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Zinou Creole: Difference between revisions

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==Introduction | Tamheed ==
==Introduction==


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 138: Line 138:
|-
|-
!i
!i
|i î ee y
|i ee y
!u
!u
|ou u oo ù
|ou oo ù
!u̯e
!u̯e
|oê we
|oë we
|}
|}


==Morphology==
==Pronouns==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
Pronouns are words that replace nouns in sentences, serving to avoid repetition. They are categorised into four distinct types: Personal pronouns '''(Dâmir Chaksi)''', which refer to specific individuals; Demonstrative pronouns '''(Dâmir Ichâré)''', used to indicate specific entities or objects; Interrogative pronouns '''(Dâmir Porsech)''', which are employed to ask questions; and Relative pronouns '''(Dâmir Maouçool)''', which introduce relative clauses and provide additional information about a noun.
 
=== Personal Pronouns ===
Personal pronouns are linguistic elements that serve to distinguish between deictic references to participants in an event, typically categorized into three groups: the speaker (first person) ('''Parlânt'''), the addressee (second person) ('''Dêtinatär'''), and others (third person) ('''Nùqtâ'''). Zinou identifies six subsets of personal pronouns: subject ('''Àmel'''), object ('''Girandé'''), possessive ('''Malik'''), disjunctive ('''Nettisàl'''), as well as reflexive ('''Réfléchi''') and intensive ('''Taôkidee''') forms.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Subject
! rowspan="2" |Object
! colspan="2" |Possessive
! rowspan="2" |Disjunctive
! rowspan="2" |Reflexive
! rowspan="2" |Intensive
|-
!Isolated
!Enclitic
!Singular
!Plural
|-
! rowspan="3" |Singular
!1st Person
|Man
|M'
|Yi, Yee, Ye
|Myan, Mian, Mïan
|Myen, Mien, Mïen
|Moi, Mwa
|Nafsi, Nafsy, Nafsee, Nafcy, Nafci, Nafcee
|Hàli, Hàly, Hàlee, Hâli, Hâly, Hâlee
|-
!2nd Person
|Tou
|T'
|Yek
|Tyan, Tian, Tïan
|Tyen, Tien, Tïen
|Toi, Twa
|Nafsek, Nafcek
|Hàlek, Hâlek
|-
!3rd Person
|Li
|L'
|Ya
|Syan, Sian, Sïan
|Syen, Sien, Sïen
|Soi, Swa
|Nafsa, Nafça
|Hàlha, Hâlha
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plural
!1st Person
|Nou
|N'
|Ina
|Nyan, Nian, Nïan
|Nyen, Nien, Nïen
|Nou
|Nafsna
|Hàlna, Hâlna
|-
!2nd Person
|Zòt
|Z'
|Ikom
|Zyan, Zian, Zïan
|Zyen, Zien, Zïen
|Vou
|Nafskom
|Hàlkom, Hâlkom
|-
!3rd Person
|Hinne
|H'
|Ihom
|Yan
|Yen
|Eux
|Nafsom
|Hàlom, Hâlom,
|}
'''
Subject pronouns indicate who or what performs the verb's action. They come in paired forms: Isolated ('''Izolé''') and Enclitic ('''Mottasèl'''), with no grammatical difference and are used the same way. Enclitic forms are primarily used when the following word begins with a vowel, y, or w.
 
* '''M''''a étud kimya, fizya y biologia "I've studied chemistry, physics & biology."
* '''Li''' 3ando maïl à trichant "He has a penchant for cheating."
 
Object pronouns indicate the direct object of a transitive verb (similar to Englishː "me", "you," "him", etc.) If an object pronoun is used, then it is placed in between the subject & the verb, forming an SOV sentence. This remains unchanged even if tense particles appear in a sentence.
 
* M’'''ya''' andåm "I put her to sleep."
* M’'''ya''' ro andåm "I’ll put her to sleep."
 
Possessive pronouns indicate ownership and replace noun phrases. They stand alone and don't need to be followed by a noun. The possessive pronoun must agree to the grammatical number of the object being owned, whether implied or stated.
 
* çé ta zæhré ou '''mian'''? "Is this your flower or mine?"
* çé ta lé zæhré ou '''mien'''? "Are these your flowers or mine?"


<!-- Here are some example subcategories:


Nouns
Disjunctive pronouns are the strong forms of pronouns, used for emphasis or on their own. They serve various functions and are used in the following situations:
Adjectives
Verbs
Adverbs
Particles
Derivational morphology


-->
# as objects of prepositions:
# in dislocated positionsː
# in cleft sentences:
# in compound noun phrases:
# as emphatic subjectsː
# as objects of verbs in the imperativeː "'''don moi'''." Give me.


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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