="color:#773980">{{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|<small>PASS</small>}}</span>'''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''
+! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gaf}}<br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gaf''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yn}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#773980">yn</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">n</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ai''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|av}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> av<span style="color:#773980">n</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|im}}<br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> im''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ši}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ši<span style="color:#773980">n</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɛiš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ɛiš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yniš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#773980">yniš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|êiš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ɛ̈iš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">niš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> av<span style="color:#773980">niš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iš}}<br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> iš''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ši<span style="color:#773980">niš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ɛis}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ɛis</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynis}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynis</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|êis}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">ɛ̈is</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nis</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ai<span style="color:#3f8039">s</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> av<span style="color:#773980">nis</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|i}}<br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> i''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ši<span style="color:#773980">nis</span>''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ym}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ym</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynym}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynym</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">m</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nym</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ai<span style="color:#3f8039">m</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> av<span style="color:#773980">nym</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šam}}<br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> šam''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ši<span style="color:#773980">nym</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">yš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynyš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynyš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nyš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> aj<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> av<span style="color:#773980">nyš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šu}}<br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> šu''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ši<span style="color:#773980">nyš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yn}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">yn</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynyn}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynyn</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">n</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nyn</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ai<span style="color:#3f8039">n</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> av<span style="color:#773980">nyn</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šan}}<br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> šan''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ši<span style="color:#773980">nyn</span>''
+|}
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+|+ Future Subjunctive
+! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''<span style="color:#3f8039">{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|<small>ACT</small>}}</span><br><span style="color:#773980">{{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|<small>PASS</small>}}</span>'''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''
+! rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">aw</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynaw}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynaw</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äw}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">äw</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">naw</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aw</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> áv<span style="color:#773980">naw</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> š<span style="color:#3f8039">aw</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ší<span style="color:#773980">naw</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">aiš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynaiš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynaiš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äiš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">äiš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">naiš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aiš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> áv<span style="color:#773980">naiš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> š<span style="color:#3f8039">aiš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ší<span style="color:#773980">naiš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ais</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynais}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynais</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äis}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">äis</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nais</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ais</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> áv<span style="color:#773980">nais</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> š<span style="color:#3f8039">ais</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ší<span style="color:#773980">nais</span>''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">aim</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynaim}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynaim</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äim}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">äim</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">naim</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aim</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> áv<span style="color:#773980">naim</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> š<span style="color:#3f8039">aim</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ší<span style="color:#773980">naim</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">awš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynawš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynawš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äwš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">äwš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nawš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">awš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> áv<span style="color:#773980">nawš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> š<span style="color:#3f8039">awš</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ší<span style="color:#773980">nawš</span>''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#3f8039">ain</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ynain}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> gáv<span style="color:#773980">ynain</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|äin}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#3f8039">äin</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#773980">nain</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ain</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> áv<span style="color:#773980">nain</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> š<span style="color:#3f8039">ain</span>''
+| <span style="color:#396380">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šta}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ší}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}}</span><br />''<span style="color:#396380">šta</span> ší<span style="color:#773980">nain</span>''
+|}
+=====Present Perfect=====
+The present perfect tense is used for events or states of being occurring wholly in the past, viewed as a single whole, with a lasting effect on the present state. It also refers to a past event that happened fully before another event in the present. It is formed by using the simple present tense of [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}]] (ain, "to have") alongside the imperfect active participle of the main verb. Both active and passive constructions use the imperfect active participle, with the voice distinction being codified into the auxiliary's conjugation.
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+|+ Present Perfect Indicative
+! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''<span style="color:#3f8039">{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|<small>ACT</small>}}</span><br><span style="color:#773980">{{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|<small>PASS</small>}}</span>'''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''
+! rowspan="12" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''
+|-
+! rowspan="5" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''ai gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|av}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">n</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''ai ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|av}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''av<span style="color:#773980">n</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''ai ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|av}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''av<span style="color:#773980">n</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}} {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''ai vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|av}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''av<span style="color:#773980">n</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person<br>masculine/neuter
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">niš</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">niš</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">niš</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">niš</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person<br>feminine
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">niš</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">niš</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">niš</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|niš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">niš</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person<br>masculine/neuter
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">s</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nis</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">s</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nis</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">s</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nis</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">s</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nis</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person<br>feminine
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">s</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nis</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">s</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nis</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">s</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nis</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|s}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">s</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nis}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nis</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! rowspan="5" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">m</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nym</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">m</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nym</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">m</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nym</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|m}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">m</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nym}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nym</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person<br>masculine/neuter
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyš</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyš</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyš</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyš</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person<br>feminine
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyš</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyš</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyš</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|š}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">š</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyš</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person<br>masculine/neuter
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">n</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyn</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">n</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyn</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">n</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyn</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">n</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyn</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person<br>feminine
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">n</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyn</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">n</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyn</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">n</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyn</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ai}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|n}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''ai<span style="color:#3f8039">n</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nyn}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nyn</span> vɛis''
+|}
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+|+ Present Perfect Subjunctive
+! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" | '''<span style="color:#3f8039">{{abbtip|endings specific to the active voice|<small>ACT</small>}}</span><br><span style="color:#773980">{{abbtip|endings specific to the passive voice|<small>PASS</small>}}</span>'''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:gávyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gávyn]]}} ''(gávyn, "to give")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:èön|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èön]]}} ''(ɛ́ön, "to blow")''
+! rowspan="12" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:ain|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain]]}} ''(ain, "to have")''
+! colspan="2" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|víšyn]]}} ''(víšyn, "to be")''
+|-
+! rowspan="5" style="font-weight:bold;" | singular
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aw</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naw</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aw</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naw</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aw</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naw</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aw}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aw</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naw}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naw</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person<br>masculine/neuter
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aiš</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naiš</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aiš</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naiš</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aiš</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naiš</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aiš</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naiš</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person<br>feminine
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aiš</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naiš</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aiš</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naiš</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aiš</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naiš</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aiš</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naiš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naiš</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person<br>masculine/neuter
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ais</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nais</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ais</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nais</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ais</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nais</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ais</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nais</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person<br>feminine
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ais</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nais</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ais</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nais</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ais</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nais</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ais</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nais}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nais</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! rowspan="5" style="font-weight:bold;" | plural
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aim</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naim</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aim</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naim</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aim</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naim</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aim}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">aim</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|naim}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">naim</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person<br>masculine/neuter
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">awš</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nawš</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">awš</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nawš</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">awš</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nawš</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">awš</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nawš</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person<br>feminine
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">awš</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nawš</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">awš</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nawš</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">awš</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nawš</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aj}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|awš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">awš</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nawš}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nawš</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person<br>masculine/neuter
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ain</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|is}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nain</span> gáv<span style="color:#709BBF">is</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ain</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#709BBF">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïs}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nain</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#709BBF">ïs</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ain</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nain</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ain</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nain</span> vɛis''
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person<br>feminine
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ain</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|gáv}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|izy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nain</span> gáv<span style="color:#C15959">izy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ain</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|èö}}<span style="color:#C15959">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ïzy}}</span><br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nain</span> ɛ́ö<span style="color:#C15959">ïzy</span>''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ain</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ait}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nain</span> ait''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|aíc}}<span style="color:#3f8039">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''aíc<span style="color:#3f8039">ain</span> vɛis''
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|áv}}<span style="color:#773980">{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|nain}}</span> {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛis}}<br />''áv<span style="color:#773980">nain</span> vɛis''
+|}
+=====Past Perfect=====
+=====Future Perfect=====
+====Inferential====
 ==Vocabulary==
+===Phrasebook===
+<div style=display:inline-grid>
+{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+! colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Greetings
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+! Gothevian
+! English
+! Usage notes
+|-
+| [[Contionary:vɛl qòmivyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛl qòmivyn/qòmivny}}]] (vɛl qɔ́mivyn/qɔ́mivny)
+| welcome
+| style="font-style:italic;" | must agree in gender
+|-
+| [[Contionary:vèly mòvvy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vèly mòvvy}}]] (vɛ́ly mɔ́vvy)
+| good morning
+| rowspan="4" style="font-style:italic;" | fairly formal in usage
+|-
+| [[Contionary:vɛl lix|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛl lix/yslíx}}]] (vɛl lix/yslíx)
+| good evening
+|-
+| [[Contionary:vɛl daf|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛl daf}}]] (vɛl daf)
+| good day
+|-
+| [[Contionary:yn aršóc|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yn aršóc}}]] (yn aršóc)
+| farewell, goodbye
+|-
+| [[Contionary:hail sy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|hail sy/ɛi}}]] (hail sy/ɛi)
+| rowspan="2" | hello
+| rowspan="2" style="font-style:italic;" | must agree in formality, formal-leaning
+|-
+| [[Contionary:đan sy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|đan sy/ɛi}}]] (đan sy/ɛi)
+|-
+| [[Contionary:hail|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|hai(l)}}]] (hai(l))
+| rowspan="2" | hello, hi
+| rowspan="2" style="font-style:italic;" | casual, forms without the final consonant are very informal
+|-
+| [[Contionary:đan|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|đa(n)}}]] (đa(n))
+|-
+| [[Contionary:álɔ|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|álɔ}}]] (álɔ)
+| hello
+| style="font-style:italic;" | used when answering the (tele)phone
+|-
+| [[Contionary:cáü|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|cáü}}]] (cáü)
+| goodbye
+| style="font-style:italic;" | fairly casual in usage
+|-
+| [[Contionary:cy-cáü|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|cy-cáü}}]] (cy-cáü)
+| bye
+| style="font-style:italic;" | very informal in usage
+|}
+</div>
+<div style=display:inline-grid>
+{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+! colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Introductions
+|- style="font-style:normal; font-weight:bold;"
+! Gothevian
+! English
+! Usage notes
+|-
+| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:ƕɔm|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕɔm}}]] [[Contionary:haítyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|haítyniš/haítynyš}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|?}} (ƕɔm haítyniš/haítynyš?)
+| what is your name? <small>''(lit. "what are you called?")''</small>
+| must agree in formality
+|-
+| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:haítyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|haítyn}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|...}} (haítyn...)
+| my name is... <small>''(lit. "I am called...")''</small>
+|
+|-
+| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:ƕɔm|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕɔm}}]] [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iš/šu}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|?}} (ƕɔm iš/šu?)
+| how are you?
+| rowspan="5" | must agree in formality
+|-
+| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:ƕɔm|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕɔm}}]] [[Contionary:šun|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|súêiš/šuš}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|?}} (ƕɔm súɛ̈iš/šuš?)
+| how are you? <small>''(lit. "how do you?")''</small>
+|-
+| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|im}}]] [[Contionary:bac|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|bac}}]], [[Contionary:i|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|i}}]] [[Contionary:so|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|so}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|/}}[[Contionary:oš|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|oš}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|?}} (im bac, i so/oš?)
+| I am fine, and you?
+|-
+| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:šun|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šu}}]] [[Contionary:vɛl|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vɛl}}]], [[Contionary:i|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|i}}]] [[Contionary:so|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|so}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|/}}[[Contionary:oš|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|oš}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|?}} (šu vɛl, i so/oš?)
+| I am fine, and you? <small>''(lit. "I do well, and you?")''</small>
+|-
+| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:ƕɔrs|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ƕɔrs}}]] [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|iš/šu}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|?}} (ƕɔrs iš/šu?)
+| where are you from?
+|-
+| style="font-style:normal;" | [[Contionary:víšyn|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|im}}]] [[Contionary:yf|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yf}}]]{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|...}} (im yf...)
+| I am from...
+|
+|}
+</div>
+===Numerals===
+===Swadesh list===
+===Colors===
+===Units of time===
+====Times of day====
+{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+! colspan="8" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|mélaš zy dávyn}} (''mélaš zy dávyn'')
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | [[File:Gothevian Flag.png|24px|frameless]]
+| [[Contionary:natt|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|natt}}]]<br />''natt''
+| [[Contionary:óttvy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|óttvy}}]]<br />''óttvy''
+| [[Contionary:mòvvy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|mòvvy}}]]<br />''mɔ́vvy''
+| [[Contionary:pland|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|pland}}]]<br />''pland''
+| [[Contionary:ysmáty|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|ysmáty}}]]<br />''ysmáty''
+| [[Contionary:lix|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|lix}}]]<br />''lix''
+| [[Contionary:yslíx|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|yslíx}}]]<br />''yslíx''
+|-
+! colspan="8" style="font-weight:bold;" |
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|24px|frameless]]
+| ''night''
+| ''dawn''
+| ''morning''
+| ''noon''
+| ''afternoon''
+| ''dusk''
+| ''evening''
+|}
+====Weekdays====
+{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+! colspan="8" | {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|vícɛinaš dávaš}} (''vícɛinaš dávaš'')
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | [[File:Gothevian Flag.png|24px|frameless]]
+| [[Contionary:Lúndy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Lúndy}}]]<br />''Lúndy''
+| [[Contionary:Márty|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Márty}}]]<br />''Márty''
+| [[Contionary:Mɛrkòdy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Mɛrkòdy}}]]<br />''Mɛrkɔ́dy''
+| [[Contionary:Đvódy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Đvódy}}]]<br />''Đvódy''
+| [[Contionary:Vɛnèrdy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Vɛnèrdy}}]]<br />''Vɛnɛ́rdy''
+| [[Contionary:Šambáty|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Šambáty}}]]<br />''Šambáty''
+| [[Contionary:Rèišty|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Rèišty}}]]<br />''Rɛ́išty''
+|-
+! colspan="8" style="font-weight:bold;" |
+|-
+! style="font-weight:bold;" | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|24px|frameless]]
+| ''Monday''
+| ''Tuesday''
+| ''Wednesday''
+| ''Thursday''
+| ''Friday''
+| ''Saturday''
+| ''Sunday''
+|}
+====Months====
+====Seasons====
 ==Sample texts==
+===''The Cold Winter is Near''===
+{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
+|-
+! [[File:Gothevian Flag.png|24px|frameless]] Gothevian
+!
+! [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|24px|frameless]] English
+|-
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Kádun žímun i nƕe, rytúny šta qímɛis.}}<br /><small><span style="color:grey">''(Kádun žímun i nƕe, rytúny šta qímɛis.)''</span></small>
+|
+| style="font-style:italic;" | The cold winter is near, a blizzard will come.<br /><br />
+|-
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Á-ɛl' ɛi nušt ínyn žèškyš rážyš my, o játɛl.}}<br /><small><span style="color:grey">''(Á-ɛl' ɛi nušt ínyn žɛ́škyš rážyš my, o játɛl.)''</span></small>
+|
+| style="font-style:italic;" | Come in my warm house, o' friend.<br /><br />
+|-
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Vɛl qòm'vyn! D'hírɛi, šívvɛi i tánsɛi aš, ícɛi i drítɛi!}}<br /><small><span style="color:grey">''(Vɛl qɔ́m'vyn! D'hírɛi, šívvɛi i tánsɛi aš, ícɛi i drítɛi!)''</span></small>
+|
+| style="font-style:italic;" | Welcome! Come here, sing and dance, eat and drink!<br /><br />
+|-
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Iš i plan my.}}<br /><small><span style="color:grey">''(Iš i plan my.)''</span></small>
+|
+| style="font-style:italic;" | That is my plan.<br /><br />
+|-
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Aim nušt vat, biwš, i niw milk yf qáwyn.}}<br /><small><span style="color:grey">''(Aim nušt vat, biwš, i niw milk yf qáwyn.)''</span></small>
+|
+| style="font-style:italic;" | We have water, beer, and fresh milk from the cow.<br /><br />
+|-
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Ax, i žèšky còbry!}}<br /><small><span style="color:grey">''(Ax, i žɛ́šky cɔ́bry!)''</span></small>
+|
+| style="font-style:italic;" | Oh, and warm soup!<br /><br />
+|}
+===''The North Wind and the Sun''===
+{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
+|-
+! [[File:Gothevian Flag.png|24px|frameless]] Gothevian
+!
+! [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|24px|frameless]] English
+|-
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Nòsryn i Šáwjlun ynšókynɔvyn ƕɔn zy cèđaš vas iw-šés, jaj raízar sɛrqímijus, bynsènđivyn ínyn žèškuš paízuš.}}<br /><small><span style="color:grey">''(Nɔ́sryn i Šáwjlun ynšókynɔvyn ƕɔn zy cɛ́đaš vas iw-šés, jaj raízar sɛrqímijus, bynsɛ́nđivyn ínyn žɛ́škuš paízuš.)''</span></small>
+|
+| style="font-style:italic;" | The North Wind and the Sun were disputing who of the two was stronger, when a traveler came along, wrapped around in a warm cloak.<br /><br /><br />
+|-
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Ynjánynɔvyn, ƕònuviš ma i byvándivyn raízaryn iš unšácais paízy šy, sar šta gydómynis ɛi iw-šés aj ásyryn.}}<br /><small><span style="color:grey">''(Ynjánynɔvyn, ƕɔ́nuviš ma i byvándivyn raízaryn iš unšácais paízy šy, sar šta gydómynis ɛi iw-šés aj ásyryn.)''</span></small>
+|
+| style="font-style:italic;" | They agreed, that whoever can force the traveler, so that he takes off his cloak, will then have to be deemed stronger than the other.<br /><br /><br />
+|-
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Nòsryn èöïjus san saf m'ájus, úžyf dy sávyš èöïjus, maížyš raízaryn házijus iw-bí paízy šy byn šɛ, i dygávijus ástumy.}}<br /><small><span style="color:grey">''(Nɔ́sryn ɛ́öïjus san saf m'ájus, úžyf dy sávyš ɛ́öïjus, maížyš raízaryn házijus iw-bí paízy šy byn šɛ, i dygávijus ástumy.)''</span></small>
+|
+| style="font-style:italic;" | The North Wind then blew as hard as he could, but the more he blew, the more closely did the traveler hold his cloak around himself, and at last he gave up.<br /><br /><br />
+|-
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Šáwjlun šcánijus san žèšky, i raízaryn unšácijus tríggy paízy šy.}}<br /><small><span style="color:grey">''(Šáwjlun šcánijus san žɛ́šky, i raízaryn unšácijus tríggy paízy šy.)''</span></small>
+|
+| style="font-style:italic;" | The Sun then shone warmly, and the traveler immediately took off his cloak.<br /><br />
+|-
+| {{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|Nòsryn sar ynèhaitijus ɛi, iš Šáwjlun vas iw-šézun.}}<br /><small><span style="color:grey">''(Nɔ́sryn sar ynɛ́haitijus ɛi, iš Šáwjlun vas iw-šézun.)''</span></small>
+|
+| style="font-style:italic;" | The North Wind was then obliged to confess that the Sun was the stronger [of the two].<br />
+|}
 ==See also==