Verse:Mwail/Qocwane: Difference between revisions
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''' | '''Qocwane''' (''Qocwanet vŷŷxxŷcê'') is the official language of Qocwane, located in our timeline's Hungary. It is inspired by Finnish, Wakashan languages, Salishan languages, and Nuosu. | ||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
=== Suprasegmentals === | |||
Qocwane prosody is almost the same as Finnish; stress always falls on the first syllable. | |||
=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
/m n | * /m n l ʋ j w/ '''m n l v j w''' | ||
* /p t ts tɬ k kʷ ʔ/ '''p t z x c cw q''' | |||
* /f s ɬ x xʷ h/ '''f s ł ç çw h''' | |||
/k x/ palatalize in words with ATR harmony and may uvularize in words with RTR harmony. | |||
'''mm nn ll vv jj ww pp tt zz xx cc ccw qq''' are the only allowed geminates in native words. | |||
=== Vowels === | === Vowels === | ||
Qocwane has 8 vowel qualities, all with vowel length. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
!rowspan=2 colspan=2| | !rowspan=2 colspan=2| | ||
| Line 19: | Line 26: | ||
| | | | ||
| z̩ '''ŷ''' | | z̩ '''ŷ''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | <small>tight</small> | ! scope="row" | <small>tight</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| z̠̩ '''y''' | | z̠̩ '''y''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | Close | ! scope="row" | Close | ||
! scope="row" | <small>loose</small> | ! scope="row" | <small>loose</small> | ||
| | | i{{lowered}} '''ê''' | ||
| ə '''â''' | | ə{{adv}} '''â''' | ||
| | | u{{lowered}} '''ô''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Open-mid | ! Open-mid | ||
| Line 44: | Line 51: | ||
|} | |} | ||
Qocwane has loose/tight vowel harmony: | |||
* loose: ŷ ŵ ê â ô | * loose: '''ŷ ŵ ê â ô''' | ||
* tight: y w e a o | * tight: '''y w e a o''' | ||
Diphthongs: '''ea êâ oa ôâ ae âê ao âô''' | |||
/ə(:)/ is realized as [œ(:)] when stressed. | '''â(â)''' /ə(:)/ is realized as [œ(:)] when stressed. | ||
''oa'' is often realized as [ɔ:] | ''oa'' is often realized as [ɔ:] | ||
<!--The syllabic consonants y(r) u(r) are essentially the usual Sinological vowels ɿ ʮ, so ⟨y⟩ can be identified with the vowel of the Mandarin 四 sì "four", but they have diverse realizations. Y(r) completely assimilates to a preceding coronal except in voice, e.g. /ɕz̩˨˩/ [ɕʑ̩˨˩] ꑮ xyp "to marry", and is [m͡l̩] after a labial nasal, e.g. /m̥z̩˧sz̩˧/ [m̥m͡l̩˧sɹ̩˧] ꂪꌦ hmy sy "cloth". U(r) assimilates similarly after laterals, retaining its rounding, e.g. /l̥v̩ʷ˧/ [l̥l̩ʷ˧] ꆭ hlu "to stir-fry", and is [m̩ʷ] after a labial nasal, e.g. /m̥v̩ʷ˧/ [m̥m̩ʷ˧] ꂥ hmu "mushroom"; moreover it induces a labially trilled release of preceding labial or alveolar stops, e.g. /ⁿdv̩ʷ˨˩/ [ⁿdʙβ̩˨˩] ꅥ ndup "to hit". --> | <!--The syllabic consonants y(r) u(r) are essentially the usual Sinological vowels ɿ ʮ, so ⟨y⟩ can be identified with the vowel of the Mandarin 四 sì "four", but they have diverse realizations. Y(r) completely assimilates to a preceding coronal except in voice, e.g. /ɕz̩˨˩/ [ɕʑ̩˨˩] ꑮ xyp "to marry", and is [m͡l̩] after a labial nasal, e.g. /m̥z̩˧sz̩˧/ [m̥m͡l̩˧sɹ̩˧] ꂪꌦ hmy sy "cloth". U(r) assimilates similarly after laterals, retaining its rounding, e.g. /l̥v̩ʷ˧/ [l̥l̩ʷ˧] ꆭ hlu "to stir-fry", and is [m̩ʷ] after a labial nasal, e.g. /m̥v̩ʷ˧/ [m̥m̩ʷ˧] ꂥ hmu "mushroom"; moreover it induces a labially trilled release of preceding labial or alveolar stops, e.g. /ⁿdv̩ʷ˨˩/ [ⁿdʙβ̩˨˩] ꅥ ndup "to hit". --> | ||
== Morphophonology == | |||
Qocwane words participate in consonant gradation: | |||
strong -> weak | |||
* geminates -> nongeminates | |||
* p -> f | |||
* f -> v | |||
* t -> ł | |||
* ł -> l | |||
* z -> s | |||
* s -> h | |||
* x -> ł | |||
* c -> ç | |||
* cw -> çw | |||
* ç -> j | |||
* çw -> w | |||
* q -> 0 | |||
== Grammar == | == Grammar == | ||
Finnic-like | Finnic-like | ||
=== Nouns === | |||
8 to 10 cases, normal nom-acc alignment | |||
TODO | |||
[weak grade]-l = nom pl | |||
[weak grade]-t = gen sg | |||
naaqe 'human’, naaet 'human-GEN’, naael 'human-PL' | |||