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Vexilian: Difference between revisions

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| scripts = Latin<br/>Cyrillic<br/>Arabic<br/>Hebrew<br/>Vexilian Abugida
| scripts = Latin<br/>Cyrillic<br/>Arabic<br/>Hebrew<br/>Vexilian Abugida
| clcr = none
| clcr = none
| image = [[File:Vexilian zaloqalcae abugida.png|frameless]]
| image = [[File:Vexilian_autoglotonym_wirink'oq.png|frameless]]
| notice = IPA
| notice = IPA
}}
}}
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===Orthography===
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Vexilian has 45 consonants and 13 vowels. At the left of each cell in the table below is the [[w:phoneme|phoneme]], and at the right its transliterated representation if it is not written the same in IPA as in romanized vexilian. The consonants are as follows:
Vexilian has 45 consonants and 13 vowels. At the left of each cell in the table below is the [[w:phoneme|phoneme]], and at the left its transliterated representation if it is not written the same in IPA as in written vexilian. The consonants are as follows:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|m
|m
|  
|  
|
|n [n̪]
|n
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|ñ [ɲ]
|ŋ
|ŋ
|  
|  
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b
b
|  
|  
|
|t [t̪]
|t [t]


d
d [d̪]
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|Fricative
|Fricative
|  
|  
|f [f]
|f
|ŧ [θ]
|ŧ [θ]


ð [ð]
ð
|s [s]
|s [s]


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|y [j]
|y [j]


ɥ[ɥ]
ÿ[ɥ]
|  
|  
|  
|  
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ṗ [ʙ̥]
ṗ [ʙ̥]
|  
|  
|  
|r (r̪)
|r       
|ŗ (r̝)   
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|  
|  
|l
|l
ɫ [ɫ
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|  
|  
|}
|}
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
The 12 vowels of vexilian are as follows:
The 12 vowels of vexilian are as follows:
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ø̞ (ø)
ø̞ (ø)
|  
|  
|ə
|ə (ę)
|  
|  
|o̞ (o)
|o̞ (o)
ɤ̞ (ǫ)
|-
|-
|Near-Open
|Near-Open
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|
|
|}
|}
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
Vexilian present a very ample phonetic inventory
The vocalic system distinguishes short and long vowels with nasal and long nasal variants
 
'''Syllabic structure'''
*
* The maximum syllabic structure is C(C)V(C)
*
* Most syllables start with a consonant.
*
* A 2 element consonant group is allowed, where the second is always an approximant (/j w ɥ/) or a liquid consonant (/l r/).
*
* Affricates and ejectives count as a single segment in the syllabic structure.
*
* Nucleus:
*
* It can contain a long, short, nasal, or long nasal vowel.
*
* Dipthongs are exclusively decrescent (ej. [ei̯], [au̯]).
*
 
'''Coda:'''
 
Nasalized coda assimilates its articulation point to the next consonant.
 
'''Phonologic processes:'''
* Nasal assimilation: /n/ adopts the articulation point of the previous consonant (/n/ → [ŋ] on velar/uvular consonants, /n/ → [ɲ] on palatal consonants).
*
* Vowel reduction: On a atone syllable, short vowels often get reduced to /ə/, except for /i/, which reduces to [ɪ].
*
* Glotal epenthesis: Between 2 identical vowels in sequence, /ʔ/ gets inserted to avoid hiatus.
*
* Lenition: Voiced stops get turned into fricatives between vowels (/b/ → [β], /d/ → [ð], /ɡ/ → [ɣ]).
*
* Emphatic glottalization: In poetic or ritual contexts, certain words are pronounced with an additional glottal stop, even if they're not graphically represented.
*
'''Distribution of /t͡s/, /t͡sʼ/ and /d͡z/:'''
 
/t͡s/, /t͡sʼ/ y /d͡z/ behave like coronal consonants. They're frequent on initial and middle pose, but they rarely appear in coda.
 
'''Neutralized eyectives in coda'''
 
Ejective stops lose their audible release at the end of a word:
 
/pʼ/ → [p̚]
 
/tʼ/ → [t̚]
 
/kʼ/ → [k̚]
 
/qʼ/ → [q̚]
 
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
The verb structure is as follows:


<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
'''Evidentiality prefix + time/mode prefixes + Verbal root + object incorporation + Derivative sufixes + Subject marks'''
===Evidentiality prefixes===
* Direct: Ƹa- (I saw with my own eyes).
* Indirect/Audible: Ƹe- (I heard someone saw).
* Doubtful/Imaginary: Ƹę- (I Assume it happened).


Nouns
===Time/Mode prefixes===
Adjectives
* Present: ta-
Verbs
* Past: ka-
Adverbs
* Future: sa-
Particles
* Hypothetical: za-
Derivational morphology
* Perfective (completed action): q̇ę-
* Imperfective (action in process): nę-


-->
===Derivative sufixes===
* Causative: -łę (make someone do something).
* Passive: -tłę
* Reflexive: -řę
 
===Subject marks===
* 1st person: -ɂ
* 2nd person: -kę
* 3rd person: -sę
 
===Quantity sufixes===
* Plural: -tł
* Dual: -dļ
* Paucal: -jł
* Nular: -q̇oq


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
Vexilian uses a Verb-Object-Subject order, like the algonquian languages or malagasy.
===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
'''Basic order:'''
(Determinant) + (Nucleus) + (Adjectives) + (Postpositions) + (Clitics/Modifiers)
'''Ejemplo:'''
''Zat ghoti-kho''
''That big fish'' (Determinant + Sustantive + Adjective)
===Verb phrase===
===Verb phrase===
Time/Aspect/Modality + Verbal Prefixes (theme, cause, applications, incorporations) + Verbal Root + Sufixes (plural, directional, etc.)
'''Example:'''
''Kapikožukçekę
Ka-piko-žuk-çe-kę''
''¿Did you see me?'' (Ka = past, piko = interrogative, žuk = see, çe = object "me", kę = 2nd person indicator)
===Sentence phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
Evidentiality prefix + time/mode prefixes + Verbal root + object incorporation + Derivative sufixes + Subject marks
Ƹasašaŋghotiłęɂ
Ӏасашаңгһотиԓэь
عَسَشَڭگھۆتِڷها
עַסַשַנּגהֹתִלְּא
/ʕäsäʃäŋɡʰo̞t̪iɬəʔ/
Ƹa-sa-šaŋ-ghoti-łę-ɂ
= "[I] will make [myself] eat a fish (and i see it)."
* Ƹa-: Direct evidential (i see it).
* sa-: Future.
* šaŋ: Root "eat".
* ghoti: incorporated object ("fish").
* łę: Causative.
* ɂ: First person.
===Dependent clauses===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
<!-- etc. etc. -->
==Numbers==
Unlike most languages, vexilian uses a septenary numeral system since they have 5 fingers on each hand and 2 toes on each foot. The numbers are as follows.
* 0: Xa
* 1₇: Yx
* 2₇: Hosf
* 3₇: Łañ
* 4₇: Nęn̈ꝗi
* 5₇: Qeq̇
* 6₇: Kǫǫs
* 10₇: Xłereq̇
* 100₇: Yuz
* 1000₇: Čæn
* -illion₇: -nonok'
===Examples of more complex numbers===
* 13₇: Xłereq̇-ha-Łañ (ten and three)
* 41₇: Nęn̈ꝗi-Xłereq̇-ha-Yx (Four tens and one)
* 123₇: Yuz-Hosf-Xłereq̇-ha-Łañ (Hundred two tens and three)


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
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[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Scripts]]
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