Oltic: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language

|image = Oltic coat of arms.jpg

|name = Oltic

|nativename = Λῦτικη, Литике

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}}

'''Oltic''' /~~ˈɔʊltɪk~~/ (Oltic: Λῦτικη, Литике [[IPA for Oltic|[ɫîtike]]]) is a Celtic language spoken by the intersection of the rivers Olt and Danube.

'''Oltic''' /ˈoʊltɪk/ (Oltic: Λῦτικη, Литике [[IPA for Oltic|[ɫîtike]]]) is a Celtic language spoken by the intersection of the rivers Olt and Danube.

==Etymology==

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| /ⁿd/ || /xs/ || /o̞/ || /e/ || /u/ || /p/ || /r,ʑ/ || /s/

|-

! Τ τ !! Υ υ !! Υι υι !! Φ φ !! Χ χ ~~!! Ψ ψ~~ !! Ω ω !! Ϝ ϝ

! Τ τ !! Υ υ !! Υι υι !! Φ φ !! Χ χ !! Ω ω !! Ϝ ϝ

|-

| /t/ || /i,f,m,v/ || /i/ || /f/ || /x,ɕ~~/ || /fs~~/ || /o̞/ || /ɣʷ,ɥ/

| /t/ || /i,f,m,v/ || /i/ || /f/ || /x,ɕ/ || /o̞/ || /ɣʷ,ɥ/

|-

! ά !! ᾶ !! ὰ !! colspan=3 | !! Ϊ ϊ !! Ϋ ϋ

! ά !! ᾶ !! ὰ !! colspan=2 | !! Ϊ ϊ !! Ϋ ϋ

|-

| /á/ || /â/ || /ǎ/ || colspan=3 | || /i,j/ || /i,j/

| /á/ || /â/ || /ǎ/ || colspan=2 | || /i,j/ || /i,j/

|}

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|-

! colspan="2"| {{gcl|1}}

μί || σνίς || μοί || ὰσρον || ζεῖμ || μίζε

| μί || σνίς || μοί || ὰσρον || ζεῖμ || μίζε

|-

! colspan="2"| {{gcl|2}}

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| colspan="2"| πίδ

|-

! {{gcl|INDEF}}

! colspan="2"| {{gcl|INDEF}}

| colspan="2"| πέ

|-

! {{gcl|NEG}}

! colspan="2"| {{gcl|NEG}}

| colspan="2"| νέπε

|}

===Verbs===

Verbs inflect for tense, aspect, mood, voice, and subject person and number. Some verbs have suppletive marking for future tense.

Verbs inflect for tense, aspect, mood, voice (though some verbs are deponent), and subject person and number. Some verbs have suppletive marking for future tense.

{| class="IPA wikitable"

! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 1st ~~declension~~ !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}

! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 1st Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}

|-

! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}

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|}

{| class="IPA wikitable"

! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 2nd ~~declension~~ !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}

! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 2nd Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}

|-

! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}

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|}

{| class="IPA wikitable"

! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 3rd ~~declension~~ !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}

! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 3rd Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}

|-

! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}

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|}

{| class="IPA wikitable"

! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 4th ~~declension~~ !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}

! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 4th Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}

|-

! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}

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*Active gerunds are consonant-stem nouns, and outside of nominative singular end in ''-ν-''.

*Mediopassive gerunds are o-stem nouns.

Some 1st-conjugation verbs with historical *-y- infixes have irregular changes in ''-τ-'' forms and ''-ζος'', most often loss of stem-final ''ι-'', "shortening" of the previous vowel (''η, ει, ωυ'' becoming ''α, ε, ο'' and/or falling tone becoming high or rising tone), or stem-final ''ζ-'' becoming a different consonant.

====Copula====

The copula inflects for the same categories as other verbs, plus positive and negative forms, and prohibitive forms of the negative.

===Adjectives===

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===Negation===

~~Most~~ negation is marked with a preclitic ''νε''. A prefix ''αν-'' is also often used to negate adjectives, and is used derivationally in adjectives and other parts of speech.

Noun, adjective, and adverb negation is marked with a preclitic ''νε''. A prefix ''αν-'' is also often used to negate adjectives and adverbs, and is used derivationally in adjectives and other parts of speech.

Verb negation is marked with a preceding negative copula; the negated verb is variably marked as if not negated or as a participle modifying the negative copula.

===Numerals===

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'''Ωύλοι ζόνιοι χρίοι άπε αυκεῖντινοι δίγνιτης άπε κωὺραχτον γῆνοντο. Χρόδηντο μέγμαναν άπε κονθῶγνιγϝον άπε λίγοντο γνίοντοι σεῖ αῦρε βρῆτιι ὰνζι.

'''~~Овли зоњи хрии~~ апе ~~афћендини~~ дињитѣс апе коврахтон генондо. Хродѣндо мегманан апе конфоњинвон апе логондо ~~љионди~~ се авре врѣтии анзи.

'''Овле зоње хрие апе афћендине дињитѣс апе коврахтон генондо. Хродѣндо мегманан апе конфоњинвон апе логондо љионде се авре врѣтии анзи.

{{interlinear

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{construction}}
 {{Infobox language
+|image             = Oltic coat of arms.jpg
 |name              = Oltic
 |nativename        = Λῦτικη, Литике
@@ Line 18: / Line 19: @@
 }}
-'''Oltic''' /ˈɔʊltɪk/ (<small>Oltic:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">Λῦτικη, Литике [[IPA for Oltic|[ɫîtike]]]</span>) is a Celtic language spoken by the intersection of the rivers Olt and Danube.
+'''Oltic''' /ˈoʊltɪk/ (<small>Oltic:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">Λῦτικη, Литике [[IPA for Oltic|[ɫîtike]]]</span>) is a Celtic language spoken by the intersection of the rivers Olt and Danube.
 ==Etymology==
@@ Line 44: / Line 45: @@
 | /ⁿd/ || /xs/ || /o̞/ || /e/ || /u/ || /p/ || /r,ʑ/ || /s/
 |-
-! Τ τ !! Υ υ !! Υι υι !! Φ φ !! Χ χ !! Ψ ψ !! Ω ω !! Ϝ ϝ
+! Τ τ !! Υ υ !! Υι υι !! Φ φ !! Χ χ !! Ω ω !! Ϝ ϝ
 |-
-| /t/ || /i,f,m,v/ || /i/ || /f/ || /x,ɕ/ || /fs/ || /o̞/ || /ɣʷ,ɥ/
+| /t/ || /i,f,m,v/ || /i/ || /f/ || /x,ɕ/ || /o̞/ || /ɣʷ,ɥ/
 |-
-! ά !! ᾶ !! ὰ !! colspan=3 | !! Ϊ ϊ !! Ϋ ϋ
+! ά !! ᾶ !! ὰ !! colspan=2 | !! Ϊ ϊ !! Ϋ ϋ
 |-
-| /á/ || /â/ || /ǎ/ || colspan=3 | || /i,j/ || /i,j/
+| /á/ || /â/ || /ǎ/ || colspan=2 | || /i,j/ || /i,j/
 |}
@@ Line 334: / Line 335: @@
 |-
 ! colspan="2"| {{gcl|1}}
-μί || σνίς || μοί || ὰσρον || ζεῖμ || μίζε
+| μί || σνίς || μοί || ὰσρον || ζεῖμ || μίζε
 |-
 ! colspan="2"| {{gcl|2}}
@@ Line 356: / Line 357: @@
 | colspan="2"| πίδ
 |-
-! {{gcl|INDEF}}
+! colspan="2"| {{gcl|INDEF}}
 | colspan="2"| πέ
 |-
-! {{gcl|NEG}}
+! colspan="2"| {{gcl|NEG}}
 | colspan="2"| νέπε
 |}
 ===Verbs===
-Verbs inflect for tense, aspect, mood, voice, and subject person and number. Some verbs have suppletive marking for future tense.
+Verbs inflect for tense, aspect, mood, voice (though some verbs are deponent), and subject person and number. Some verbs have suppletive marking for future tense.
 {| class="IPA wikitable"
-! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 1st declension !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}
+! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 1st Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}
 |-
 ! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}
@@ Line 412: / Line 413: @@
 |}
 {| class="IPA wikitable"
-! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 2nd declension !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}
+! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 2nd Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}
 |-
 ! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}
@@ Line 457: / Line 458: @@
 |}
 {| class="IPA wikitable"
-! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 3rd declension !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}
+! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 3rd Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}
 |-
 ! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}
@@ Line 502: / Line 503: @@
 |}
 {| class="IPA wikitable"
-! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 4th declension !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}
+! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 4th Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}
 |-
 ! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}
@@ Line 550: / Line 551: @@
 *Active gerunds are consonant-stem nouns, and outside of nominative singular end in ''-ν-''.
 *Mediopassive gerunds are o-stem nouns.
+Some 1st-conjugation verbs with historical *-y- infixes have irregular changes in ''-τ-'' forms and ''-ζος'', most often loss of stem-final ''ι-'', "shortening" of the previous vowel (''η, ει, ωυ'' becoming ''α, ε, ο'' and/or falling tone becoming high or rising tone), or stem-final ''ζ-'' becoming a different consonant.
+====Copula====
+The copula inflects for the same categories as other verbs, plus positive and negative forms, and prohibitive forms of the negative.
+{{lyti-table-cop}}
 ===Adjectives===
@@ Line 750: / Line 758: @@
 ===Negation===
-Most negation is marked with a preclitic ''νε''. A prefix ''αν-'' is also often used to negate adjectives, and is used derivationally in adjectives and other parts of speech.
+Noun, adjective, and adverb negation is marked with a preclitic ''νε''. A prefix ''αν-'' is also often used to negate adjectives and adverbs, and is used derivationally in adjectives and other parts of speech.
+Verb negation is marked with a preceding negative copula; the negated verb is variably marked as if not negated or as a participle modifying the negative copula.
 ===Numerals===
@@ Line 796: / Line 806: @@
 '''Ωύλοι ζόνιοι χρίοι άπε αυκεῖντινοι δίγνιτης άπε κωὺραχτον γῆνοντο. Χρόδηντο μέγμαναν άπε κονθῶγνιγϝον άπε λίγοντο γνίοντοι σεῖ αῦρε βρῆτιι ὰνζι.
-'''Овли зоњи хрии апе афћендини дињитѣс апе коврахтон генондо. Хродѣндо мегманан апе конфоњинвон апе логондо љионди се авре врѣтии анзи.
+'''Овле зоње хрие апе афћендине дињитѣс апе коврахтон генондо. Хродѣндо мегманан апе конфоњинвон апе логондо љионде се авре врѣтии анзи.
 {{interlinear