Adamic Code: Difference between revisions

'''Adamic''' (אדמס קעל, ''ādamja qafl'', [[w:Help:IPA|[àːˈdämi̯a ˈɦäfl]]]) is a [[Philosophical language|philosophical]] [[ab interiori language]] of the [[w:mesolithic|Mesolithic]] that consists on naming roots and applying grammatical patterns through [[w:Nonconcatenative morphology|introflection]].

It's cultivated form is known as [[Canonic Code|Canonic Code]], where the transitional tables take hold over grammatical features.

| 1A || {{Yes|Moderately small (15-18), Average (19-25)<br>e.g. ''n̥, m, p, b, f, v, l̥, r, t, d, t͡s, ʔ, h, ɦ, k, g, s, z, (pˀ), (bˀ), (tˀ), (dˀ), (kˀ), (gˀ)''}}

| 2A || {{Yes|Small vowel inventory (2-4), Average vowel inventory (5-6)<br>e.g. ''i, a, u, (e), (ɨ~ʉ), (o)''}}

| 33A || {{Yes|Plural suffix<br>Plural stem change<br>e.g. ''lût'' "whale", ''lúvācit'' "whales"}}

| 34A || {{Yes|Plural in all nouns, always obligatory<br>e.g. ''liviatan'' "whale", ''liviatanān'' "whales"}}

| 35A || {{Yes|Person stem with a nominal plural affix<br>e.g. ''anu'' "I", ''anunā'' "we"}}

| 36A || {{Yes|Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals<br>e.g. ''zaûlirau'' "the Sun and the Moon"}}

| 37A || {{Yes| Definite word distinct from demonstrative / Definite affix on noun<br>e.g. ''liviatan iruci'' "the whale", ''liviatan ikuci'' "this whale"}}

| 38A || {{Yes|Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'<br>e.g. ''liviatan aruci'' "a whale", ''liviatan ikisu'' "one whale"}}

| 42A || {{Yes|Different inflectional features<br>e.g. ''liviatan iku'' "this whale", ''aiku'' "this"}}

| 43A || {{No|Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives<br>e.g. ''asu'' "he", ''aiku'' "this"}}

| 44A || {{Yes|Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person<br>e.g. ''asu'' "he", ''asȳ'' "she"}}

| 45A || {{No|Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction<br>e.g. ''atu'' "you"}}

| 46A || {{Yes|Special indefinites<br>e.g. ''auru'' "something/someone", ''suma'' ~ ''sam'' "who?"}}

| 47A || {{Yes|Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated<br>e.g. ''sās āk’pá'' "he killed himself", ''asura'' "he himself"}}

| 48A || {{No|Adpositions without person marking<br>e.g. ''ām'' "before"}}

| 49A || {{Yes|6-7 case categories<br>e.g. Nominative, Accusative, Dative, Copulative, Ergative, and Genitive}}

| 50A || {{Yes|Symmetrical case-marking<br>e.g. ''liviatan irici'' "to the whale", ''ani'' "to me"}}

| 51A || {{Yes|Mixed morphological case strategies with none primary<br>e.g. ''liviatan irici'' "to the whale"}}

| 52A || {{Yes|Differentiation<br>e.g. ''liviatan iruki'' "with the whale" (comitative), ''liviatan irubi'' "with the whale" (instrumental)}}

| 53A || {{Yes|Variou-th: Other solutions<br>e.g. ''kahs'' "one", ''kis'' "first"}}

| 54A || {{Yes|Marked by mixed or other strategies<br>e.g. ''khi'' "one each"}}

| 55A || {{No|Numeral classifiers are absent}}

| 57A || {{Yes|Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary}}

| 58A || {{No|No obligatorily possessed nouns<br>e.g. ''kî’n'' "clock"}}

| 58B || {{No|None reported<br>e.g. ''kî’n'' "clock"}}

| 59A || {{No|No possessive classification<br>e.g. ''kî’in irici liviatan'' "the whale's clock"}}

| 60A || {{Yes|Highly differentiated<br>e.g. ''kî’in irici liviatan'' "the whale's clock", ''mur liviatan iruci'' "the dead whale"}}

| 61A || {{Yes|Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix<br>e.g. ''mur liviatan'' "dead whale", ''mura'' "dead one"}}

| 62A || {{Yes|Possessive-Accusative: S/A treated as possessors, P retains sentential marking<br>e.g. ''bîbli nira aúdutas'' "my writing of the book"}}

!Situational Possibility

| 74A || {{Yes|The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs<br>e.g. ''murúka'' "can die"}}

!Epistemic Possibility

| 75A || {{Yes|The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs<br>e.g. ''murîva'' "must have died"}}

|-

| 76A || {{Yes|The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality<br>e.g. ''murîma'' "must have died" (situational), ''murîva'' "must have died" (epistemic)}}

|-

| 77A || {{Yes|Only indirect evidentials<br>e.g. ''murî fī'' "seems to have died"}}

!Coding of Evidentiality

| 78A || {{Yes|Separate particle<br>e.g. ''fī'' "apparently"}}

!Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect

| 79A || {{No|No suppletion in tense or aspect<br>e.g. ''agulá'' "he eats", ''āgulá'' "he ate"}}

!Verbal Number and Suppletion

| 80A || {{Yes|Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion<br>e.g. ''agulá'' "he eats", ''agulâ'' "they eat"}}

!Order of Subject, Object and Verb

| 81A || {{Yes|Object-subject-verb (OSV)<br>e.g. ''bîblira siktí abūlá'' "the philosopher reads the book"}}

|-

!Order of Subject and Verb

|-

| 83A || {{Yes|Both orders with neither order dominant}}

|-

| 84A || {{Yes|Oblique-object-verb (XOV)<BR>e.g. ''ati asa āgilá-nu'' "I gave it to you"}}

| 85A || {{Yes|Postpositions}}

|-

| 86A || {{Yes|Noun-genitive (NGen)<BR>e.g. ''bîbli iri saíkat'' "the philosopher's book"}}

|-

| 87A || {{Yes|Modifying adjective precedes noun (AdjN)}}

!Order of Demonstrative and Noun

| 88A || {{Yes|Demonstrative word follows noun (NDem)<BR>e.g. ''bîbl iku'' "this book"}}

!Order of Numeral and Noun

| 89A || {{Yes|Numeral follows noun (NNum)}}

!Order of Relative Clause and Noun

| 90A || {{Yes|Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant}}

|-

| 91A || {{Yes|Degree word follows adjective (AdjDeg)<BR>e.g. ''gīg'' "big" ⇒ ''gīgug'' "very big"}}

| 92A || {{No|No question particle<BR>e.g. ''ikut 'āliú-tu?'' "are you here?"}}

!Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions

| 97A || {{Yes|Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types}}

| 101A || {{Yes|Pronominal subjects are expressed by clitics with variable host}}

| 102A || {{Yes|Person marking of both the A and P arguments}}

!Order of Person Markers on the Verb

| 104A || {{Yes|A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb<BR>e.g. ''ata aqilá-nu'' "I see you"}}

|-

!Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'

| 106A || {{Yes|The reciprocal and reflexive constructions are formally identical.<BR>e.g. ''amālâ-sāns'' "they love each other", "they love themselves"}}

| 108A || {{Yes|Antipassive with patient-like argument left implicit<BR>e.g. ''asȳ amālá-su'' "he loves her"> ''sā amālá'' "he loves"}}

|-

| 110A || {{Yes|Both sequential type and purposive type}}

| 111A || {{Yes|Morphological type but no compound type<BR>e.g. ''asis m’alá-sȳ'' "he makes her love him"}}

|-

| 112A || {{Yes|Negative particle<BR>e.g. ''la'' "not"}}

|-

| 113A || {{Yes|Symmetric standard negation only: Type Sym<BR>e.g. ''amālú'' "I love it", ''l-amālú'' "I do not love it"}}

!Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation

| 114A || {{Yes|Non-assignable (no asymmetry found)}}

|-

!Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation

| 115A || {{Yes|Negative indefinites preclude predicate negation<BR>e.g. ''āin amālá'' "no one loves it", ''lāin amālá'' "someone does not love it"}}

|-

| 116A || {{Yes|Interrogative intonation only<BR>e.g. ''ana amālí'' "you love me", "do you love me?'}}

|-

| 117A || {{Yes|Have-Possessive<BR>e.g. ''kûnarān ’ûvil apālá'' "the man has dogs"}}

|-

| 118A || {{Yes|Predicative adjectives have mixed encoding<BR>e.g. ''’ûvil mur-us'', ''’ûl iru mur'' "the man is dead"}}

| 119A || {{Yes|Split (i.e. different) encoding of nominal and locational predication<BR>e.g. ''iskít iru ’ûl''  "the philosopher is the person", ... in the library}}

|-

| 120A || {{Yes|Predicative adjectives have mixed encoding<BR>e.g. ''’ûvil mur-us'', ''’ûl iru mur'' "the man is dead"}}

|-

| 121A || {{Yes|Locational Comparative<BR>e.g. ''kúfin saíkat iru gugīg'' "the philosopher is bigger than the dog"}}

|-

| 122A || {{Yes|Relative pronoun<BR>e.g. ''babál nā sa, bîbliru" "the book which is being read by me"}}

|-

| 123A || {{Yes|Relative Pronoun Strategy<BR>e.g. ''ākavú-nu asa sȳ, kiâvirub'' "the knife with which I cut him"}}

|-

| 124A || {{Yes|'Want' is expressed as a desiderative verbal affix<BR>e.g. ''túqula sān iūl'' "it is said that they want to speak"}}

|-

| 125A || {{Yes|Balanced<BR>e.g. ''úqula ā’â’s'' "they came to speak"}}

|-

|-

|-

====Notes====

* The WALS metrics<ref name="WALS">https://wals.info/feature</ref> hold particular definitions in each category of their own, considering for example solely ejective, implosive, and glottalized sonorants as "glottalized consonants"; agreement to include number and person; and tense/aspect/mood (TAM) to be one category within a "category-per-word value".

==Phonology==

Adamic can have as many as 24 [[w:Consonant|consonants]] and 12 [[w:Vowel|vowels]], with [[w:Allophone|allophonic]] [[w:Tone (linguistics)|tones]] liable to manifestate depending on the position of the [[w:Stress(linguistics)|stress]]. Its syllable structure of ''C²V²C²/C³(V)'' supports up to 3 sounds in a [[w:Consonant cluster|consonant cluster]] intervocalically and 2 elsewhere as [[w:Syllable#Onset|onset]] or [[w:Syllable#Coda|coda]] (e.g. ''qfál'' "saying", ''aktvú'' "I cut", and ''ka’n'' "year"); also, it does not accept [[w:Triphthong|triphthongs]]. The most remarkable phonetic and phonological features include the presence of:

* [[w:Emphatic consonant|emphatic consonants]].

* a simple vowel system composed of ''i'', ''u'', and ''a'', with [[w:Vowel length|phonemic length]].

 

* predetermined set of vowels available depending on the speaker's gender.

 

* systematic sound transitions dictated by a [[Adamic Code#Coloration Table|coloration table]].

 

Adamic has 24 or 18 phonemic consonants, depending on whether emphatics are disregarded. The special status of the glottalized series is due their phonological equivalence with the plain stops (k, g, p, b, t, d) within the language, despite being genuine inheritances from the ejective/implosive sounds of the [[Diluvian Code|Diluvian]] and [[Pangaean Code|Pangaean]] Codes. Anyhow, even if optionally excluded, they may still appear as allophones of their counterparts, specially next to /ʔ/.

{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=2|[[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]

! colspan=2|[[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]

! colspan=2|[[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]

! |[[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]

! rowspan=2 | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]

! [[w:Voiceless consonant|Voiceless]]

| [[w:Voiceless alveolar nasal|n̥]]

|  

| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]

|

|

|

|  

|

|

| [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|(pˀ)]]

| [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|k]]

| [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|(kˀ)]]

| [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]]

| [[w:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]]

| [[w:Voiced bilabial plosive|(bˀ)]]

| [[w:Voiced alveolar plosive|d]]

| [[w:Voiced alveolar plosive|(dˀ)]]

| [[w:Voiced velar plosive|g]]

| [[w:Voiced velar plosive|(gˀ)]]

! rowspan=1 | [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]

! [[w:Voiceless consonant|Voiceless]]

| [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]]

! rowspan=2 | [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]

! [[w:Voiceless consonant|Voiceless]]

| [[w:Voiceless labiodental consonant|f]]

| [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]]

|[[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]

! [[w:Voiced consonant|Voiced]]

| [[w:Voiced labiodental consonant|v]]

|

| [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]

|

|  

| [[w:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]]

! rowspan=1 | [[w:Vibrant voice|Vibrant]]

! [[w:Voiced consonant|Voiced]]

| [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]

! rowspan=1 | [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]]

! [[w:Voiceless consonant|Voiceless]]

|

|

| [[w:Lateral consonant|l̥]]

|

|

|  

* Adamic identifies "phonological coordinates" within its consonantal inventory, classifying terms into relevant categories of <small>VOICE</small>, <small>MANNER</small>, and <small>ARTICULATION</small>. Even sequences among its subdivisions follow a predetermined order, being ''voiceless>voiced'' in <small>VOICE</small>, ''occlusive>sonorant>turbulent'' in <small>MANNER</small>, and ''guttural>labial>dental'' in <small>ARTICULATION</small>. As not all members of those sets correspond to the phonetic qualities attributed to them (with the exception of <small>VOICE</small>'s members), the last two sequences are respectively referred to as the ''KHS-type'' and the ''IUA-type'', with their proper compositions being named as expected: ''K-type'', ''H-type'', ''S-type'', ''I-type'', ''U-type'', and ''A-type'' in order.

*** /k, g/, part of the KI-type, represent the velar series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /g/ may be realized as [ɟ] or even [ʝ] if onset/coda to front vowels.

*** /(kˀ), (gˀ)/ are also considered part of the KI-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.

**** /gˀ/ may be realized as [ɠ] or [gʱ], or even as [ʄ] or [ɟʱ] if onset/coda to front vowels.

**** /h/ ranges from [h], [ħ], and [χ] to [x]; its Canonic allophone is [kʷ].

**** /ɦ/ ranges from [ɦ], [ʕ], and [ʁ] to [ɣ]; its Canonic allophone is [gʷ].

*** /s, z/, part of the SI-type, descend from the sibilant series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /s/ may be realized as [j̥], or even as [ʃ] or [ɕ] if onset/coda to front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].

**** /z/ may be realized as [j], or even as [ʒ] or [ʑ] if onset/coda to front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].

**** /p/ may be realized as [kʷ].

**** /b/ may be realized as [gʷ].

*** /(pˀ), (bˀ)/ are also considered part of the KU-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.

**** /pˀ/ may be realized as [pʼ] or [pʰ], or even as [kʼʷ] or [kʰʷ].

**** /bˀ/ may be realized as [ɓ] or [bʱ], or even as [ɠʷ] [gʱʷ].

**** /n̥/ ranges from [n̥], [n], [ŋ̥], [ŋ], and [ɲ̥] to [ɲ]; its Canonic allophone is [pʷ].

**** /m/ ranges from [m̥], [m], and [ɱ̥] to [ɱ]; its Canonic allophone is [bʷ].

*** /f, v/, part of the SU-type, are innovations, not descending from older paleolithic codes.

**** /f/ may be realized as [w̥], [ɸ], or even [θ]; its Canonic allophone is [pʲ].

**** /v/ may be realized as [w], [β], or even [ð]; its Canonic allophone is [bʲ].

**** /t/ may be realized as [t͡ʃ] or even [t͡ɕ] if onset/coda to front vowels.

**** /d/ may be realized as [d͡ʒ] or even [d͡ʑ] if onset/coda to front vowels.

**** /tˀ/ may be realized as [tʼ] or [tʰ], or even as [t͡ʃʼ], [t͡ʃʰ], [t͡ɕʼ], or [t͡ɕʰ] if onset/coda to front vowels.

**** /dˀ/ may be realized as [ɗ] or [dʱ], or even as [d͡ʒʱ] or [d͡ʑʱ] if onset/coda to front vowels.

**** /l̥/ ranges from [l̥], [l], [ɬ], [ɮ], and [ʎ̥] to [ʎ]; its Canonic allophone is [tʷ].

**** /r/ ranges from [r̥], [r], [ɾ̥], [ɾ], and [ɹ̥] to [ɹ] ; its Canonic allophone is [dʷ].

**** /t͡s/ may be realized as [t͡ɬ], or even as [ʃ], [ɕ], [t͡ʃ] or [t͡ɕ] if onset/coda to front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [tʲ].

**** /ʔ/ may be realized as [d͡ɮ], or even as [∅]; its Canonic allophone is [dʲ].

 

 

 

{| class="nounderlines" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding=0 style="text-align:center; background-color:#fcfcfc; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding:10px;"

|- style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"

||

| style="width:60px;" | '''Front'''

| style="width:60px;" | '''Near-front'''

| style="width:60px;" | '''Central'''

| style="width:60px;" | '''Near-back'''

| style="width:60px;" | '''Back'''

| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close'''

| style="height:210px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position:relative;width:300px;height:210px;">[[Image:Blank vowel trapezoid.svg|300px]]<div style="background:transparent; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;">

{| style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;"

|-

| style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;" |

 

<div style="position:absolute; left:5%; width:2.33em; top:0%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:#fcfcfc;">i, iː</div>

 

<div style="position:absolute; left:16%; width:2.66em; top:28%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:#fcfcfc;">(e, eː)</div>

<div style="position:absolute; left:82%; width:2.66em; top:28%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:#fcfcfc;">(o, oː)</div>

 

<div style="position:absolute; left:43%; width:2.66em; top:84%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:#fcfcfc;">a, aː</div>

</div></div>

|-

| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near‑open'''

|-

| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open'''

 

|- style="vertical-align: top;"

|

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+Common<br />Monophthongs

|[[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]

|[[w:Open front central vowel|a]]

|[[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]

|[[w:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]]

|[[w:Open front central vowel|aː]]

|[[w:Close back rounded vowel|uː]]

| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+Long<br />Diphthongs

!

![[w:Front vowel|Front]]

![[w:Central vowel|Center]]

![[w:Back vowel|Back]]

! style="text-align: left;" | [[w:Short vowel|Short]]

|[[w:Close front unrounded vowel|<span style="color:red">u̯iː</span>]]

|[[w:Open front unrounded vowel|i̯aː]] [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|u̯aː]]

|[[w:Close back rounded vowel|<span style="color:blue">i̯uː</span>]]

! style="text-align: left;" | [[w:Long vowel|Long]]

|[[w:Open front unrounded vowel|aːi̯]] [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|aːu̯]]

|[[w:Close back rounded vowel|<span style="color:blue">uːi̯</span>]]

|}

|- style="vertical-align: top;"

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

!

![[w:Front vowel|Front]]

![[w:Central vowel|Center]]

|[[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]

|[[w:Close central unrounded vowel|<span style="color:blue">ɨ</span>]] ~ [[w:Close central rounded vowel|<span style="color:red">ʉ</span>]]

|[[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]

|[[w:Close central unrounded vowel|<span style="color:blue">ɨː</span>]] ~ [[w:Close central rounded vowel|<span style="color:red">ʉː</span>]]

|[[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+Short<br />Diphthongs

|-

|-

|[[w:Central vowel|<span style="color:red">i̯ʉ</span>]] ~ [[w:Central vowel|<span style="color:blue">u̯ɨ</span>]]

|-

! style="text-align: left;" | [[w:Long vowel|Long]]

|[[w:Central vowel|<span style="color:red">ʉi̯</span>]] ~ [[w:Central vowel|<span style="color:blue">ɨu̯</span>]]

|[[w:Close back rounded vowel|oi̯]]

| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

|

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

!

![[w:Front vowel|Front]]

![[w:Central vowel|Center]]

![[w:Back vowel|Back]]

|-

! style="text-align: left;" | [[w:Short vowel|Short]]

|[[w:Close front unrounded vowel|u̯eː]]

|[[w:Central vowel|<span style="color:red">i̯ʉː</span>]] ~ [[w:Central vowel|<span style="color:blue">u̯ɨː</span>]]

|[[w:Close back rounded vowel|i̯oː]]

|-

! style="text-align: left;" | [[w:Long vowel|Long]]

|[[w:Close front unrounded vowel|eːu̯]]

|[[w:Central vowel|<span style="color:red">ʉːi̯</span>]] ~ [[w:Central vowel|<span style="color:blue">ɨːu̯</span>]]

|[[w:Close back rounded vowel|oːi̯]]

|}

|}

 

====Notes====

* Much like consonants, vowels in Adamic are positioned in the currents ''front>back>central'' (<small>POSITION</small>) and ''short>long'' (<small>LENGTH</small>); with the process exceptionally being known by the trigrammaton ''IAU'' or even the pentagrammaton ''IEAOU'', which may serve as alphabetic recitations when not symbols of cosmic order. Contrary to the consonantal series, though, long vowels tend to carry a non-phonemic rising pitch when stressed, and a falling pitch when unstressed, in order to further distinguish them from plain vowels; they also may generate new articulations of themselves depending on their arrangement and whether one's particular form of the Adamic Code puts prominence on the /i/ (feminine) or the /u/ (masculine) vowels, determined by sex/gender:

** /i, iː/ are the close front unrounded [i, iː].

*** /e, eː/ are the close-mid front unrounded [e, eː]. They are the respective products of the monophthongization of /i̯a/ and /ai̯/.

** /u, uː/ are the close back rounded [u, uː]

*** /o, oː/ are the close-mid back rounded [o, oː]. They are the respective products of the monophthongization of /u̯a/ and /au̯/.

** /a, aː/ are the open central unrounded [ä, äː], but may be pronounced as the open front unrounded [a, aː] or the open back rounded [ɒ, ɒː] if next to front and back vowels respectively.

*** /ɨ, ɨː/~/ʉ, ʉː/ are the close central unrounded~rounded [ɨ, ɨː]~[ʉ, ʉː], but may be pronounced as [y, yː]~[ɯ, ɯː]. They are the respective products of the monophthongization of /i̯u/ and /ui̯/ in the masculine U-register and /u̯i/ and /iu̯/ in the feminine I-register.

===Coloration Table===

In Adamic, sounds possess the property to transition between consonants and vowels. This process is known as "coloration", consisting on the equivalence of consonantal <small>VOICE</small>, <small>MANNER</small>, and <small>ARTICULATION</small> with vocalic <small>LENGTH</small> and <small>POSITION</small>.

{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center;"

! |A Type

| h ɦ

| n̥ m

| l̥ r

| k g

| p b

| t d

| s z

| t͡s ʔ

|}

 

 

 

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|-

|-

| ־ל־כ־נ־<br>''-l-k-n-''

| לכנ<br>''luín''

| ־מ־ף־ר־<br>''-m-f-r-''

| מףר<br>''maúr''

| death

| ־ג־ל־ל־<br>''-g-l-l-''

| גלל<br>''gâl''

| cosmos

==Writing System==

Not only for thematic reasons, Adamic is written with the [[w:Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew Script]] due the predicability of vowels in the language, wherein it is in fact more suited for an [[w:Abjad|abjad]]; nevertheless, it is possible to codify Adamic alphabetically for learning purposes. In the latter case, the code is written with 25 letters of the [[w:Latin Script|Latin Script]] with three diacritics appearing on vowels ([[w:Circumflex accent|circumflex accent]], [[w:Acute accent|acute accent]] and [[w:Macron (diacritic)|macron]]) and one in consonants (an [[w:Apostrophe|apostrophe]], also treated as an independent letter when representing a [[w:Glottal stop|glottal stop]]).  

{|border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Unicode" style="vertical-align:top; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #808080; text-align:center; clear:both;"

! colspan=16 style="background-color:#fff7e9; font-family:inherit; font-weight:normal;" | '''Adamic Abjad'''

  | style="width:6.25%;" | <big>ד</big><br /><small>d / aː / aː</small>

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0; font-size:larger;"

  | style="width:6.25%;" | <big>תּ</big><br /><small>tˀ / a / a</small>

  | style="width:6.25%;" | <big>דּ</big><br /><small>dˀ / aː / aː</small>

|}

 

 

 

 

| Aа<br/>/a/ || Bb<br/>/b/ || Cc<br/>/t͡s/ || Dd<br/>/d/ || Ee<br/>/e/

| Ff<br/>/f/ || Gg<br/>/g/ || Hh<br/>/h/ || Ii<br/>/i~i̯/ || Jj<br/>/i̯/

| Kk<br/>/k/ || Ll<br/>/l̥/ || Mn<br/>/m/ || Nn<br/>/n̥/ || Oo<br/>/o/

| Pp<br/>/p/ || Qq<br/>/ɦ/ || Rr<br/>/r/ || Ss<br/>/s/ || Tt<br/>/t/

| Uu<br/>/u~u̯/ || Vv<br/>/v/ || Ww<br/>/u̯/ || Yy<br/>/ɨ~ʉ/ || Zz<br/>/z/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

|- style="vertical-align: top;"

|

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|-

!! colspan=4 | KIHS Characters

| כ

| ''kik'' [[w:Help:IPA|/kik/]]

| /k/

| ''Kk''

| ג

| ''gīg'' [[w:Help:IPA|/giːg/]]

| /g/

| ''Gg''

| ה

| ''hih'' [[w:Help:IPA|/hih/]]

| /h/

| ''Hh''

| ק

| ''qīq'' [[w:Help:IPA|/ɦiːɦ/]]

| /ɦ/

| ''Qq''

| ס

| ''sis'' [[w:Help:IPA|/sis/]]

| /s/

| ''Ss''

| ז

| ''zīz'' [[w:Help:IPA|/ziːz/]]

| /z/

| ''Zz''

!! colspan=4 | KUHS Characters