|
|
| (29 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 4: |
Line 4: |
| |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | | |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] |
| |name = {{PAGENAME}} | | |name = {{PAGENAME}} |
| |nativename = ''Wieb-Muts'' | | |nativename = ''Wieber-Müđel'' |
| |pronunciation= | | |pronunciation= |
| |region = Wiebermein | | |region = Wiebermien |
| |familycolor=pfk | | |familycolor=pfk |
| |fam1= [[Proto-Pfeuno-K'aitian|Pfeuno-K'aitian]] | | |fam1= [[Quihum languages|Quihum]] |
| |fam2= [[Wiebian]] | | |fam2= [[Pfeunic languages|Pfeunic]] |
| | |fam3= [[Wiebian]] |
| |script=Wiebian script | | |script=Wiebian script |
| |iso3=qwb | | |iso3=qwb |
| Line 15: |
Line 16: |
| }} | | }} |
|
| |
|
| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is the ancestor language of [[Zwehrer]] and [[Gaufian|Gauf Wiebian]] lects.
| | ==Introduction== |
| ==Orthography== | | Middle Wiebian is inspired by Marathi. |
| :''See also: [[Wiebian/Script]].''
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Historical phonology==
| | ==Sound changes== |
| ===AW inventory===
| | *t tr d dr -> ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh -> ʈʂ ʈʂʰ ʈʂ(breathy) ʈʂʰ(breathy) |
| <poem>
| | *ŧ/sŧ/st ŧr/sŧr/str đ đr -> t th d dh -> t tʰ t(breathy) tʰ(breathy) |
| Ancient Wiebian:
| | *sp pf/pfr b br -> p ph b bh -> p pʰ p(breathy) pʰ(breathy) |
| ɪ iː ʏ yː ʊ uː
| | *sch -> ʂ |
| ɛ eː œ øː ɔ oː
| | *z s -> ts s |
| a aː
| | *schm schn schl schr -> mʰ nʰ lʰ ʂ -> m(breathy) n(breathy) l(breathy) ʂ |
| ɪɐ iːɐ ʏɐ yːɐ ʊɐ uːɐ
| | *f fr > f fʰ |
| ɛɐ eːɐ œɐ øːɐ ɔɐ oːɐ
| | *w > /w/ |
| aɐ aːɐ
| |
| aʊ aɪ ɔʏ
| |
| aʊɐ aɪɐ ɔʏɐ
| |
| ə
| |
| </poem>
| |
| ===Sound changes===
| |
| ====AW > Pre-OZw====
| |
| *Vʀɐ > Vɐ
| |
| *ɪɐ iːɐ > iɐ, ʏɐ yːɐ > yɐ, ʊɐ uːɐ > uɐ, aɐ a:ɐ > aɐ | |
| *ai > əi / _(voiceless) (after AV)
| |
| *au > əʊ / _(voiceless) | |
| *ɔʏ > əʏ / _(voiceless)
| |
| *əl > ʊ in unstressed syllables | |
| ====Initial changes====
| |
| *ts > s | |
| *Cv > Cw | |
| *Pr Br Fr r > ʈ ɖ ʂ ʐ
| |
| =====Aspiration=====
| |
| *sp/pf sb st sd sʈ sɖ s! sg! sk sg > pʰ bʰ tʰ dʰ ʈʰ ɖʰ !ʰ g!ʰ kʰ gʰ
| |
| *sv sz > wʰ s | |
| *sm sn > mʰ nʰ | |
|
| |
|
| =====Séimhiú=====
| | Allowed final consonants: p, t, k, m, n, ng and l |
| *Vp Vb Vt Vd Vʈ Vɖ V! Vg! Vk Vg > f v θ ð ʂ ʐ ɧ ɧ̬ x ɣ
| |
| *Vf Vv Vs Vz > ʔ ɦ h ɦ
| |
| *Vm Vl > v j
| |
| *aspirated consonants mutate the same as non-aspirated ones, except: mʰ > wʰ, nʰ > nʰ, lʰ > wʰ, wʰ > wʰ
| |
|
| |
|
| =====Urú=====
| |
| *np nb nt nd nʈ nɖ n! ng! nk ng > b m d n ɖ ɳ g! ŋ! g ŋ
| |
| *nf ns nɧ > v z ɧ̬
| |
| *nsm nsn > m n
| |
| *nsp nst nsʈ ns! (nsk) > mʰ nʰ ɳʰ ŋʰ! ŋʰ
| |
| *nsl > l
| |
| =====Pharyngealization split=====
| |
| *Cl, Cʀ > Cˁ
| |
| *s-ʀ > hˁ, ʀ > ʔˁ
| |
|
| |
|
| =====Other changes=====
| |
| *v > w
| |
|
| |
|
| ====Pre-OZw > OZw====
| | [[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Quihum languages]] |
| *a aː > æ æː
| |
| *ɛ i ɔ u œ y > æ e ɑ o æ ø / _Cɐ
| |
| *ɛː eː iː ɔː oː øː uː yː > ɛː eː ɔː œː oː øː / _Cɐ
| |
| *a e i ø y > ɔ ø y o u / _Cʊ
| |
| *aː ɛː eː iː ɔː øː yː> ɔː œː øː yː oː oː uː / _Cʊ
| |
| *final ɐ, ʊ lost
| |
| *ai aw ay > eː oː øː
| |
| *iɐ̯ eɐ̯ > iːa
| |
| *ɛɐ̯ > ɛː
| |
| *uɐ̯ oɐ̯ > uːa
| |
| *ɔɐ̯ > ɔː
| |
| *yɐ̯ > yːa
| |
| *œɐ̯ > œː
| |
| *aɐ̯ > æː
| |
| *ˁæ ˁe ˁi ˁo ˁø ˁu ˁy > ˁɑ ˁæ ˁe ˁɑ ˁæ ˁo ˁø
| |
| *ˁaː ˁeː ˁiː ˁoː ˁøː ˁuː ˁyː > ˁɑː ˁay ˁey ˁaw ˁoy ˁow ˁoy
| |
| *ˁVɐ̯ > ˁəa (if V != a)
| |
| *ˁaɐ̯ > ˁaː > ˁɑː
| |
| *æː eː iː oː uː øː yː > eː iː ai uː aw yː oy (GVS)
| |
| *əa > əː
| |
| *əi əu əy (both pharyngealized and unpharyngealized) > iː uː yː
| |
| | |
| ====AW > OZw finals====
| |
| *cluster ending in fricative > breathy tone, cluster lost w/ compensatory lengthening
| |
| *cluster ending in plosive > glottalized tone, cluster lost w/ compensatory lengthening
| |
| *-w results from the first consonant in the final being a labial (unless final is single /-p/)
| |
| *-j results from /ç, ɧ/ as the first consonant
| |
| | |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| ===Consonants===
| |
| | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
| |
| |+'''{{PAGENAME}} initials'''
| |
| ! colspan="2"|
| |
| !Labial
| |
| !Alveolar
| |
| !Retroflex
| |
| !Click
| |
| !Velar
| |
| !Uvular
| |
| !Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2"|Nasal
| |
| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
| |
| |/m̊/
| |
| |/n̊/
| |
| |/ɳ̊/
| |
| |/ŋ̊!/
| |
| |/ŋ̊/
| |
| |/ɴ̊/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>voiced</small>
| |
| |/m/
| |
| |/n/
| |
| |/ɳ/
| |
| |/ŋǃ/
| |
| |/ŋ/
| |
| |/ɴ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="3"|Stop
| |
| ! | <small>tenuis</small>
| |
| |/p/
| |
| |/t/
| |
| |/ʈ/
| |
| |/ǃ/
| |
| |/k/
| |
| |/q/
| |
| |/ʔ/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>aspirated</small>
| |
| |/pʰ/
| |
| |/tʰ/
| |
| |/ʈʰ/
| |
| |/ǃʰ/
| |
| |/kʰ/
| |
| |/qʰ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>voiced</small>
| |
| |/b/
| |
| |/d/
| |
| |/ɖ/
| |
| |/ɡǃ/
| |
| |/ɡ/
| |
| |/ɢ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2"|Spirants
| |
| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
| |
| |/f/
| |
| |/θ/
| |
| |
| |
| |/ɧ/
| |
| |/x/
| |
| |/χ/
| |
| |/h/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>voiced</small>
| |
| |
| |
| |/ð/
| |
| |
| |
| |/ɧ̬/
| |
| |/ɣ/
| |
| |/ʁ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2"|Sibilants
| |
| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
| |
| |
| |
| |/s/
| |
| |/ʂ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>voiced</small>
| |
| |
| |
| |/z/
| |
| |/ʐ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2"|Approximant
| |
| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
| |
| |/ʍ/
| |
| |/l̥/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>voiced</small>
| |
| |/w/
| |
| |/l/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| | |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
| |
| |+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
| |
| ! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front
| |
| ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
| |
| ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | /i/
| |
| | /iː/
| |
| | /y/
| |
| | /yː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | /u/
| |
| | /uː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Mid
| |
| | /e/
| |
| | /eː/
| |
| | /ø/
| |
| | /øː/
| |
| |
| |
| | /əː/
| |
| | /ɔ/
| |
| | /oː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open
| |
| | /æ/
| |
| | /æː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | /ɑ/
| |
| | /ɑː/
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa jaː wa wo uːa waː ɥa ɥø yːa ɥaː aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/
| |
| | |
| ===Tones (allophonic)===
| |
| *(-p m)
| |
| *(-p b)
| |
| *(-p g)
| |
| *(+p m)
| |
| *(+p b)
| |
| *(+p g)
| |
| | |
| ==Grammar==
| |
| For ordinal numerals: ''Schmielke'' 'order' e.g. ''wahm Schmielke Hauer'' 'the first king' (or ''Zwind''? any relation to ''zweid'' 'walk'?)
| |
| | |
| ==Phrasebook==
| |
| ''wahm, discher, narg, đauf, sälisch, stuhm, raut, lerz, pfarb, kier'':
| |
| | |
| we:m (-p m), dej (-p b), ne:k (-p g), g!u: (-p b), zi: (-p b), tʰaum (-p m), ʔaut (+p g), lja: (-p b), pʰe:p (-p g), kaiɐ̯ (-p m)
| |
| | |
| | |
| {{List subpages|caption=Related pages with more information}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]][[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]] | |
Introduction
Middle Wiebian is inspired by Marathi.
Sound changes
- t tr d dr -> ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh -> ʈʂ ʈʂʰ ʈʂ(breathy) ʈʂʰ(breathy)
- ŧ/sŧ/st ŧr/sŧr/str đ đr -> t th d dh -> t tʰ t(breathy) tʰ(breathy)
- sp pf/pfr b br -> p ph b bh -> p pʰ p(breathy) pʰ(breathy)
- sch -> ʂ
- z s -> ts s
- schm schn schl schr -> mʰ nʰ lʰ ʂ -> m(breathy) n(breathy) l(breathy) ʂ
- f fr > f fʰ
- w > /w/
Allowed final consonants: p, t, k, m, n, ng and l