Vexilian: Difference between revisions
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===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Vexilian has 45 consonants and 13 vowels. At the left of each cell in the table below is the [[w:phoneme|phoneme]], and at the | Vexilian has 45 consonants and 13 vowels. At the left of each cell in the table below is the [[w:phoneme|phoneme]], and at the left its transliterated representation if it is not written the same in IPA as in written vexilian. The consonants are as follows: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|y [j] | |y [j] | ||
ÿ[ɥ] | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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ṗ [ʙ̥] | ṗ [ʙ̥] | ||
| | | | ||
| | |r (r̪) | ||
| | |ŗ (r̝) | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
|l | |l | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
|o̞ (o) | |o̞ (o) | ||
ɤ̞ (ǫ) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Near-Open | |Near-Open | ||
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Vexilian is | Vexilian present a very ample phonetic inventory | ||
the | The vocalic system distinguishes short and long vowels with nasal and long nasal variants | ||
'''Syllabic structure''' | |||
* | |||
* The maximum syllabic structure is C(C)V(C) | |||
* | |||
* Most syllables start with a consonant. | |||
* | |||
* A 2 element consonant group is allowed, where the second is always an approximant (/j w ɥ/) or a liquid consonant (/l r/). | |||
* | |||
* Affricates and ejectives count as a single segment in the syllabic structure. | |||
* | |||
* Nucleus: | |||
* | |||
* It can contain a long, short, nasal, or long nasal vowel. | |||
* | |||
* Dipthongs are exclusively decrescent (ej. [ei̯], [au̯]). | |||
* | |||
'''Coda:''' | |||
Nasalized coda assimilates its articulation point to the next consonant. | |||
'''Phonologic processes:''' | |||
* Nasal assimilation: /n/ adopts the articulation point of the previous consonant (/n/ → [ŋ] on velar/uvular consonants, /n/ → [ɲ] on palatal consonants). | |||
* | |||
* Vowel reduction: On a atone syllable, short vowels often get reduced to /ə/, except for /i/, which reduces to [ɪ]. | |||
* | |||
* Glotal epenthesis: Between 2 identical vowels in sequence, /ʔ/ gets inserted to avoid hiatus. | |||
* | |||
* Lenition: Voiced stops get turned into fricatives between vowels (/b/ → [β], /d/ → [ð], /ɡ/ → [ɣ]). | |||
* | |||
* Emphatic glottalization: In poetic or ritual contexts, certain words are pronounced with an additional glottal stop, even if they're not graphically represented. | |||
* | |||
'''Distribution of /t͡s/, /t͡sʼ/ and /d͡z/:''' | |||
/t͡s/, /t͡sʼ/ y /d͡z/ behave like coronal consonants. They're frequent on initial and middle pose, but they rarely appear in coda. | |||
'''Neutralized eyectives in coda''' | |||
Ejective stops lose their audible release at the end of a word: | |||
/pʼ/ → [p̚] | |||
/tʼ/ → [t̚] | |||
/kʼ/ → [k̚] | |||
/qʼ/ → [q̚] | |||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
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'''Example:''' | '''Example:''' | ||
'' | ''Kapikožukçekę | ||
Ka-piko- | Ka-piko-žuk-çe-kę'' | ||
''¿Did you see me?'' (Ka = past, piko = interrogative | ''¿Did you see me?'' (Ka = past, piko = interrogative, žuk = see, çe = object "me", kę = 2nd person indicator) | ||
===Sentence phrase=== | ===Sentence phrase=== | ||
Evidentiality prefix + time/mode prefixes + Verbal root + object incorporation + Derivative sufixes + Subject marks | Evidentiality prefix + time/mode prefixes + Verbal root + object incorporation + Derivative sufixes + Subject marks | ||
Ƹasašaŋghotiłęɂ | Ƹasašaŋghotiłęɂ | ||
Ӏасашаңгһотиԓэь | |||
عَسَشَڭگھۆتِڷها | |||
עַסַשַנּגהֹתִלְּא | |||
/ʕäsäʃäŋɡʰo̞t̪iɬəʔ/ | |||
Ƹa-sa-šaŋ-ghoti-łę-ɂ | Ƹa-sa-šaŋ-ghoti-łę-ɂ | ||
= "[I] will make [myself] eat a fish (and i see it)." | = "[I] will make [myself] eat a fish (and i see it)." | ||
* Ƹa-: Direct evidential (i see it). | |||
* sa-: Future. | |||
* šaŋ: Root "eat". | |||
* ghoti: incorporated object ("fish"). | |||
* łę: Causative. | |||
* ɂ: First person. | |||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
<!-- etc. etc. --> | <!-- etc. etc. --> | ||
==Numbers== | ==Numbers== | ||
Unlike most languages, vexilian uses a septenary numeral system since they have 5 fingers on each hand and 2 toes on each foot. The numbers are as follows. | |||
* 0: Xa | |||
* 1₇: Yx | |||
* 2₇: Hosf | |||
* 3₇: Łañ | |||
* 4₇: Nęn̈ꝗi | |||
* 5₇: Qeq̇ | |||
* 6₇: Kǫǫs | |||
* 10₇: Xłereq̇ | |||
* 100₇: Yuz | |||
* 1000₇: Čæn | |||
* -illion₇: -nonok' | |||
===Examples of more complex numbers=== | |||
* 13₇: Xłereq̇-ha-Łañ (ten and three) | |||
* 41₇: Nęn̈ꝗi-Xłereq̇-ha-Yx (Four tens and one) | |||
* 123₇: Yuz-Hosf-Xłereq̇-ha-Łañ (Hundred two tens and three) | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. --> | <!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. --> | ||
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[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
[[Category:Scripts]] | |||